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Event Latency Scaled
1 CPU cycle 0.3 ns 1 s
Level 1 cache access 0.9 ns 3 s
Level 2 cache access 2.8 ns 9 s
Level 3 cache access 12.9 ns 43 s
Main memory access (DRAM, from CPU) 120 ns 6 min
Solid-state disk I/O (flash memory) 50-150 us 2-6 days
Rotational disk I/O 1-10 ms 1-12 months
Internet: San Francisco to New York 40 ms 4 years
Internet: San Francisco to United Kingdom 81 ms 8 years