_________ _____ _______________       _____
\_   ___ \\    \\___________   \____ / ____\     ~/.bash/cliref.md
/    \  \/|    | |   ||       _/ __ \  __\    copy/paste from whatisdb
\     \___|__  |_|_  ||    |   \  __/|_ |   http://pastebin.com/yGmGiDQX
 \________  /_____ \_||____|_  /____  /_|     [email protected]
 20160515 \/ 1527 \/         \/     \/

alias CLIRef.txt='curl -s "http://pastebin.com/raw/yGmGiDQX" | less -i'
alias CLIRef.md='lynx "https://gist.github.com/yunga/b036ac9749524e312fb8#file-cliref-md"'

Content

Other Documentation	Getting Help	Interesting Pages
Shells	Network	Directories
Terminal Tools	Wireless	Files

                      | [Network Monitor]        | [Pipes]

Getting Help

Command	Description
man	an interface to the on-line reference manuals
apropos	search the manual page names and descriptions
whatis	display manual page descriptions
whichman	search for a man page using a fault tolerant search
info	read info documents
help	shell built-in help
debmany	show documentation from installed packages
debian-reference	open the post-installation user's guide in browser
type	display information about command type
konqueror	browse man:/info:/perldoc:/etc. thanks to kio
popbugs	find release critical bugs in packages you use

Interesting Pages

Manpage	Description
intro.1	user commands
intro.2	system calls
intro.3	library functions
intro.4	special files
intro.5	file formats
intro.6	games
intro.7	overview/conventions/miscellany section
intro.8	administration and privileged commands
undocumented.7	no manpage for this program, utility or function
missing	missing manual pages
LDP	linux documentation project with help and guides
man-pages	conventions for writing linux man pages
environ	user environment
hier	description of the filesystem hierarchy
file-hierarchy	file system hierarchy overview
capabilities	overview of linux capabilities
signal	overview of signals
standards	standards - c and unix standards
units.7	units, kilo/kibi/mega, decimal and binary prefixes
libc	overview of standard c libraries on linux
posixoptions	optional parts of the posix standard
errno	look up errno names and descriptions
errno.3	number of last error
undocumented.3	undocumented library functions
printf	formatted output conversion
strftime	format date and time
acl	access control lists
ascii	report character aliases
ascii.7	ascii characters in octal, decimal, and hexadecimal
unicode	universal character set
locale.7	description of multilanguage support
readline	get a line from a user with editing (inputrc)
terminfo	terminal capability data base
bash	gnu bourne-again shell
zsh	the z shell
glob	globbing pathnames
regex	posix.2 regular expressions
pcrepattern	pcre - perl-compatible regular expressions
pcresyntax	pcre - perl-compatible regex syntax summary
perlintro	brief introduction and overview of perl
perlcheat	perl 5 cheat sheet
gittutorial	a tutorial introduction to git
random	kernel random number source devices

Shells

Command	Description
sh	shell, the standard command language interpreter
bash	gnu bourne-again shell
fish	the friendly interactive shell
zsh	the z shell
fizsh	friendly interactive zshell
ksh	kornshell, a command and programming language
pdksh	legacy kornshell built on mksh
mksh	mirbsd kornshell
csh	a shell with c-like syntax
tcsh	c shell with file name completion and cli editing
ash	the almquist shell
dash	the debian almquist shell
rc	a shell for plan 9 and unix systems
git-sh	a git shell (bash)
shellcheck	analyzes shell scripts and points out typical issues

Terminal Tools

Command	Description
screen	screen manager with vt100/ansi terminal emulation
tmux	terminal multiplexer
byobu	wrapper script for seeding configuration to screen/tmux
dvtm	dynamic virtual terminal manager
twin	textmode window environment
dtach	program that emulates the detach feature of screen
reptyr	reparent a running program to a new terminal/screen
kibitz	allow two people to interact with one shell
script	make typescript of terminal session
scriptreplay	play back typescripts, using timing information
ttyrec	a tty recorder
ttyplay	player of the tty session recorded by ttyrec
clear	clear the screen
reset	terminal initialization
openvt	start a program on a new virtual terminal (vt)
chvt	change foreground virtual terminal
deallocvt	deallocate unused virtual terminals
tty	display the name of the terminal connected to stdin
stty	change and print terminal line settings
tabs	set terminal tabs
setterm	set terminal attributes
tput	change terminal characteristics
tic	the terminfo entry-description compiler
toe	table of (terminfo) entries
infocmp	compare or print out terminfo descriptions
captoinfo	convert a termcap description into terminfo description
infotocap	convert a terminfo description into termcap description

Setup

Command	Description
apt-get	apt package handling utility (debian)
apt-config	apt configuration query program
apt-cache	query the apt cache
apt-file	apt package searching utility
dlocate	program to view debian package information
whohas	find packages in various distributions repositories
apt-mark	mark/unmark a package as being automatically-installed
debfoster	weed unnecessary debian packages
deborphan	orphaned package finder
dgrep	grep through files belonging to an installed package
dglob	expand package names or files matching a pattern
dpigs	show which installed packages occupy the most space
popularity-contest	list the most popular packages on the system
popcon-largest-unused	list size of unused packages on the system
popbugs	find release critical bugs in packages used
which-pkg-broke	find which package might have broken another
dpkg	package manager for debian
dpkg-reconfigure	reconfigure an already installed package
debconf	run a debconf-using program
debconf-get-selections	output contents of debconf database
debconf-set-selections	insert new values into the debconf database
update-alternatives	maintain symlinks for default commands
update-manager	graphical management of software updates
dselect	debian package management frontend
aptitude	high-level interface to the package manager
synaptic	graphical management of software packages (xwindows)
alien	convert or install an alien binary package (rpm, deb)
smart	the smart package manager (apt/rpm/yum/etc)
yum	yellowdog updater modified (redhat)
rpm	rpm package manager (redhat)
urpmi	rpm downloader/installer/dependency solver (mandriva)
zypper	interface to zypp system management (opensuse)
pacman	package manager utility (archlinux)
yaourt	more than a frontend to pacman (archlinux)
stow	software package installation manager (with symlinks)
checkrestart	check which processes need a restart after an upgrade

System

Command	Description
inxi	lists kernel/drivers/cpu/ram/gcc/xorg/desktop/etc.
nmon	systems administrator, tuner, benchmark tool
collectl	collects data that describes the current system status
binstats	display statistics about programs and libraries
uptime	view the system load and how long it has been running
times	show process times for the shell and its child
lsb_release	print distribution-specific information
uname	print system/kernel information
arch	print machine hardware name (same as uname -m)
nproc	print the number of processing units available
procinfo	display system statistics gathered from /proc
mpstat	report processors related statistics
saidar	a curses-based tool for viewing system statistics
perf-top	system profiling tool
lmbench	system benchmarks
sysbench	a modular, multi-threaded benchmark tool
sar	collect, report, or save system activity information
hostid	print the numeric identifier for the current host
free	display amount of free/used/swap memory in the system
swapon	enable device and file for paging and swapping
swapoff	disable devices and files for paging and swapping
vmstat	report virtual memory statistics
dstat	versatile tool for generating system resource stats
iostat	report cpu and io statistics for dev, part and nfs
iotop	simple top-like i/o monitor
fio	flexible i/o tester
blktrace	generate traces of the i/o traffic on block devices
blockdev	call block device ioctls from the command line
slabtop	display kernel slab cache information in real time
tload	graphic representation of system load average
logger	a shell interface to the syslog system log module
logwatch	system log analyzer and reporter
swatch	simple watcher
imvirt	detects several virtualizations

Kernel

Command	Description
lsmod	program to show the status of modules in linux kernel
insmod	simple program to insert a module into the linux kernel
rmmod	simple program to remove a module from the linux kernel
modinfo	program to show information about a linux kernel module
modprobe	program to add and remove modules from the linux kernel
modconf	a module configuration utility
depmod	program to generate modules.dep and map files
sysctl	configure kernel parameters at runtime

Init and Runlevels

Command	Description
initctl	upstart service configuration
start	init daemon control tool
stop	init daemon control tool
status	init daemon control tool
chkconfig	enable or disable system services
service	run a system v init script
sysv-rc-conf	run-level configuration for sysv like init script links
runlevel	output previous and current runlevel
telinit	change system runlevel
checkrestart	check which processes need a restart after an upgrade
systemctl	control the systemd system and service manager
journalctl	query the systemd journal
loginctl	control the systemd login manager
halt	reboot or stop the system
reboot	reboot or stop the system
shutdown	shutdown or restart the system
poweroff	reboot or stop the system

Hardware

Command	Description
x86info	display x86 cpu diagnostics
dmesg	print kernel and driver messages
hdparm	get/set sata/ide device parameters
smartctl	control and monitor utility for smart disks
badblocks	search a device for bad blocks
setserial	get/set linux serial port information
wvdial	ppp dialer with built-in intelligence
lshw	list hardware
lshal	lists all devices the hardware abstraction layer knows
lsdev	display information about installed hardware
lsblk	list block devices
lsusb	list usb devices
lspci	list all pci devices
setpci	configure pci devices
pnpdump	dump isa plug-and-play devices resource information
isadump	examine isa registers
scsiinfo	query information from a scsi device
sginfo	access mode page information for a scsi/atapi device
sg_map	displays mapping between linux sg and scsi devices
udevadm	udev management tool
ethtool	query or control network driver and hardware settings
mii-tool	view, manipulate media-independent interface status
dmidecode	dmi table decoder
hwinfo	probe for hardware
acpitool	acpi client, allowing you to query or set acpi values
apm	interface with the apm subsystem
alsamixer	soundcard mixer for alsa driver
aumix	adjust audio mixer
pactl	control a running pulseaudio sound server
rexima	a curses-based (and command-line) mixer
alsactl	advanced controls for alsa soundcard driver
showkey	examine the codes sent by the keyboard
loadkeys	load keyboard translation tables
dumpkeys	dump keyboard translation tables
setleds	set the keyboard leds
imvirt	detects several virtualizations

Filesystem Tools

Command	Description
df	report file system disk space usage
discus	print a report of disk space usage
mount	mount a filesystem
umount	unmount file systems
mhddfs	combines a several mount points into a single one
fusermount	mount and unmount fuse filesystems
findmnt	find a filesystem
mountpoint	see if a directory is a mountpoint
sync	flush disk caches
mkfs	build a linux file system
tune2fs	adjust tunable filesystem parameters on ext2/ext3/ext4
fsck	check and repair a linux file system
badblocks	search a device for bad blocks
debugfs	ext2/ext3/ext4 file system debugger
fdisk	partition table manipulator for linux
cfdisk	curses/slang based disk partition table manipulator
parted	a partition manipulation program
fdformat	low-level format a floppy disk
mtools	utilities to access dos disks in unix
lilo	install linux boot loader
grub	install grand unified bootloader
dd	convert/copy a file, write disk headers, boot records
ddrescue	data recovery tool
dcfldd	enhanced version of dd for forensics and security
foremost	recover files using their headers/footers/structures
photorec	recover lost files from hdisk, digital camera and cdrom
safecopy	data recovery tool

Quotas

Command	Description
quota	display disk usage and limits
repquota	summarize quotas for a filesystem
setquota	set disk quotas
edquota	edit user quotas
quotaon	turn filesystem quotas on
quotaoff	turn filesystem quotas off
quotacheck	scan for disk usage, create, check, repair quota files
convertquota	convert quota from old file format to new one

Processes

Command	Description
ps	report a snapshot of the current processes
w	show who is logged on and what they are doing
top	monitor processes
htop	interactive process viewer
atop	at computing system & process monitor
gitps	a visual process viewer/killer (gnu interactive tools)
glances	a cross-platform curses-based system monitoring tool
pidstat	report statistics for linux tasks
powertop	program to analyze power consumption on intel laptops
prtstat	print statistics of a process
pstree	display a tree of processes
whowatch	console, interactive, process and users monitoring tool
kill	send a signal to a process
killall	kill all processes named proc
pidof	find the process id of a running program
pkill	signal processes based on name and other attributes
pgrep	lookup processes based on name and other attributes
skill	send a signal or report process status
snice	send a signal or report process status
nice	set/run a program with modified scheduling priority
renice	alter priority of running processes
ionice	set or get process i/o scheduling class and priority
cpulimit	limits the cpu usage of a process
taskset	retrieve or set a process cpu affinity
setuid	run a command with a different uid
setsid	run a program in a new session
nohup	runs a command immune to hangups, outputs to a non-tty
disown	shell built-in, removes each jobs from shell
jobs	lists the active jobs
bg	lists stopped or background jobs, resume a stopped job
fg	brings the most recent job to foreground
time	time a simple command
timeout	run a command with a time limit
uux	remote command execution
uustat	uucp status inquiry and job control
ipcs	report interprocess communication facilities status
ipcrm	remove message, semaphore, or shared memory identifier

Performances

See Brendan D. Gregg [Linux Perf page] (http://www.brendangregg.com/linuxperf.html)

Command	Description
collectl	collects data that describes the current system status
glances	a cross-platform curses-based system monitoring tool
uptime	view the system load and how long it has been running
mpstat	report processors related statistics
lmbench	system benchmarks
sysbench	a modular, multi-threaded benchmark tool
sar	collect, report, or save system activity information
free	display amount of free/used/swap memory in the system
swapon	enable/disable device and file for paging and swapping
vmstat	report virtual memory statistics
dstat	versatile tool for generating system resource stats
iostat	report cpu and io statistics for dev, part and nfs
iotop	simple top-like i/o monitor
fio	flexible i/o tester
blktrace	generate traces of the i/o traffic on block devices
slabtop	display kernel slab cache information in real time
sysctl	configure kernel parameters at runtime
hdparm	get/set sata/ide device parameters
ps	report a snapshot of the current processes
top	monitor processes
htop	interactive process viewer
pidstat	report statistics for linux tasks
nice	set/run a program with modified scheduling priority
renice	alter priority of running processes
ionice	set or get process i/o scheduling class and priority
taskset	retrieve or set a process cpu affinity
sysdig	a system-level exploration and troubleshooting tool
ltrace	a library call tracer
strace	trace system calls and signals
errno	look up errno names and descriptions
explain	explain system call error messages
stap	systemtap script translator driver
ktap	lightweight script-based dynamic tracing tool for linux
llttng	tracer control command line tool
perf	performance analysis tools for linux
tiptop	display hardware performance counters for linux tasks
ethtool	query or control network driver and hardware settings
iperf	perform network throughput tests
pchar	perform network measurements along an internet path
ping	check if host is reachable
hping3	send (almost) arbitrary tcp/ip packets to network hosts
traceroute	print the route packets trace to network host (see mtr)
mtr	traceroute and ping programs diagnostic tool
nicstat	print network traffic statistics
netstat	print connections, routing, masquerade, multicast stats
ss	another utility to investigate sockets
socklist	display list of open sockets
sockstat	list open sockets
iptraf	interactive colorful ip lan monitor
tcpdump	dump traffic on a network
darkstat	network statistics gatherer
justniffer	an extensive tcp flow sniffer
snmpget	communicates with a network using snmp get requests
lldptool	manage the lldp settings and status of lldpad
tune2fs	adjust tunable filesystem parameters on ext2/ext3/ext4
dd	convert/copy a file, write disk headers, boot records
siege	an http/https stress tester
tsung	distributed multi-protocol load testing tool

User Management

Command	Description
adduser	add a user or group to the system
useradd	create a new user or update default user information
userdel	delete a user account and related files
usermod	modify a user account
newusers	update and create new users in batch
groupadd	create a new group
groupdel	delete a group
groupmod	modify a group definition on the system
newgrp	log in to a new group
chage	change user password expiry information
chfn	change real user name and information
chsh	change login shell
passwd	change user password

User Information

Command	Description
id	print real and effective user and group ids
groups	print group names a user is in
sa	summarizes accounting information
ac	print statistics about users connect time
who	print all usernames currently logged in
whowatch	console, interactive, process and users monitoring tool
whoami	print effective userid
rwho	determine all users logged on your local network
w	show who is logged on and what they are doing
last	show listing of last logged in users
lastb	show listing of bad loggin attemps
lastlog	reports recent login of all users or of a given user
lastcomm	print information about previously executed commands
users	print the user names of users currently logged in
logname	print the login name of a user
talk	talk to another user
ytalk	multi-user chat program
write	send a message to another user
wall	write a message to users
mesg	control write access to your terminal

Environment

Command	Description
printenv	print all or part of environment
env	run a program in a modified environment
locale	get locale-specific information
localedef	compile locale definition files

Security Context

Command	Description
su	change user id or become superuser
sudo	execute a command as another user
sudoedit	edit one or more files as another user
op	grant trusted users access to certain root operations
runcon	run command with specified security context (selinux)
chcon	change file security context (selinux)
chroot	run command or interactive shell with special root dir
schroot	securely enter a chroot environment
rarun2	run programs with different env/args/perms/dirs/etc

Development

Command	Description
perl	the perl language interpreter
perldoc	look up perl documentation in pod format
perltidy	a perl script indenter and reformatter
perlcritic	command-line interface to critique perl source
perlbug	how to submit bug reports on perl
cpan	easily interact with cpan from the command line
txt2regex	a regular expression wizard
ruby	interpreted object-oriented scripting language
irb	interactive ruby
gem	the front end to rubygems
python	an interpreted, object-oriented programming language
pydoc	the python documentation tool
pycompile	byte compile python source files
pychecker	program to check python scripts for common mistakes
ghc	the glasgow haskell compiler
ghci	the glasgow haskell compiler
lua	lua interpreter
luac	lua compiler
luadoc	generate documentation from files
luarocks	module deployment system for lua
node	server-side javascript
js_beautify	command tool to beautify your javascript files
jq	command-line json processor
jsoncat	display json data
jsonlint	json syntax validator and formatter tool
java	the java application launcher
javac	java programming language compiler
javadoc	the java api documentation generator
jardiff	visualise api differences between two jar files
php	php command line interface cli
clisp	ansi common lisp compiler, interpreter and debugger
fort77	fortran compiler
f2c	convert fortran 77 to c or c++
fc	frontend script to the f2c fortran compiler
nasm	the netwide assembler, a portable 80x86 assembler
yasm	the yasm modular assembler
as	the portable gnu assembler
rasm2	assemble and disassemble files or hexpair strings
gcc	gnu project c and c++ compiler
gprof	display call graph profile data
ld	the gnu linker
c99	compile standard ansi c programs
cpp	the c preprocessor
make	gnu make utility to maintain groups of programs
dmake	maintain program groups, or interdependent files
cmake	cross-platform makefile generator
cxref	generate a c-language program cross-reference table
ctags	generate tag file for emacs, vi
cflow	generate a c-language flowgraph
cscope	interactively examine a c program
sloccount	count source lines of code (sloc)
cloc	count lines of source code and comments
pepper	repository statistics and report tool
astyle	indentation and reformatting filters c, c++, c#, java
indent	reformat a c program, inserting or deleting whitespace
bcpp	make c++ beautifier
uncrustify	c, c++, c#, d, java and pawn source code beautifier
xmlstarlet	command line xml/xslt toolkit
xmllint	command line xml tool
xgrep	search content of xml file via xpath or curstom search
xmlcatalog	parse and manipulate xml or sgml catalog files
xalan	process xml documents with xslt stylesheets
xmlindent	xml stream reformatter
tidy	validate, correct, and pretty-print html files
csstidy	css parser and optimiser
highlight	universal code highlighter converter (html, rtf, ...)
lex	generate programs for lexical tasks
strip	remove unnecessary information from executable files
m4	macro processor
yacc	yet another compiler compiler
flex	lexical analyser, generates code for pattern-matching
gencat	generate a formatted message catalog
getconf	get configuration values
errno	look up errno names and descriptions
explain	explain system call error messages

Debugging

Command	Description
gdb	the gnu debugger
r2	advanced hexadecimal editor, disassembler and debugger
elfsh	the elsf shell
e2dbg	the embedded elf debugger
readelf	displays information about elf files
rabin2	get information about elf/pe/mz/class
objdump	display information from object files
objcopy	copy and translate object files
nm	list symbols from object files
lsof	list open files/streams/sockets/etc
lslk	list local locks
fuser	identify processes using files or sockets
trace-cmd	interacts with ftrace linux kernel internal tracer
trace-cmd-list	list available plugins, events or options for ftrace
pstack	print a stack trace of running processes
dtrace	tune and troubleshoot programs and system (systemtap)
sysdig	a system-level exploration and troubleshooting tool
etrace	the embedded elf tracer
eresi	the eresi reverse engineering software interface
errno	look up errno names and descriptions
explain	explain system call error messages
strace	trace system calls and signals
ltrace	a library call tracer
mtrace	interpret output from malloc_trace
xtrace	trace communication between x11 client and server
stap	systemtap script translator driver
ktap	lightweight script-based dynamic tracing tool for linux
llttng	tracer control command line tool
perf	performance analysis tools for linux
perf-stat	run a command and gather performance counter statistics
perf-list	list all symbolic event types
tiptop	display hardware performance counters for linux tasks
babeltrace	babeltrace trace viewer and converter for (ctf)
memdump	memory dumper
scanmem	locate and modify a variable in an executing process
crash	analyze linux crash dump data or a live system
binwalk	binary image search tool
strings	extract printable strings
ident	identify rcs keyword strings in files
pmap	report memory map of a process
ldd	print shared library dependencies
ldconfig	configure dynamic linker run-time bindings
ld.so	dynamic linker-loader
/lib/ld-linux.so.2	dynamic linker-loader
/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2	dynamic linker-loader

Revision Control

Command	Description
rcs	change rcs file attributes
ci	check in rcs revisions
co	check out rcs revisions
git	the stupid content tracker
tig	text-mode interface for git
bzr	bazaar next-generation distributed version control
cvs	concurrent versions system
darcs	an advanced revision control system
hg	mercurial source code management system
svn	subversion command line client tool

Database

Command	Description
sqlite3	command line interface for sqlite version 3
sqlite	a command line interface for sqlite
psql	postgresql interactive terminal
mysql	the mysql command-line tool
sql	execute a command on a database determined by a dburl
rrdtool	round robin database tool and grapher

Network

Command	Description
ip	show/manip routing, devices, policy routing and tunnels
tc	show/manipulate traffic control settings
ifconfig	set/display network information
ifdata	get network interface info without ifconfig parsing
ifstat	report interface statistics
ifdown	stop a network interface
ifup	bring a network interface up
ethtool	query or control network driver and hardware settings
mii-tool	view, manipulate media-independent interface status
nmcli	command-line tool for controlling networkmanager
nmtui	text user interface for controlling networkmanager
nm-tool	utility to report networkmanager state and devices
iperf	perform network throughput tests
nuttcp	network performance measurement tool
pchar	perform network measurements along an internet path
route	show/manipulate the ip routing table
hostname	print the system hostname
domainname	show or set the system nis/yp domain name
dnsdomainname	show the system dns domain name
nisdomainname	show or set the system's nis domain name
ypdomainname	show or set the system's yp domain name
whois	client for the whois directory service
dnstracer	trace a chain of DNS servers to the source
ping	check if host is reachable
hping3	send (almost) arbitrary tcp/ip packets to network hosts
traceroute	print the route packets trace to network host (see mtr)
tracepath	traces path to a network host, discovering mtu along
mtr	traceroute and ping programs diagnostic tool
netstat	print connections, routing, masquerade, multicast stats
lsof	list open files/streams/sockets/etc
ss	another utility to investigate sockets
host	dns lookup utility
dig	dns lookup utility
nslookup	query internet name servers interactively
zonecheck	dns zone checking tool
nc	netcat, arbitrary tcp and udp connections and listens
cryptcat	twofish encryption enabled version of nc
ncat	concatenate and redirect sockets
socat	multipurpose relay (socket cat)
faucet	a fixture for a bsd network pipe (netpipes)
hose	the client end of a bsd network pipe (netpipes)
arping	arp find out ethernet address by first arping then arp
arp	manipulate the system arp cache
arpwatch	keep track of ethernet/ip address pairings
arpspoof	intercept packets on a switched lan
rarp	manipulate the system rarp table
ufw	program for managing a netfilter firewall
iptables	administration tool for ipv4 filtering and nat
ip6tables	ipv6 packet filter administration
iptables-save	dump iptables rules to stdout
ip6tables-save	dump iptables rules to stdout
iptables-restore	restore ip tables
ip6tables-restore	restore ipv6 tables
iptstate	top-like display of ip tables state table entries
ipchains	control the packet filter/firewall (see iptables)
ipcalc	ipv4 netmask/broadcast/etc calculator
ipv6calc	a small utility to manipulate ipv6 addresses
sipcalc	ip subnet calculator
subnetcalc	ipv4/ipv6 subnet calculator
tcpkill	kill tcp connections on a lan
tcpnice	slow down tcp connections on a lan
sshow	ssh traffic analysis tool
sshmitm	ssh monkey-in-the-middle
smbclient	ftp-like client to access smb/cifs resources on servers
ntptrace	trace a chain of ntp servers back to the primary source
snmpget	communicates with a network using snmp get requests
snmpwalk	retrieve a management values subtree using snmp getnext
snmpcmd	behaviour common to most of the net-snmp commands
lldpad	link layer discovery protocol (lldp) agent daemon
lldptool	manage the lldp settings and status of lldpad
suricata	next generation intrusion detection and prevention tool

Wireless

Command	Description
iw	show/manipulate wireless devices and configuration
iwconfig	configure a wireless network interface
iwlist	detailed information about a wireless interface
iwevent	show wireless events generated by drivers and hardware
iwgetid	report essid, nwid, ap/cell address of wireless network
wavemon	a wireless network monitor
kismet	wireless sniffing and monitoring

Network Monitor

Command	Description
ntop	display top network users
ntopng	display top network users
nload	displays the current network usage
cbm	display the current traffic on all network devices
sntop	top-like console network status tool
iftop	display bandwidth usage on an interface by host
jnettop	view hosts/ports taking up the most network traffic
bmon	bandwidth monitor and rate estimator
bwn-ng	a live monitor for network and disk io
speedometer	display the rate of data across a network connection
netload	network device load monitor
nethogs	a small net top tool, displays usage per process
slurm	yet another network load monitor
vnstat	a console-based network traffic monitor
nicstat	print network traffic statistics
pktstat	display packet activity
iptraf	interactive colorful ip lan monitor
netwatch	ethernet internet protocol monitor
trafshow	full screen show network traffic
tcptrack	monitor tcp connections on the network
tcpreen	tcp stream monitoring tool
wavemon	a wireless network monitor

Network Tunnels

Command	Description
ip	show/manip routing, devices, policy routing and tunnels
ip-tunnel	tunnel configuration
stunnel	universal ssl tunnel
ptunnel	tunnel tcp connections over icmp packets
udptunnel	tunnel udp packets over a tcp connection

Network Scan

Command	Description
nmap	network exploration tool and security / port scanner
ndiff	utility to compare the results of nmap scans
scapy	interactive packet manipulation tool
nping	network packet generation tool / ping utility
arp-scan	the arp scanner
sslscan	fast ssl scanner
xprobe2	a remote active operating system fingerprinting tool
p0f	identify remote systems passively

Network Capture

Command	Description
wireshark	interactively dump and analyze network traffic
tshark	dump and analyze network traffic
scapy	interactive packet manipulation tool
dumpcap	dump network traffic
tcpspy	tcp/ip connection monitor
tcpdump	dump traffic on a network
tcptrace	a tcp connection analysis tool
tcpick	tcp stream sniffer and connection tracker
tcpflow	tcp flow recorder
snort	packet sniffer/logger and intrusion detection system
pcapdump	dedicated packet capture utility
pcapip	filter a pcap for ip addresses
pcappick	pick specific frames out of a pcap file by number
pcapuc	filter a pcap for ip addresses
ettercap	sniffer/content filter for man in the middle attacks
ngrep	network grep
tetheral	dump and analyze network traffic
sniffit	packet sniffer and monitoring tool
httpry	http logging and information retrieval tool
dsniff	password sniffer (lots of protocols)
kismet	wireless sniffing and monitoring

Network Filesystems

Command	Description
exportfs	maintain table of exported nfs file systems
showmount	show mount information for an NFS server
nfsstat	list nfs statistics
nfsiostat	report input/output statistics for nfs
sshfs	filesystem client based on ssh
curlftpfs	mount a ftp host as a local directory
flickrfs	virtual filesystem for flickr photosharing service

Network Apps

Command	Description
ssh	openssh ssh client (remote login program)
cssh	cluster admin tool, multiple ssh connection
ssh-copy-id	install public key in a remote machine authorized_keys
ssh-keygen	authkey generation, management and conversion
rsh	remote shell
crsh	cluster admin tool, multiple rsh connection
rlogin	openssh ssh client (remote login program)
telnet	log into remote hosts
ctel	cluster admin tool, multiple telnet connection
ccon	cluster admin tool, multiple console connection
uux	remote command execution
uustat	uucp status inquiry and job control
finger	user information lookup program

Modem/Fax/GSM

Command	Description
minicom	friendly serial communication program
efax	send/receive faxes with class 1, 2 or 2.0 fax modem
mgetty	smart data/fax modem getty
fax	fax sending and receiving with mgetty+sendfax
sendfax	submit a facsimile job for transmission
sendpage	submit a pager job for transmission
faxstat	for hylafax facsimile server status
faxspool	queue and convert files for faxing with sendfax
faxq	display fax jobs queued by faxspool
faxrunq	send fax jobs queued by faxspool
faxrm	remove fax jobs queued by faxspool
faxalter	alter parameters of a queued hylafax job
fax2ps	convert a tiff facsimile to compressed postscript
faxcover	generate postscript cover page for outgoing facsimile
faxmail	hylafax mail-to-fax (postscript) gateway application
textfmt	convert ascii text to postscript for facsimile
gammu	does some neat things with your cellular phone or modem

Network File Transfer

Command	Description
curl	transfer a url (swiss army tool)
wget	the non-interactive network downloader
httrack	offline browser : copy websites to a local directory
linkchecker	check html documents and websites for broken links
woof	a small, simple, stupid webserver to share files
wput	wget-like ftp-uploader
sftp	secure file transfer program
ncftp	browser program for the file transfer protocol
ncftpget	internet file transfer program for scripts
ncftpput	internet file transfer program for scripts
ftp	copy files between hosts
lftp	sophisticated file transfer program
scp	securely copy files between hosts
rcp	remote file copy
uucp	system-to-system copy
mulk	parallel network downloader with filtering and metalink
axel	light download accelerator (best imo)
aria	fast download utility (http, ftp, bittorrent, metalink)
aria2c	the ultra fast download utility http/ftp/bt/metalink
ctorrent	download bittorrent files from command line
rtorrent	a bittorrent client for ncurses
mktorrent	simple bittorrent metainfo file creator
bittorrent-downloader	download files using a scatter-gather network
btdownloadcurses	download files using a scatter-gather network
amulecmd	console-based program to control amule
get_flash_videos	downloader for flash-based video sites
rmtpdump	rtmp streaming media client
youtube-dl	download video from youtube or other video platforms
quvi	query media tool for parsing flash streams url
cclive	downloading media streams from youtube and similars
nc	netcat, arbitrary tcp and udp connections and listens
cryptcat	twofish encryption enabled version of nc
ncat	concatenate and redirect sockets
socat	multipurpose relay (socket cat)
faucet	a fixture for a bsd network pipe (netpipes)
hose	the client end of a bsd network pipe (netpipes)
trickle	a lightweight userspace bandwidth shaper

Browser

Command	Description
lynx	a general purpose, text-only browser for the www
links	lynx-like alternative character mode www browser
links2	lynx-like alternative character mode www browser
elinks	lynx-like alternative character mode www browser
netrik	the antrik internet browser
w3m	a text based web browser and pager
edbrowse	text editor and web browser
httrack	offline browser : copy websites to a local directory
surfraw	fast search/bookmarks access to various www clients
gopher	connect to gopher document server

RSS Reader

Command	Description
newsbeuter	an rss feed reader for text terminals
rsstail	console based rss news reader
canto	an ncurses rss reader
raggle	console rss aggregator
olive	console rss reader
rawdog	rss aggregator without delusions of grandeur
nrss	an ncurses rss reader
snownews	console rss newsreader

Podcast

Command	Description
hpodder	scan and download podcasts
podget	simple tool to automate downloading of podcasts
podracer	a podcast aggregator with bittorrent support

Chat

Command	Description
centerim	text mode based im client for linux
finch	instant messaging client (frontend to libpurple)
pork	console-based aol instant messenger & irc client
freetalk	a console based jabber client
mcabber	a simple jabber console client
ekg	gadu-gadu compatible client
BitchX	an advanced internet relay chat client
irssi	a modular irc client for unix
weechat	wee enhanced environment for chat
bitlbee	irc gateway to im chat networks
epic5	internet relay chat client for unix like systems
tinyirc	basic irc commands and an curses-based interface
ii	a minimalistic fifo and filesystem based irc client
sic	an extremly fast, small and simple irc client
tircd	an ircd proxy to the twitter api
talk	talk to another user
ytalk	multi-user chat program
write	send a message to another user
wall	write a message to users
mesg	control write access to your terminal

EMail

Command	Description
mail	minimal client to send and receive mail
mailx	send and receive internet mail
msmtp	an smtp client
mutt	text-based email client
alpine	internet news and email
notmuch	thread-based email index, search, and tagging
cone	read and send e-mail messages
elmo	the electronic mail operator
fetchyahoo	retrieve mail from yahoo webmail service
urlscan	browse the urls in an email message from a terminal

Newsgroups

Command	Description
slrn	an easy to use nntp / spool based newsreader
trn	threaded read news program
tin	usenet newsreader
nn	efficient net news interface (no news is good news)

Websites

Command	Description
shell-fm	console-based player for last.fm radio streams
google	command-line access to (some) google services
gcalcli	google calendar command line interface
episoder	tv show reminder from epguides.com and thetvdb.com
youtube-dl	download video from youtube or other video platforms
get_flash_videos	downloader for various flash-based video sites
quvi	query media tool for parsing flash streams url
cclive	downloading media streams from youtube and similars
twyt	command line twitter client
bti	send a tweet to twitter.com from the command line
tircd	an ircd proxy to the twitter api
twidge	microblogging client for twitter, identica
weather	obtain weather conditions and forecasts

Directories

Command	Description
cd	change directory
pwd	print name of current/working directory
mkdir	make directories
rmdir	remove empty directories
tree	list contents of directories in a tree-like format
dirdiff	display diff and merge changes between directories
pushd	sh: add directories to stack
popd	sh: remove dir from stack, changes to the new top dir
dirs	display directory stack (pushd/popd)

Files

Command	Description
ls	list directory contents and files
dir	briefly list files
vdir	verbosely list directory contents
tree	list contents of directories in a tree-like format
dircolors	color setup for ls
df	report file system disk space usage
dfc	display file system space usage using graphs and colors
pydf	report colourised filesystem disk space usage
du	estimate file space usage
ncdu	ncurses disk usage
agedu	correlate disk usage and last-access times
touch	create file, change file timestamps
fallocate	preallocate or deallocate space to a file
truncate	shrink or extend the size of a file
dd	convert/copy a file, write disk headers, boot records
cp	copy files and directories
mcp	copy files by wildcard patterns
qcp	copy files editing the names in a text editor
install	copy files and set attributes
mv	move (rename) files
mmv	move files by wildcard patterns
rename	rename files by replacing expressions
prename	renames multiple files with perl expression
qmv	rename files editing the names in a text editor
convmv	converts filenames from one encoding to another
vidir	edit a directory in your text editor
detox	clean up filenames
rm	remove files or directories
unlink	call the unlink function to remove the specified file
shred	overwrite a file to hide its contents, and delete it
wipe	securely erase files from magnetic media
gitwipe	an utility for wiping files (gnu interactive tools)
ln	make filesystem links
mln	link files by wildcard patterns
sln	link files (statically linked)
link	create a hard link to a file
readlink	print value of a symbolic link or canonical file name
cleanlinks	remove dangling symbolic links and empty directories
hardlink	Hardinks multiple copies of a file
stow	software package installation manager (with symlinks)
mkfifo	create named pipe
mknod	make block or character special files
mktemp	create a temporary file or directory
flock	manage locks from shell scripts
basename	strip directory and suffix from filenames
dirname	convert a full pathname to just a path
realpath	print the resolved path
pathchk	check whether file names are valid or portable
inotifywatch	gather filesystem access statistics using inotify
inotifywait	wait for changes to files using inotify
trash	trash utility compliant with freedesktop.org
trash-list	list trashed files
trash-restore	restore for command line trash utility
trash-empty	empty for command line trash utility

Pipes

Command	Description
tee	read from stdin, write to stdout and files
multitee	send multiple inputs to multiple outputs
pee	tee standard input to pipes
xargs	build and execute command lines from standard input
parallel	run programs in parallel
mispipe	pipe two commands returning the exit status of the first
pv	monitor the progress of data through a pipe
sponge	soaks up all standard input and write to a file after
stdbuf	run command with modified buffering for its stdstreams
ifne	run command if the standard input is not empty
ts	timestamp input
vipe	insert a text editor into a pipe

File Attributes

Command	Description
umask	set default file protections
stat	display file attributes or file system status
touch	change file timestamps
chown	change file owner and group
chgrp	change group ownership
chmod	change file mode bits
chattr	change advanced file attributes on a linux file system
lsattr	list advanced file attributes on a ext file system
getfattr	get extended attributes of filesystem objects
setfattr	set extended attributes of filesystem objects
getfacl	get file access control lists
setfacl	set file access control lists
test	check file types and compare values

File Find

Command	Description
find	search for files in a directory hierarchy
ftff	fault tolerant file find utility
updatedb	update a database for m/slocate
locate	locate files via index (m/slocate)
doodle	a tool to search the meta-data in your files
which	locate a command
whereis	locate binary, source, and manual page for a command
fdupes	finds duplicate files in a given set of directories
rdfind	finds duplicate files
findimagedupes	finds visually similar or duplicate images
hardlink	Hardinks multiple copies of a file

File Compare

Command	Description
diff	compare files line by line
zdiff	compare compressed files
bzdiff	compare compressed files
diff3	compare three files line by line
diffstat	make histogram from diff-output
rfcdiff	compare rfcs or internet drafts or any other text files
merge	three-way file merge
wdiff	display word differences between text files
sdiff	side-by-side merge of file differences
mcdiff	visual shell for unix-like systems
ndiff	utility to compare the results of nmap scans
bsdiff	generate a patch between two binary files
rdiff	binary diff tool for signature-based differences
quilt	tool to manage series of patches
bspatch	apply a patch built with bsdiff
patch	apply a diff file to an original
unify	transforms context diffs into unidiffs, or vice-versa
combine	combine lines from two files using boolean operations
comm	compare two sorted files line by line
cmp	compare two files byte by byte
zcmp	compare compressed files
bzcmp	compare compressed files
cksum	checksum and count the bytes in a file
sum	checksum and count the blocks in a file
md5sum	compute and check md5 message digest
md5pass	create an md5 password hash
shasum	print or check sha checksums
rhash	print or check ed2k, bittorrent, dc++, and other hashes
rahash2	block based hashing utility

Binary Information

Command	Description
file	determine file type
mimetype	identify file types
mimeopen	open files by mimetype
mediainfo	display information about audio/video files
rifle	ranger's file opener with special file type checking
extract	determine meta-information about a file
od	dump files in octal and other formats
xxd	make a hexdump or do the reverse (patch)
hexdump	ascii, decimal, hexadecimal, octal dump
mcview	midnight commander internal file viewer (ascii/hex)
dhex	hex editor with a diff mode
hexedit	view and edit files in hexadecimal or in ascii
tweak	efficient hex editor
hte	executable's editor
bsdiff	generate a patch between two binary files
bspatch	apply a patch built with bsdiff
rafind2	find byte patterns into files
rahash2	block based hashing utility
radiff2	unified binary diffing utility
hexdiff	hexadecimal visual diff for binary files
bbe	sed-like editor for binary files
dd	convert/copy a file, write disk headers, boot records
ddrescue	data recovery tool
foremost	recover files using their headers/footers/structures

File Managers

Command	Description
mc	midnight commander, visual shell for unix-like systems
gitfm	gnu interactive tools file manager
ranger	visual file manager
vifm	a ncurses based file manager with vi like keybindings
clex	file manager
vfu	text-mode file manager for unix/linux
pilot	simple file browser in the style of the alpine composer

Viewers

Command	Description
mcview	midnight commander internal file viewer (ascii/hex)
gitview	an ascii/hex file viewer (gnu interactive tools)
cat	concatenate files and print on the standard output
mad	append files by wildcard patterns
tac	concatenate and print files in reverse
rev	reverse characters of lines in file or files
spc	colorizes text for terminals and html (supercat)
lolcat	rainbow coloring for text
tac	concatenate and print files in reverse
combine	combine lines from two files using boolean operations
lnav	ncurses-based log file viewer
ccze	a robust log colorizer
zcat	expand and concatenate data (gz)
bzcat	decompresses files to stdout (bz2)
xzcat	decompresses files to stdout (xz, lzma)
less	opposite of more
zless	file perusal filter for crt viewing of compressed text
bzless	file perusal filter for crt viewing of bzip2
most	browse or page through a text file
more	file perusal filter for viewing
zmore	file perusal filter for crt viewing of compressed text
bzmore	file perusal filter for crt viewing of bzip2
pg	browse pagewise through text files

Editors

Command	Description
mcedit	internal file editor of gnu midnight commander
vi	text editor
vim	text editor
cream	set of macros making vim easier to use for beginners
emacs	gnu project emacs text editor
nano	a small and friendly text editor
jed	programmers editor
aee	another easy editor
diakonos	a customizable, usable console-based text editor
pico	simple text editor in the style of the alpine composer
zile	zile is lossy emacs

Text Utilities

Command	Description
truncate	shrink/extend the size of a file to the specified size
head	output the first 10 lines of file
tail	output the last 10 lines of file
multitail	browse through several files at once
since	display content of a file since the last time
split	split a file into fixed-size pieces
lxsplit	a simple tool for splitting and joining split files
nl	number lines of files
wc	print newline, word, and byte counts for each file
ex	text editor
ed	the standard text editor
red	line-oriented text editor
edbrowse	text editor and web browser
look	display lines beginning with a given string
grep	search files for lines of text matching a pattern
egrep	print lines matching a pattern (-e)
fgrep	search files for lines that match a fixed string (-f)
rgrep	print lines matching a pattern recursively (-r)
agrep	search a file for a string with approximate matching
sgrep	search a file for a structured pattern
zgrep	search compressed files for a regular expression
bzgrep	search bzip2 compressed files for a regular expression
ack	ack-grep is designed as a replacement for grep
ag	the silver searcher - like ack, but faster
urlview	url extractor/launcher (see urlscan for mails)
awk	pattern scanning and processing language
gawk	pattern scanning and processing language
mawk	pattern scanning and processing language
sed	stream editor for filtering and transforming text
psed	a stream editor
a2p	awk to perl translator
s2p	sed to perl translator
cut	extract columns from files
join	join lines of two files on a common field
combine	combine lines from two files using boolean operations
column	columnate lists
colrm	remove columns from a file
rs	reshape a data array
csplit	split a file into context-determined pieces
paste	append/merge columns
tr	translate, squeeze or delete characters
sort	sort lines of text files
msort	sort records in complex ways
tsort	perform topological sort
shuf	write a random permutation of the input lines to stdout
unsort	reorder lines in a file in semirandom ways
tac	concatenate and print files in reverse
rev	reverse characters of lines in file or files
uniq	report or omit repeated lines
tee	copy stdin to a file and to stdout simultaneously
multitee	send multiple inputs to multiple outputs
pr	convert text files for printing
fmt	optimally reformat text
par	filter for reformatting paragraphs
fold	wrap each input line to fit in specified width
expand	convert tabs to spaces
unexpand	convert spaces to tabs
uchardet	universalchardet (Universal Charset Detector)
recode	converts files between character sets
iconv	convert encoding of given files
unaccent	remove accents from input stream or a string
sq	squeeze a sorted word list
unsq	unsqueeze a sorted word list
csvtool	tool for performing manipulations on csv files
xmlstarlet	command line xml/xslt toolkit

Print

Command	Description
lp	send files to a printer
lpr	print files
lpq	show printer queue status
lpstat	print cups status information
lprm	remove print jobs
lpmove	move a job or all jobs to a new destination
cancel	cancel cups print jobs
lpc	line printer control program
ink	tool for checking the ink level of your printers
lpadmin	configure cups printers and classes
lpoptions	display or set cups printer options and defaults
cupsaccept	accept jobs sent to a destination
cupsreject	reject jobs sent to a destination
cupsdisable	stop printers and classes
cupsenable	start printers and classes
paperconfig	configure the system default paper size

Compression

Command	Description
dtrx	cleanly extract many archive types
atool	a script for managing file archives of various types
patool	portable archive file manager
gitunpack	gnu interactive tools - unified archive unpacking
ar	create, modify, and extract from archives
tar	the gnu version of the tar archiving utility
cpio	copy files to and from archives
7z	a file archiver with highest compression ratio
gzip	compress files (gnu zip)
pigz	parallel compress files (gnu zip)
bzip2	a block-sorting file compressor
lz	provides a listing of a tar.gz archive
gunzip	expand files (gnu zip)
unpigz	parallel decompress files (gnu zip)
bunzip2	a block-sorting file decompressor
gzexe	compress executable files in place
bzexe	compress executable files in place
compress	compress and expand data
pbzip2	parallel bzip2 file compressor
lzip	reduces the size of files
pax	portable archive interchange
rar	archive files with compression
unrar	extract files from rar archives
compress	compress data
uncompress	expand files
shar	create shell archives
unshar	unpack a shar file
unace	extract, test and view ace archives
uuencode	encode a binary file
uudecode	decode a file created by uuencode
base64	encode/decode data and print to standard output
xz	compress or decompress xz and lzma files
lzma	lzma compression and decompression tool
lzma2	lzma compression and decompression tool
zoo	manipulate archives of files in compressed form
pxz	parallel lzma compressor compatible with xz
zip	compress files (windows zip)
cabextract	extract files from microsoft cabinet (cab)
zrun	automatically uncompress arguments to command

Encryption

Command	Description
gpg	openpgp encryption and signing tool
gpgv	verify openpgp signatures
crypt	encrypt or decrypt files (wrapper for mcrypt)
mcrypt	encrypt files, several algorythms
bcrypt	blowfish file encryption
ccrypt	encrypt and decrypt using rijndael block cipher (aes)
scrypt	encrypt or decrypt files
aespipe	aes encrypting or decrypting pipe
openssl	openssl command line tool
enc	symmetric cipher routines
stunnel	universal ssl tunnel
cryptcat	twofish encryption enabled version of nc
rsyncrypto	rsync friendly encryption
encfs	mounts or creates an encrypted virtual filesystem
encfsctl	administrative tool for working with encfs filesystems
stegdetect	finds image files with steganographic content
stegbreak	launches brute-force dictionary attacks on jpg image
steghide	a steganography program

Backup

Command	Description
mt	control magnetic tape drive operation
dump	ext2/3/4 filesystem backup
restore	restore files or filesystem from backups made with dump
tar	read write tape archives
par2	par 2.0 compatible file verification and repair tool
unison	user level file-synchronization tool
rsync	a fast, versatile, remote (and local) file-copying tool
rsyncrypto	rsync friendly encryption
duplicity	encrypted incremental backup to local or remote storage
backup-manager	an easy to use backup tool for your linux box
rdist	remote file distribution client program
rdup	generate a file list suitable for making backups
tarsnap	manipulate remote encrypted backups
vbackup	a modular backup program
venti	client for sha1-addressed block storage server
bbackupctl	control the box backup client daemon

CD/DVD/BluRay

Command	Description
mkisofs	create an hybrid iso9660 joliet hfs filesystem
genisoimage	create iso9660/joliet/hfs filesystem
growisofs	combined frontend to cd/dvd/bluray recording program
cdw	frontend to cdrecord/mkisofs/growisofs and other tools
cdrdao	reads and writes cds in disc-at-once mode
cdrecord	burn a cd
xorriso	creates and manipulates iso filesystem with rockridge
bchunk	cd image format conversion from bin/cue to iso/cdr
burn	record from various sources to optical media (cd, dvd)
mp3burn	burn audio cds from mp3, ogg vorbis, or flac files
bashburn	a bash script cd burner writer
mybashburn	burn data cds/dvds and create mp3/ogg/flac
dvdauthor	assembles multiple mpeg into a suitable dvd filesystem
cdparanoia	cdda reading tool with extra data verification features
abcde	a better cd encoder, grabs cd to ogg/speex/mp3/flac/etc
crip	a terminal-based ripper/encoder/tagger tool
jack	rip and encode cds with one command
cdda2ogg	extract audio cd audio tracks and encode them in ogg
cdda2mp3	extract audio cd audio tracks and encode them in mp3
ripit	make flac/ogg/mp3/m4a/aac/als/mp4/mpc/wv/etc from cd
ocp	open cubic music player
cdcd	command driven cd player
cplay	a front-end for various audio players
mcdp	a small cdplayer for linux
workbone	interactive text-mode program for playing audio cd
cdctrl	command line cdrom control
cdeject	ejects the current compact disc
cdclose	closes the cdrom tray
cdir	lists infos about the currently loaded audio cd
cdinfo	print out the audiostatus (playing, etc)
cdpause	pauses/resumes the currently playing compact disc
cdplay	plays the compact disc
cdstop	stops the compact disc
cdvolume	sets the output volume level of the cd player (0-255)
cdshuffle	plays the audio tracks on the disc in random order
cdadd	add information for a new cd to .cdtooldb
cdown	query cddb database for info on a disc

Numbers and Math

Command	Description
qalc	powerful and easy to use command line calculator
bc	an arbitrary precision calculator language
dc	an arbitrary precision calculator
calc	arbitrary precision calculator
mathomatic	a computer algebra system
wcalc	a natural-expression command-line calculator
numfmt	convert numbers from/to human-readable strings
rax2	convert between (signed) int, float, oct, bin and hex
units	convert units from one scale to another
numgrep	the numeric equivilent of the grep utility
numprocess	this program mutates numbers as it encounters them
numsum	take the first numbers on stdin and return the sum
numaverage	find the average of a set of numbers
numbound	find boundary numbers in files or stdin
numnormalize	normalize a set of numbers, by default between 0 and 1
numinterval	show the numeric intervals between each line in a file
numround	rounds off numbers it encounters.
seq	print a sequence of numbers
numrange	print out a range of numbers for use in for loops
jot	print sequential or random data
ent	pseudorandom number sequence test
numrandom	print out a random number
factor	factor numbers
primes	display all primes (primes.pl)
primes.6	generate primes
sc	spreadsheet calculator
gnuplot	an interactive plotting program
maxima	common lisp version of macsyma symbolic mathematics
octave	matlab like language for numerical computations
R	a language for data analysis and graphics

Date and Time

Command	Description
date	print or set the system date and time
cal	displays a calendar and the date of easter
ncal	cal with an alternative layout
gcal	a program for calculating and printing calendars
gcalcli	google calendar command line interface
ddate	convert gregorian dates to discordian dates
pcal	generate postscript or html calendars
saydate	audio date/uptime check
saytime	audio time check

Schedule

Command	Description
sleep	wait for some time
watch	execute a program periodically, showing output
chronic	runs a command quietly unless it fails
wait	await process completion
flock	manage locks from shell scripts
lckdo	run a program with a lock held
shush	run a command and optionally report its output by mail
inotifywait	wait for changes to files using inotify
entr	run arbitrary commands when files change
fsniper	watch directories and apply rules to created files
timeout	run a command with a time limit
crontab	maintain crontab files for individual users
at	executes commands at a specified time
atq	lists the user pending jobs
atrm	remove jobs fom the later execution queue
batch	executes commands when system load levels permit

Office

Command	Description
wordgrinder	console-based word processor
antiword	show the text and images of ms word documents
abook	text-based address book program
hnb	hierarchical notebook
worklog	keeping track of time spent on different projects
tpp	text presentation program
xsw	slide show presentation tool
ledger	command-line accounting
sc	spreadsheet calculator
slsc	s-langauge port of the sc spreadsheet
teapot	table editor and planner
oleo	the gnu spreadsheet program
ssconvert	a command line spreadsheet format converter
ssindex	generate index data for spreadsheet files
ssgrep	search spreadsheets for strings
ssdiff	compare two spreadsheets
dbview	view dbase 3 files
gv	postscript and pdf viewer
xdvi	dvi previewer for the x window system

For note-taking, you might also want to have a look at:

Spelling

Command	Description
spell	check spelling in batch
aspell	check spelling interactively
ispell	check spelling in batch or interactively
goldendict	a feature-rich dictionary lookup program
dict	dict protocol client
sdcv	console version of stardict program
aiksaurus	english-language thesaurus
wtf	translates acronyms for you
an	anagram generator
wordplay	anagram finder

Publishing

Command	Description
gs	ghostscript, a postscript and pdf interpreter/previewer
fbgs	postscript/pdf viewer for the framebuffer console
latex	structured text formatting and typesetting
tex	text formatting and typesetting
etex	extended tex
latexdiff	determine and markup differences between two latex files
latexmk	generate latex document
dblatex	convert docbook to latex, dvi, postscript, and pdf
psselect	select pages from a postscript file
mf	metafont, a language for font and logo design
pdftex	pdf output from tex
mutool	all purpose tool for dealing with pdf files
pdfjam	a shell script for manipulating pdf files
pdftk	a handy tool for manipulating pdf
pdfunite	pdf page merger
pdffonts	pdf font analyzer
pdfimages	pdf image extractor
pdfinfo	pdf document information extractor
pdfseparate	pdf page extractor
pdftocairo	pdf to png/jpeg/pdf/ps/eps/svg using cairo
pdftohtml	program to convert pdf files into html, xml and png
pdftoppm	pdf to portable pixmap (ppm) converter
pdftops	pdf to postscript converter
pdftotext	pdf to text converter
diffpdf	compare two pdf files textually or visually

Task Managers

Command	Description
task	taskwarrior, a command line todo manager
tudu	command line hierarchical todo list
remind	a sophisticated reminder service
wyrd	front-end to remind
gcalcli	google calendar command line interface
calcurse	text-based organizer
pal	calendar with events
when	a minimalistic personal calendar program
devtodo	a reminder/task program aimed at developers
tdl	to do list manager
todo.sh	minimal, todo.txt focused task manager
w2do	a simple text-based todo manager
yokadi	commandline todo system
episoder	tv show reminder from epguides.com and thetvdb.com

Conversion

Command	Description
dos2unix	dos/mac to unix text file format converter
isutf8	check whether files are valid utf-8
iconv	convert encoding of given files
recode	converts files between character sets
utf8tolatin1	reads utf-8 encoded text and writes latin1
groff	front-end for the groff document formatting system
troff	the troff processor of the groff text formatting system
nroff	emulate nroff command with groff
deroff	remove roff and preprocessor constructs
eqn	format equations for troff or mathml
neqn	format equations for ascii output
tbl	format tables for troff
col	filter reverse line feeds from input
catdvi	dvi to plain text converter
gv	postscript and pdf viewer
odt2txt	a simple converter from opendocument text to plain text
o3read	dump of an openoffice.org document parse tree
o3tohtml	convert files in openoffice.org format to html
o3totxt	convert files in openoffice.org format to text
catdoc	outputs word doc file content as plain text
docx2txt	convert microsoft ooxml files to plain text
abiword	flexible word processor documents converter
antiword	show the text and images of ms word documents
xls2csv	output ms-excel file as comma-separated values
xlsx2csv	convert xslx xml files to csv format
xlhtml	convert excel xls files to html
ssconvert	spreadsheet format converter (gnumeric)
ppthtml	convert powerpoint ppt files to html
stx2any	converter from structured text to multiple formats
pandoc	general markup converter
unhtml	strip the html formatting
html2text	an advanced html-to-text converter
html2markdown	converts html to markdown-formatted text
asciidoc	converts an asciidoc text file to html or docbook
markdown	convert markdown syntax to (x)html
ttm	tex/latex to mathml converter
txt2tags	text formatting and conversion tool
txt2man	convert flat ascii text to man page format
txt2html	convert plain text file to html
textfmt	convert ascii text to postscript for facsimile
txt2pdbdoc	text to doc file converter for palm pilots
img2txt	convert images to various text-based coloured files
cacaview	ascii image browser
asciiview	a high quality ascii art image viewer
gnuhtml2latex	html to latex converter
csv2latex	convert a csv file into a latex document
sgml2latex	create latex, dvi, ps or pdf output from an sgml file
chm2pdf	a tool convert chm to pdf format
unoconv	convert documents from/to libreoffice format
jodconverter	import/export documents using the libreoffice filters
ps2ascii	ghostscript translator from postscript or pdf to ascii
ps2pdf	convert postscript to pdf using ghostscript
vilistextum	html to ascii converter
wvWare	convert msword documents
rst2pdf	convert restructuredtext documents to pdf

ASCII Art

Command	Description
figlet	display text with an ascii art charset
toilet	display large colourful characters
cowsay	configurable speaking/thinking cow (and a bit more)
cadubi	creative ascii drawing utility
lolcat	rainbow coloring for text
cacaview	ascii image browser
asciiview	a high quality ascii art image viewer
linux_logo	color ansi penguin logo with system information
screenfetch	the bash screenshot information tool

Images

Command	Description
fbi	framebuffer imageviewer
fim	fbi (linux framebuffer imageviewer) improved
findimagedupes	finds visually similar or duplicate images
identify	describes the format and characteristics of images
fbgrab	takes a screenshot using the framebuffer device
gifsicle	manipulates gif images and animations
pngcrush	optimizes, or modifies, png files
optipng	advanced optimization program for
gm	graphicsmagick is a set of tools to manipulate images
convert	convert/resize/blur/crop/despeckle/dither/etc image
mogrify	inplace convert/edit/resize/blur/crop/etc an image
icotool	convert and create win32 icon and cursor files
rdjpgcom	display text comments from a jpeg file
wrjpgcom	insert text comments into a jpeg file
cjpeg	compress an image file to a jpeg file
djpeg	decompress a jpeg file to an image file
jpegtran	lossless transformation of jpeg files
jp2a	convert jpeg images to ascii
exif	shows exif information in jpeg files
exiftool	read and write meta information in media files
exiftran	transform/rotate digital camera jpeg images
exifcom	set/display user comment tag contained in a jpeg exif
exiftags	output the properties contained in a jpeg exif section
exiftime	display/adjust the date and time exif tags
exifprobe	probe and report exif structure and metadata content
exifgrep	select and reformat the output of exifprobe
jhead	digicam jpeg exif header manipulation tool
gle	graphics layout engine
simple-scan	scanning utility
scanimage	scan an image
gocr	command line text recognition tool
tesseract	command-line ocr engine
album	themable html photo album generator
gphotofs	filesystem to mount digital cameras
qrencode	encode data in a qr code as a png or eps image

Vector Graphics

Command	Description
dot	filter for drawing directed graphs
neato	filter for drawing undirected graphs
twopi	filter for radial layouts of graphs
circo	filter for circular layout of graphs
fdp	filter for drawing undirected graphs
sfdp	filter for drawing large undirected graphs
patchwork	filter for tree maps
asy	asymptote: a script-based vector graphics language
inkscape	svg (scalable vector graphics) editing program
rasterizer	svg conversion to png, jpeg and pdf
potrace	transform bitmaps into vector graphics

3D

Command	Description
aqsis	aqsis renderer adhering to the renderman standard
povray	the persistence of vision ray tracer

Videos

Command	Description
mplayer	video/audio player/streamer
mencoder	video decoding, encoding and filtering tool
vlc	video lan client, a media player/streamer/transcoder
xine	a free video player
xine-remote	a small tool to connect xine remote control server
avplay	avplay media player
avconv	avconv video converter
avprobe	avprobe media prober
avidemux	a free video editor
mpgtx	manipulate mpeg files
mplex	mpeg 1/2 program/system stream multiplexer
ffmpeg	ffmpeg video converter
mediainfo	display information about audio/video files
imdb	calls any of the imdb functions
imdb-get	looks up imdb data for a film
imdb-link	links films based on their genre
imdb-rename	renames files based on their title
imdb-fxd	creates fxd files from the imdb cache for freevo
imdb-update-cache	updates the imdb cache for a given directory

Audio and Music

Command	Description
mplayer	video/audio player/streamer
vlc	video lan client, a media player/streamer/transcoder
sox	the swiss army knife of audio manipulation
oggenc	encode audio into the ogg vorbis format
flac	encoding, decoding, testing and analyzing flac streams
lame	create mp3 audio files
mediainfo	display information about audio/video files
exfalso	tag editor for mp3/ogg/flac/musepack/wavpack/mod/xm/it
id3	id3 tag editor
id3v2	add/change/remove/view id3v2 tags, converts/lists id3v1
id3tool	a command line editor for id3 tags
id3ed	edit id3 description tags in mpeg3 files
mussort	sort music files into folders

Audio Players

Command	Description
mplayer	video/audio player/streamer
vlc	video lan client, a media player/streamer/transcoder
ocp	open cubic music player
mpc	program for controlling music player daemon (mpd)
ncmpc	curses music player daemon (mpd) client
audtty	control audacious from cli with a ncurses interface
xmms2	command-line interface to the xmms2 daemon
cmus	curse music player
moosic	a command-line client for the moosic jukebox system
play	sox invoked as play outputs to the default sound device
bplay	buffered sound playing
ogg123	plays ogg vorbis files
mpg123	play audio mpeg 1.0/2.0/2.5 stream (layers 1, 2 and 3)
mpg321	simple and lightweight command line mp3 player
splay	mpeg-1,2 audio layer 1,2,3 file player
madplay	decode and play mpeg audio stream(s)
audiopreview	play audio, video, and internet media streams
herrie	interactive music playlist player
mp3blaster	an interactive text-console based mp3 player
mocp	console audio player
mpc123	your handy musepack audio player
orpheus	text mode menu and window-driven audio player
pytone	music jukebox for your audio files
yauap	audio player based on the gstreamer framework
mikmod	play soundtracker modules on a unix machine
xmp	extended module player
cdcd	command driven cd player
cplay	a front-end for various audio players
mcdp	a small cdplayer for linux
workbone	interactive text-mode program for playing audio cd
shell-fm	console-based player for last.fm radio streams

Audio Editing

Command	Description
sox	the swiss army knife of audio manipulation
ecasound	sample editor, multitrack recorder, fx-processor, etc
rec	sox invoked as rec set default sound device as input
brec	buffered sound recording
snd	a sound editor
gramofile	sample and process analog recordings
quelcom	command line editing tools for mp3 and wav files
qmp3check	check and clean mp3 streams
qmp3cut	extract, delete parts of a mp3 file
cutmp3	a fast and leightweight mp3 editor
fadecut	rip audiostreams, cut, fade in/out and tag audiofiles
qmp3info	show info from mp3 files
arename	automatically rename audio files by tagging information
qmp3join	join mp3 files
qmp3report	report mp3 files and directories
qwavinfo	show info from wav files
qwavjoin	join wav files
qwavcut	extract, delete parts of a wav file
qwavsilence	detect and shrink silence sequences in wav files
qwavfade	fade in/out wav files
qwavheaderdump	dump and fix wav headers
normalize-audio	adjusts volume levels of audio files

Midi

Command	Description
timidity	midi-to-wave converter and player
pmidi	midi file player for alsa
playmidi	full-featured midi player using the voxware driver
arecordmidi	record standard midi files
abc2midi	converts abc file to midi
midi2abc	program to convert midi format files to abc notation
abcm2ps	translate abc music notation to postscript or svg

Text to Speech

Command	Description
espeak	a multi-lingual software speech synthesizer
festival	a text-to-speech system
saydate	audio date/uptime check
saytime	audio time check

Games

Command	Description
adventure	an exploration game
nethack	exploring the mazes of menace
slashem	exploring the mazes of menace
rogue	exploring the dungeons of doom
crawl	the roguelike game of crawl
battlestar	a tropical adventure game
phantasia	an interterminal fantasy game
wump	hunt the wumpus in an underground cave
bastet	tetris(r) clone with "bastard" block-choosing ai
pytris	two players console tetris game
tetris-bsd	the game of tetris
greed	eat a game field until you run out of moves
moon-buggy	drive some car across the moon
ninvaders	ncurses version of space invaders
overkill	bloody 2d action deathmatch-like game in ascii-art
worm	play the growing worm game
snake	display chase game
atc	air traffic controller game
robots	fight off villainous robots
hunt	a multi-player multi-terminal game
wargames	shall we play a game?
canfield	the solitaire card game canfield
cribbage	the card game cribbage
mille	play mille bornes
monop	monopoly game
backgammon	the game of backgammon
sail	multi-user wooden ships and iron men
trek	trekkie game
boggle	word search game
hangman	computer version of the game hangman
gtypist	typing tutor for different keyboards and languages
arithmetic	quiz on simple arithmetic
quiz	random knowledge tests
fortune	print a random, hopefully interesting, adage
display-dhammapada	display a verse from the dhammapada

Screensavers

Command	Description
cmatrix	simulates the display from the matrix movie
rain	animated raindrops display
tty-clock	a terminal digital clock
binclock	prints time in binary format

Other

Command	Description
echo	display a line of text
printf	format and print data
getopt	parse command options
expect	automate applications accessed over a terminal
expr	evaluate expressions
yes	output a string repeatedly until killed
true	do nothing, successfully
false	do nothing, unsuccessfully
ifetch	image collection tool for ip cameras of ifetch-tools
rig	random identity generator
pwgen	generate pronounceable passwords
makepasswd	generate and/or encrypt passwords
pwsafe	password database utility
gringotts	secure password and data storage manager
clamscan	scan files and directories for viruses
llines	lifelines genealogy program, gedcom format

X Windows

Command	Description
xinput	utility to configure and test x input devices
xvidtune	adjust x server origin and size
xcalib	tiny monitor calibration loader for x
xev	x event viewer
setxkbmap	set the keyboard using the x keyboard extension
xmodmap	set/modify keymaps and pointer button mappings in x
xhost	server access control program for x
xsetroot	root window parameter setting utility for x
import	window/screenshot
xset	user preference utility for x
xrdb	x server resource database utility
appres	list x application resource database
listres	list resources in widgets
editres	a dynamic resource editor for x toolkit applications
xlsfonts	server font list displayer for x
xfontsel	point and click selection of x11 font names
xfd	display all the characters in an x font
fc-scan	scan font files or directories
fc-cache	build font information cache files
fc-cat	read font information cache files
fc-list	list available fonts
fc-query	query font files
fc-match	match available fonts
fc-pattern	parse and show pattern
mimeopen	open files by mimetype
xdg-open	opens a file or url in the user preferred application
exo-open	open urls and launch preferred applications (xfce)
gnome-open	open files and urls using the gnome file handlers
dmenu	dynamic menu, manages huge numbers defined menu items
notify-send	a program to send desktop notifications
xmessage	display a message/query in a window (x-based /bin/echo)
dialog	display curses dialog boxes from shell scripts
kdialog	show kde dialog boxes from shell scripts
zenity	display gtk+ dialogs
osd_cat	x on-screen file displayer
xclip	command line interface to x selections (clipboard)
xclipboard	x clipboard client
devilspie	perform actions on windows as they are created
xdotool	command-line x11 automation tool
xnee	records, replays x11 data on multiple displays
xbindkeys	grab key and mouse events in x and starts shell commands
xte	generates fake input using the xtest extension
x2x	use keyboard and mouse from an x display on antoher x
wmctrl	interact with a ewmh/netwm compatible x window manager
xtrlock	lock X display until password supplied
dbus-send	send a message to a desktop bus
dbus-monitor	debug probe to print desktop bus messages
qdbus	a communication-interface for qt-based applications
xrandr	primitive command line interface to randr extension
xprop	property displayer for x
xdpyinfo	display information utility for x
xwininfo	window information utility for x
xdriinfo	query configuration information of dri drivers
xvinfo	print out x-video extension adaptor information
glxinfo	show information about the glx implementation
Xvfb	virtual framebuffer x server without the hardware
trash	trash utility compliant with freedesktop.org
trash-list	list trashed files
trash-restore	restore for command line trash utility
trash-empty	empty for command line trash utility
xmag	magnify parts of the screen

Funny

Command	Description
axe	tools to improve network performance via snip
baby	create new process from two parents
bosskill	send a signal to your boss, or terminate your boss
c	genericised softdrink generator (coffee, coke etc)
celibacy	don't have sex
chainsaw	tools to improve network performance via snip
chastise	library function to punish users
condom	protects against viruses and child processes
ctluser	control lusers
cutter	tools to improve network performance via snip
egrope	massage a file for a while
fgrope	massage a file for a while
flame	reply to usenet news posting automatically
flog	speed up a process
gong	evaluate process performance
grope	massage a file for a while
guru	system administration
knife	tools to improve network performance via snip
lart	luser attitude readjustment tool
luser	process to control the clueless individuals
normality	defines types of normality different users may have
nuke	launch nuclear weapons at mapped usenet sites
party	set os responses mode
people	fetch a list of all ttys behaving like a human
pmsd	periodically manic system daemon
rescrog	change something, make it different
rtfm	a response for easy questions from clueless lusers
sex	have sex
slave	a semi-interactive command for the dirty work
strfry	string operation
sysadmin	responsible for everything imaginable
think	you dont have to think, computers can think for you
tm	meditate
uubp	unix-to-unix beer protocol
whack	mangle requests to a printer or damage a printer
xkill	kill processes or users, including usenet poster
xlart	interactive x interface to rlart

zsoltika/Cliref.md

Content

Other Documentation

Local directories

On the Web

Manpages Sections on various platforms

Getting Help

Interesting Pages

Shells

Terminal Tools

Setup

System

Kernel

Init and Runlevels

Hardware

Filesystem Tools

Quotas

Processes

Performances

User Management

User Information

Environment

Security Context

Development

Debugging

Revision Control

Database

Network

Wireless

Network Monitor

Network Tunnels

Network Scan

Network Capture

Network Filesystems

Network Apps

Modem/Fax/GSM

Network File Transfer

Browser

RSS Reader

Podcast

Chat

EMail

Newsgroups

Websites

Directories

Files

Pipes

File Attributes

File Find

File Compare

Binary Information

File Managers

Viewers

Editors

Text Utilities

Print

Compression

Encryption

Backup

CD/DVD/BluRay

Numbers and Math

Date and Time

Schedule

Office

Spelling

Publishing

Task Managers

Conversion

ASCII Art

Images

Vector Graphics

3D

Videos

Audio and Music

Audio Players

Audio Editing

Midi

Text to Speech

Games

Screensavers