Adoption of test-optional admissions policies over time

test-optional.R

library(tidyverse)
library(magrittr)
library(pdftools)

# get a timeline of movement to test optional from fairtest.org
# url accessed on 30 Jun 2022
optl <- pdf_text(pdf = "https://www.fairtest.org/sites/default/files/Optional-Growth-Chronology.pdf") %>% str_split('\n')
optdf <- list()
for (i in seq(1:18)) {
    print(length(optl[[i]]))
    if (i==1) {
        temp <- optl[[i]] %>% as_tibble %>% 
                              separate(value, c("year","univ"), sep=20) %>%
                              filter(!row_number() %in% c(1,2,3,4,5,6,60)) %>%
                              separate(univ, c("univ","detail"), sep="[\\(\\{]")
        optdf <- bind_rows(optdf,temp)
        temp  <- NULL
    }
    if (i==2) {
        temp <- optl[[i]] %>% as_tibble %>%
            separate(value, c("year","univ"), sep=4) %>%
            filter(univ!="") %>%
            separate(univ, c("univ","detail"), sep="[\\(\\{]")
        optdf <- bind_rows(optdf,temp)
        temp  <- NULL
    }
    if (i %in% c(13,15,16,17)) {
        temp <- optl[[i]] %>% as_tibble %>%
            separate(value, c("year","univ"), sep=21) %>%
            filter(univ!="") %>%
            separate(univ, c("univ","detail"), sep="[\\(\\{]")
        optdf <- bind_rows(optdf,temp)
        temp  <- NULL
    }
    if (i %in% c(14,18)) {
        temp <- optl[[i]] %>% as_tibble %>%
            separate(value, c("year","univ"), sep=19) %>%
            filter(univ!="") %>%
            separate(univ, c("univ","detail"), sep="[\\(\\{]")
        optdf <- bind_rows(optdf,temp)
        temp  <- NULL
    }
    if (i %in% seq(3,12)) {
        temp <- optl[[i]] %>% as_tibble %>% 
            mutate(year = "") %>%
            select(year,univ=value) %>%
            filter(univ!="") %>%
            separate(univ, c("univ","detail"), sep="[\\(\\{]")
        optdf <- bind_rows(optdf,temp)
        temp  <- NULL
    }
}
# clean up univ names
optdf %<>% mutate(univ = str_trim(univ, side="both"))
optdf %<>% mutate(univ = str_replace_all(univ, "'","'"))
optdf %<>% mutate(univ = str_replace_all(univ,"\U00E9","e"))
optdf %<>% mutate(univ = str_replace_all(univ,"\U2011","-"))
optdf %<>% mutate(univ = str_replace_all(univ,"\U2012","-"))
optdf %<>% mutate(univ = str_replace_all(univ,"\U2013","-"))
optdf %<>% mutate(univ = str_replace_all(univ,"\U2014","-"))
optdf %<>% mutate(univ = str_replace_all(univ,"\U2015","-"))
optdf %<>% mutate(univ = str_replace_all(univ,"\U201C",'"'))
optdf %<>% mutate(univ = str_replace_all(univ,"\U201D",'"'))
optdf %<>% mutate(univ = str_replace_all(univ,"\U2018","'"))
optdf %<>% mutate(univ = str_replace_all(univ,"\U2019","'"))
optdf %<>% mutate(detail = replace(detail, univ=="Catholic University Test Blind","Test blind; previously test optional)"))
optdf %<>% mutate(univ   = replace(univ,   univ=="Catholic University Test Blind","The Catholic University of America"))
optdf %<>% mutate(detail = replace(detail, univ=='Loyola University New Orleans -- "Test Blind"','Test blind)'))
optdf %<>% mutate(univ   = replace(univ,   univ=='Loyola University New Orleans -- "Test Blind"','Loyola University New Orleans'))
optdf %<>% mutate(univ   = replace(univ,   univ=='Indiana University -- Kokomo','Indiana University Kokomo'))
optdf %<>% mutate(univ   = replace(univ,   univ=='University of Minnesota-Crookston','University of Minnesota - Crookston'))
optl <- NULL
temp <- NULL

# clean up years
optdf %<>% mutate(year = str_replace_all(year," ",""))
optdf %<>% mutate(year = str_replace_all(year,"`",""))
optdf %<>% mutate(year = str_replace_all(year,"\U2011","-"))
optdf %<>% mutate(year = str_replace_all(year,"\U2012","-"))
optdf %<>% mutate(year = str_replace_all(year,"\U2013","-"))
optdf %<>% mutate(year = str_replace_all(year,"\U2014","-"))
optdf %<>% mutate(across(c("year"), ~na_if(., "")))
optdf %<>% fill(year)
optdf %<>% mutate(year = replace(year,year=="Spring2022","Fall2021"))
optdf %<>% mutate(year = replace(year,year=="Spring2020-","Fall2021"))
optdf %<>% mutate(year = str_replace_all(year,"Winter[0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][-]","Winter"))
optdf %<>% separate(year,c("season","year"), sep=-4)
optdf %<>% mutate(year = as.numeric(year))

# clean up details
# GPA requirement to qualify for test optional
optdf %<>% mutate(GPAreq = str_detect(detail,"GPA"))
optdf %<>% mutate(GPAreq = replace(GPAreq,is.na(GPAreq),FALSE))
optdf %<>% mutate(GPAcut = str_match_all(detail,"[0-9]\\.[0-9]+"))
optdf %<>% mutate(detail = str_replace_all(detail,"[0-9]\\.[0-9]+",""))
optdf %<>% mutate(detail = str_replace_all(detail,"[0-9][0-9]\\%",""))
optdf %<>% mutate(detail = str_replace_all(detail,"3-year pilot",""))
optdf %<>% mutate(GPAcut = as.numeric(GPAcut))
# test flexible
optdf %<>% mutate(flexible = FALSE)
# test optional
optdf %<>% mutate(optional = TRUE)
# test blind
optdf %<>% mutate(blind = str_detect(detail,"est [Bb]lind"))
optdf %<>% mutate(optional = replace(optional,blind==TRUE,FALSE))
# years policy active (2021-)
optdf %<>% mutate(yr_range = str_match_all(detail,"[0-9]+"))
optdf %<>% mutate(yr_start = NA_real_, yr_end = NA_real_)
for (i in 1:nrow(optdf)) {
    if ( (optdf$season[i]=="Fall") & (optdf$year[i]=="2021") ) {
        optdf$yr_start[i] <- optdf$yr_range[i][[1]] %>% min
        optdf$yr_end[i] <- optdf$yr_range[i][[1]] %>% max
        if (is.na(optdf$detail[i])) {
            optdf$yr_start[i] <- 2021
            optdf$yr_end[i] <- 2029
        }
        if (is.na(optdf$yr_range[i][[1]][1])) {
            optdf$yr_start[i] <- 2021
            optdf$yr_end[i] <- 2029
        }
    }
}
optdf %<>% mutate(yr_start = replace(yr_start,yr_start>2021,2021))
optdf %<>% select(-yr_range)

# any remaining NAs in yr_start or yr_end are resp. current yr and indefinitely
optdf %<>% mutate(yr_start = replace(yr_start,is.na(yr_start),year[is.na(yr_start)]))
optdf %<>% mutate(yr_end   = replace(yr_end,is.na(yr_end),2029))
optdf %<>% mutate(yr_start = as.numeric(yr_start))
optdf %<>% mutate(yr_end   = as.numeric(yr_end))

# replace NAs in test blind with FALSE
optdf %<>% mutate(blind = replace_na(blind,FALSE))

# hand input IPEDS numbers so one can eventually merge with IPEDS data
# this code was generated by a VLOOKUP in Excel
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = NA_real_)
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Abilene Christian University' & year==2021, 222178))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Abraham Baldwin Agricultural College' & year==2021, 138558))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Adams State University' & year==2021, 126182))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Adelphi University' & year==2021, 188429))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Adrian College' & year==2021, 168528))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Agnes Scott College' & year==2009, 138600))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Alabama State University' & year==2021, 100724))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Alaska Pacific University' & year==2021, 102669))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences' & year==2021, 188526))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Albany State University' & year==2021, 138716))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Albertus Magnus College' & year==2019, 128498))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Albion College' & year==2021, 168546))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Albright College' & year==2008, 210571))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Alderson Broaddus University' & year==2021, 237118))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Alfred University' & year==2021, 188641))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Alice Lloyd College' & year==2021, 156189))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Allegheny College' & year==2015, 210669))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Alma College' & year==2019, 168591))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Alvernia University' & year==2021, 210775))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Alverno College' & year==2021, 238193))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='American International College' & year==2016, 164447))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='American University' & year==2010, 131159))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='American University' & year==2009, 131159))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Amherst College' & year==2021, 164465))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Anderson University' & year==2021, 150066))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Anderson University South Carolina' & year==2021, 217633))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Angelo State University' & year==2021, 222831))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Anna Maria College' & year==2011, 164492))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Appalachian State University' & year==2021, 197869))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Aquinas College MI' & year==2021, 168786))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Arcadia University' & year==2021, 211088))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Arizona Christian University' & year==2021, 105899))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Arkansas State University' & year==2021, 106458))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Art Academy of Cincinnati' & year==2021, 201061))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Asbury University' & year==2018, 156213))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Ashland University' & year==2021, 201104))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Assumption College' & year==2009, 164562))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Auburn University' & year==2021, 100858))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Auburn University at Montgomery' & year==2021, 100830))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Augsburg University' & year==2021, 173045))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Augsburg University' & year==2018, 173045))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Augusta University' & year==2021, 482149))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Augustana College' & year==2007, 143084))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Augustana University' & year==2019, 219000))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Aurora University' & year==2021, 143118))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Austin College' & year==2016, 222983))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Austin Peay State University' & year==2021, 219602))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Avila University' & year==2021, 176628))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Azuza Pacific University' & year==2018, 109785))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Babson College' & year==2021, 164580))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Baker University' & year==2021, 154688))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Baldwin-Wallace College' & year==2008, 201195))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Ball State University' & year==2018, 150136))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Barnard College' & year==2021, 189097))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Barry University' & year==2021, 132471))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Barton College' & year==2021, 197911))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Baruch College' & year==2021, 190512))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Bay Path University' & year==2015, 164632))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Baylor University' & year==2021, 223232))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Bellin College' & year==2021, 238324))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Bellmarine University' & year==2020, 156286))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Belmont Abbey College' & year==2008, 197984))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Belmont University' & year==2021, 219709))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Beloit College' & year==2014, 238333))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Benedictine College KS' & year==2021, 154712))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Benedictine University Mesa' & year==2021, 145619))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Bennington College' & year==2006, 230816))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Bentley University' & year==2021, 164739))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Berea College' & year==2021, 156295))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Berry College' & year==2021, 139144))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Bethel University' & year==2021, 150145))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Biola University' & year==2021, 110097))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Birmingham-Southern College' & year==2016, 100937))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Blackburn College' & year==2021, 143288))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Bloomfield College' & year==2017, 183822))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Bloomsburg University of Pennsylvania' & year==2021, 211158))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Bluffton University' & year==2021, 201371))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Boise State University' & year==2021, 142115))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Boston College' & year==2021, 164924))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Boston University' & year==2021, 164988))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Bowie State University' & year==2021, 162007))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Bowling Green State University' & year==2021, 201441))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Bradley University' & year==2021, 143358))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Brandeis University' & year==2013, 165015))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Brenau University' & year==2016, 139199))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Brescia University' & year==2021, 156356))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Brevard College' & year==2014, 198066))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Brewton Parker College' & year==2021, 139205))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Briar Cliff University' & year==2021, 152992))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Bridgewater College' & year==2021, 231581))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Bridgewater State University' & year==2018, 165024))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Bridgewater State University' & year==2016, 165024))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Brigham Young University' & year==2021, 230038))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Brooklyn College' & year==2021, 190549))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Brown University' & year==2021, 217156))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Bryant University' & year==2011, 217165))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Bryn Athyn College' & year==2021, 210492))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Bryn Mawr' & year==2009, 211273))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Bryn Mawr College' & year==2014, 211273))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Bucknell University' & year==2019, 211291))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Buena Vista University' & year==2021, 153001))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Bushnell University' & year==2021, 209409))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Butler University' & year==2021, 150163))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Cabrini College' & year==2015, 211352))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Caldwell University' & year==2021, 183910))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='California Baptist University' & year==2021, 110361))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='California Institute of Technology' & year==2021, 110404))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='California Lutheran University' & year==2021, 110413))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='California Polytechnic State University, Humboldt' & year==2021, 115755))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='California State University Fresno' & year==2021, 110556))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='California State University, Chico' & year==2021, 110538))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='California State University, Dominguez Hills' & year==2021, 110547))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='California State University, East Bay' & year==2021, 110574))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='California State University, Fullerton' & year==2021, 110565))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='California State University, Long Beach' & year==2021, 110583))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='California State University, Los Angeles' & year==2021, 110592))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='California State University, Maritime Academy' & year==2021, 111188))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='California State University, Monterey Bay' & year==2021, 409698))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='California State University, Northridge' & year==2021, 110608))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='California State University, Sacramento' & year==2021, 110617))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='California State University, San Bernardino' & year==2021, 110510))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='California State University, San Marcos' & year==2021, 366711))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='California State University, Stanislaus' & year==2021, 110495))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='California University of Pennsylvania' & year==2021, 211361))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Calvin University' & year==2021, 169080))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Campbell University' & year==2021, 198136))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Canisius College' & year==2021, 189705))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Capitol University' & year==2021, 162061))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Carleton College' & year==2021, 173258))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Carlow University' & year==2021, 211431))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Carnegie Mellon University' & year==2021, 211440))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Carroll College' & year==2019, 180106))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Carroll University' & year==2021, 238458))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Carson-Newman University' & year==2021, 219806))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Carthage College' & year==2016, 238476))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Case Western Reserve University' & year==2020, 201645))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Castleton University' & year==2021, 230834))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Catawba College' & year==2013, 198215))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='The Catholic University of America' & year==2021, 131283))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Cedar Crest College' & year==2021, 211468))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Cedarville University' & year==2021, 201654))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Centenary College of Louisiana' & year==2021, 158477))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Centenary University' & year==2021, 183974))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Central College' & year==2021, 153108))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Central Connecticut State University' & year==2021, 128771))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Central Michigan University' & year==2021, 169248))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Central Washington University' & year==2021, 234827))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Centre College' & year==2021, 156408))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Chaminade University' & year==2020, 141486))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Champlain College' & year==2018, 230852))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Champlain College' & year==2018, 230852))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Chapman University' & year==2020, 111948))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Chatham College' & year==2005, 211556))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Chestnut Hill College' & year==2021, 211583))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Cheyney University' & year==2021, 211608))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Chicago State University' & year==2021, 144005))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Chowan University' & year==2021, 198303))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Christian Brothers University' & year==2021, 219833))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Christopher Newport University' & year==2007, 231712))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='City College of New York' & year==2021, 190567))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Claremont McKenna College' & year==2021, 112260))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Clarion University of Pennsylvania' & year==2021, 211644))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Clark Atlanta University' & year==2021, 138947))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Clark University' & year==2011, 165334))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Clarke University' & year==2021, 153126))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Clarkson College' & year==2021, 180832))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Clarkson University' & year==2021, 190044))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Clayton State University' & year==2021, 139311))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Clemson University' & year==2021, 217882))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Cleveland State University' & year==2021, 202134))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Coastal Carolina University' & year==2021, 218724))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Coe College' & year==2021, 153144))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Colby College' & year==2018, 161086))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Colby College' & year==2009, 161086))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Colgate University' & year==2021, 190099))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='College for Creative Studies' & year==2019, 169442))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='College of Charleston' & year==2021, 217819))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='College of Idaho' & year==2015, 142294))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='College of Saint Benedict' & year==2021, 174747))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='College of Saint Rose' & year==2012, 195234))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='College of St. Elizabeth' & year==2017, 186618))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='College of St. Scholastica' & year==2018, 174899))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='College of Staten Island' & year==2021, 190558))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='College of William & Mary' & year==2021, 231624))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='College of Wooster' & year==2021, 206589))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Colorado Christian University' & year==2021, 126669))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Colorado College' & year==2019, 126678))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Colorado College' & year==2010, 126678))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Colorado Mesa University' & year==2021, 127556))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Colorado School of Mines' & year==2021, 126775))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Colorado State University Fort Collins' & year==2021, 126818))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Colorado State University Pueblo' & year==2021, 128106))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Columbia University' & year==2021, 190150))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Columbus College of Art & Design' & year==2014, 202170))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Columbus State University' & year==2021, 139366))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Concord University' & year==2021, 237330))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Concordia College' & year==2021, 173300))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Concordia College' & year==2016, 190248))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Concordia University Chicago' & year==2021, 144351))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Concordia University Irvine' & year==2021, 112075))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Concordia University Nebraska' & year==2021, 180984))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Concordia University Texas' & year==2021, 224004))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Concordia University, St. Paul' & year==2018, 173328))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Connecticut College' & year==2009, 128902))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Converse College' & year==2019, 217961))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Coppin State University' & year==2021, 162283))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Cornell College' & year==2015, 153162))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Cornell University' & year==2021, 190415))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Cornerstone University' & year==2021, 170037))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Cottey College' & year==2021, 177117))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Covenant College' & year==2021, 139393))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Creighton University' & year==2019, 181002))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Crown College' & year==2021, 174862))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=="D'Youville College" & year==2020, 190716))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Dakota Wesleyan University' & year==2021, 219091))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Dallas Baptist University' & year==2021, 224226))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Dalton State College' & year==2021, 139463))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Dartmouth College' & year==2021, 182670))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Davidson College' & year==2021, 198385))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Davis & Elkins College' & year==2021, 237358))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Dean College' & year==2015, 165574))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Defiance College' & year==2021, 202514))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Delaware Valley University' & year==2019, 211981))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Denison University' & year==2007, 202523))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='DePaul University' & year==2011, 144740))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='DePauw University' & year==2019, 150400))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Dickinson College' & year==2021, 212009))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Dickinson State University' & year==2021, 200059))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Dillard University' & year==2021, 158802))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Doane University' & year==2016, 181020))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Dominican College' & year==2017, 190761))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Dominican University' & year==2021, 148496))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Dominican University' & year==2021, 148496))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Dominican University of California' & year==2019, 113698))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Dordt University' & year==2021, 153250))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Drake University' & year==2015, 153269))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Drew University' & year==2005, 184348))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Drexel University' & year==2021, 212054))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Drury University' & year==2021, 177214))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Duke University' & year==2021, 198419))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Duquesne University' & year==2014, 212106))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Earlham College' & year==2011, 150455))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='East Carolina University' & year==2021, 198464))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='East Stroudsburg University of Pennsylvania' & year==2016, 212115))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Eastern Connecticut State University' & year==2014, 129215))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Eastern Illinois University' & year==2021, 144892))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Eastern Kentucky University' & year==2021, 156620))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Eastern Mennonite University' & year==2021, 232043))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Eastern Michigan University' & year==2021, 169798))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Eastern Nazarene College' & year==2021, 165644))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Eastern University' & year==2018, 212133))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Eastern Washington University' & year==2021, 235097))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Eckerd College' & year==2021, 133492))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Edgewood College' & year==2021, 238661))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Edinboro University' & year==2021, 212160))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Edward Waters College' & year==2021, 133526))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Elizabeth City State University' & year==2021, 198507))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Elizabethtown College' & year==2021, 212197))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Elmhurst University' & year==2021, 144962))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Elmira College' & year==2015, 190983))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Elon University' & year==2021, 198516))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Emerson College' & year==2017, 165662))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Emmanuel College' & year==2014, 165671))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Emmanuel College GA' & year==2021, 139630))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Emory & Henry College' & year==2021, 232025))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Emory University' & year==2021, 139658))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Evangel University' & year==2018, 177339))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Evergreen State College' & year==2019, 235167))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Fairfield University' & year==2009, 129242))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Fairleigh Dickinson University' & year==2019, 184603))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Fairmont State University' & year==2021, 237367))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Faulkner University' & year==2021, 101189))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Fayetteville State University' & year==2021, 198543))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Felician University' & year==2021, 184612))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Ferris State University' & year==2019, 169910))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Finlandia University' & year==2019, 172440))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Fisher College' & year==2021, 165802))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Fisk University' & year==2021, 220181))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Fitchburg State University' & year==2017, 165820))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Flagler College' & year==2018, 133711))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Florida Southern College' & year==2021, 134079))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Fordham University' & year==2021, 191241))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Fort Lewis College' & year==2021, 127185))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Fort Valley State University' & year==2021, 139719))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Framingham State University' & year==2018, 165866))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Franciscan University' & year==2021, 205957))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Franklin & Marshall College' & year==2006, 212577))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Franklin College' & year==2021, 150604))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Franklin Pierce University' & year==2015, 182795))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Fresno Pacific University' & year==2021, 114813))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Frostburg State University' & year==2021, 162584))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Gallaudet University' & year==2021, 131450))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Gannon University' & year==2021, 212601))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Gardner-Webb University' & year==2021, 198561))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='George Fox University' & year==2021, 208822))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='George Mason University' & year==2006, 232186))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='George Washington University' & year==2015, 131469))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Georgetown College' & year==2021, 156745))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Georgetown University' & year==2021, 131496))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Georgia College & State University' & year==2021, 139861))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Georgia Institute of Technology' & year==2021, 139755))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Georgia Southern University' & year==2021, 139931))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Georgia Southwestern State University' & year==2021, 139764))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Georgia State University' & year==2021, 139940))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Georgian Court University' & year==2021, 184773))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Gettysburg College' & year==2006, 212674))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Gonzaga University' & year==2021, 235316))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Gordon College' & year==2021, 165936))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Gordon State College' & year==2021, 139968))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Goshen College' & year==2021, 150668))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Goucher College' & year==2007, 162654))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Governors State University' & year==2021, 145336))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Grace College and Seminary' & year==2021, 150677))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Grand Valley State University' & year==2021, 170082))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Greensboro College' & year==2021, 198598))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Greenville University' & year==2021, 145372))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Grinnell College' & year==2021, 153384))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Grove City College' & year==2021, 212805))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Gustavus Adolphus College' & year==2006, 173647))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Gwynedd Mercy University' & year==2021, 212832))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Hamilton College' & year==2021, 191515))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Hamline University' & year==2020, 173665))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Hampden-Sydney College' & year==2021, 232256))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Hampshire College' & year==2014, 166018))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Hanover College' & year==2017, 150756))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Hardin Simmons University' & year==2019, 225247))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Harding University' & year==2021, 107044))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Harvard College' & year==2021, 166027))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Harvey Mudd College' & year==2021, 115409))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Hastings College' & year==2021, 181127))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Haverford College' & year==2021, 212911))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=="Hawai'i Pacific University" & year==2021, 141644))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Heidelberg University' & year==2021, 203085))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Henderson State University' & year==2021, 107071))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Hendrix College' & year==2019, 107080))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='High Point University' & year==2017, 198695))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Hillsdale College' & year==2021, 170286))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Hiram College' & year==2016, 203128))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Hobart & William Smith Colleges' & year==2006, 191630))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Hofstra University' & year==2014, 191649))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Hollins University' & year==2021, 232308))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Holy Cross College' & year==2021, 150774))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Holy Names University' & year==2021, 115728))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Hood College' & year==2013, 162760))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Hope College' & year==2021, 170301))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Houghton College' & year==2017, 191676))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Houston Baptist University' & year==2021, 225399))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Howard Payne University' & year==2021, 225548))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Howard University' & year==2021, 131520))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Hunter College' & year==2021, 190594))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Husson University' & year==2021, 487524))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Illinois College' & year==2009, 145691))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Illinois Institute of Technology' & year==2021, 145725))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Illinois State University' & year==2021, 145813))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Illinois Wesleyan University' & year==2021, 145646))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Immaculata University' & year==2017, 213011))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Indiana State University' & year==2019, 151324))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis' & year==2020, 151111))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Indiana University - Bloomington' & year==2020, 151351))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Indiana University East' & year==2021, 151388))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Indiana University Kokomo' & year==2021, 151333))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Indiana University Northwest' & year==2021, 151360))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Indiana University of Pennsylvania' & year==2021, 213020))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Indiana University South Bend' & year==2021, 151342))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Indiana University Southeast' & year==2021, 151379))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Indiana Wesleyan University' & year==2021, 151801))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Iowa State University' & year==2021, 153603))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Iowa Wesleyan University' & year==2021, 153621))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Ithaca College' & year==2012, 191968))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Jackson State University' & year==2021, 175856))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Jacksonville State University' & year==2021, 101480))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='James Madison University' & year==2017, 232423))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Jarvis Christian College' & year==2021, 225885))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='John Brown University' & year==2021, 107141))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='John Carroll University' & year==2021, 203368))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='John Jay College of Criminal Justice' & year==2021, 190600))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Johns Hopkins University' & year==2021, 162928))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Kalamazoo College' & year==2015, 170532))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Kean University' & year==2019, 185262))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Kennesaw State University' & year==2021, 486840))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Kent State University' & year==2021, 203517))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Kent State University Ashtabula' & year==2021, 203447))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Kentucky Wesleyan College' & year==2021, 157076))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Kenyon College' & year==2021, 203535))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Kettering University' & year==2021, 169983))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Keuka College' & year==2007, 192192))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Keystone College' & year==2016, 213303))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='King University' & year==2016, 220516))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=="King's College" & year==2006, 213321))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Knox College' & year==2005, 146427))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Kutztown University' & year==2021, 213349))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Kuyper College' & year==2021, 171881))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='La Roche University' & year==2021, 213358))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Lafayette College' & year==2021, 213385))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Lake Erie College' & year==2015, 203580))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Lake Forest College' & year==2006, 146481))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Lake Superior State University' & year==2021, 170639))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Lakeland University' & year==2021, 238980))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Lamar University' & year==2021, 226091))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Lander University' & year==2021, 218229))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Lane College' & year==2021, 220598))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='LaSalle University' & year==2021, 213367))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Lasell College' & year==2016, 166391))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Lawrence Technological University' & year==2021, 170675))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Lawrence University' & year==2005, 239017))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Le Moyne College' & year==2015, 192323))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Lebanon Valley College' & year==2006, 213507))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Lees-McRae College' & year==2012, 198808))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Lehigh University' & year==2021, 213543))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Lehman College' & year==2021, 190637))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Lesley University' & year==2019, 166452))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Lewis University' & year==2021, 146612))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Liberty University' & year==2021, 232557))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Life Pacific University' & year==2021, 117104))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Lincoln Memorial University' & year==2021, 220631))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Lincoln University PA' & year==2021, 213598))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Lindenwood University' & year==2018, 177968))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Linfield College' & year==2018, 209065))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Lipscomb University' & year==2021, 219976))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Lock Haven University of PA' & year==2021, 213613))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Longwood University' & year==2021, 232566))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Loras College' & year==2021, 153825))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Louisiana State University' & year==2021, 159391))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Louisiana Tech University' & year==2021, 159647))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Lourdes University' & year==2020, 203757))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Loyola Marymount University' & year==2021, 117946))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Loyola University Chicago' & year==2021, 146719))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Loyola University Maryland' & year==2009, 163046))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Loyola University New Orleans' & year==2021, 159656))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Luther College' & year==2021, 153834))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Lycoming College' & year==2021, 213668))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Lynn University' & year==2013, 132657))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Lyon College' & year==2021, 106342))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Macalester College' & year==2021, 173902))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Madonna University' & year==2021, 170806))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Maine Maritime Academy' & year==2021, 161299))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Manchester University' & year==2016, 151777))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Manhattan College' & year==2021, 192703))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Manhattanville College' & year==2010, 192749))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Manor College' & year==2021, 213774))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Marietta College' & year==2021, 203845))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Marist College' & year==2010, 192819))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Marquette University' & year==2019, 239105))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Mars Hill University' & year==2021, 198899))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Marshall University' & year==2021, 237525))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Mary Baldwin University' & year==2021, 232672))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Marymount Manhattan College' & year==2021, 192864))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Marymount University' & year==2021, 232706))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Marymount University' & year==2015, 232706))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Maryville College' & year==2021, 220710))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Marywood University' & year==2021, 213826))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Massachusetts College of Art and Design' & year==2016, 166674))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Massachusetts College of Liberal Arts' & year==2021, 167288))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Massachusetts Institute of Technology' & year==2021, 166683))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Massachusetts Maritime Academy' & year==2021, 166692))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='McMurry University' & year==2021, 226587))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='McPherson College' & year==2021, 155511))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Medgar Evers College' & year==2021, 190646))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Menlo College' & year==2018, 118693))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Mercer University' & year==2021, 140447))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Mercyhurst University' & year==2014, 213987))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Meredith College' & year==2021, 198950))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Merrimack College' & year==2007, 166850))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Messiah University' & year==2021, 213996))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Methodist University' & year==2021, 198969))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Metropolitan State University of Denver' & year==2021, 127565))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Miami University' & year==2021, 204024))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Michigan State University' & year==2021, 171100))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Michigan Technological University' & year==2021, 171128))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Mid-Atlantic Christian University' & year==2021, 199458))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='MidAmerica Nazarene University' & year==2016, 155520))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Middle Georgia State University' & year==2021, 482158))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Middlebury College' & year==2021, 230959))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Midway University' & year==2021, 157377))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Millersville University of Pennsylvania' & year==2014, 214041))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Milligan University' & year==2021, 486901))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Millikin University' & year==2021, 147244))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Mills College' & year==2016, 118888))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Millsaps College' & year==2021, 175980))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Milwaukee School of Engineering' & year==2021, 239318))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Minneapolis College of Art and Design' & year==2021, 174127))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Minnesota State University Mankato' & year==2021, 173920))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Minnesota State University Moorhead' & year==2021, 174358))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Misericordia University' & year==2021, 214069))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Mississippi College' & year==2021, 176053))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Missouri Baptist College' & year==2021, 178244))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Missouri State University' & year==2021, 179566))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Missouri University of Science and Technology' & year==2021, 178411))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Missouri Western State University' & year==2021, 178387))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Mitchell College' & year==2006, 129774))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Molloy University' & year==2021, 193292))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Monmouth College' & year==2019, 147341))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Monmouth University NJ' & year==2021, 185572))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Montana State University Billings' & year==2021, 180179))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Montana State University Northern' & year==2021, 180522))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Montana Technological University' & year==2021, 180416))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Montclair State University' & year==2014, 185590))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Moody Bible Institute' & year==2021, 147369))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Moravian College' & year==2019, 214157))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Morehead State University' & year==2021, 157386))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Morehouse College' & year==2021, 140553))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Morgan State University' & year==2021, 163453))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Morningside University' & year==2021, 154004))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Mount Mary University' & year==2021, 239390))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Mount Mercy University' & year==2021, 154013))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Mount Saint Mary College' & year==2021, 193353))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=="Mount Saint Mary's University Los Angeles" & year==2021, 11917301))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Mount St. Joseph University' & year==2021, 204200))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=="Mount St. Mary's University" & year==2019, 163462))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Mount Vernon Nazarene University' & year==2021, 204194))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Multnomah University' & year==2015, 209287))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Murray State University' & year==2021, 157401))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Muskingum University' & year==2021, 204264))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Nazareth College' & year==2006, 193584))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Nebraska Methodist College' & year==2021, 181297))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Neumann University' & year==2021, 214272))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='New Jersey City University' & year==2021, 185129))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='New Jersey Institute of Technology' & year==2021, 185828))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='New Mexico Tech' & year==2021, 187967))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='New York City College of Technology' & year==2021, 190655))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='New York Institute of Technology' & year==2021, 194091))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='New York University' & year==2021, 193900))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='New York University' & year==2009, 193900))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Newberry College' & year==2021, 218414))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Newman University' & year==2019, 155335))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Niagara University' & year==2017, 193973))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Nichols College' & year==2011, 167260))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Norfolk State University' & year==2021, 232937))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='North Carolina A&T State University' & year==2021, 199102))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='North Carolina Central University' & year==2021, 199157))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='North Carolina State University' & year==2021, 199193))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='North Carolina Wesleyan University' & year==2021, 199209))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='North Central University' & year==2021, 174437))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='North Dakota State University' & year==2021, 200332))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='North Park University' & year==2021, 147679))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Northeastern University' & year==2021, 167358))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Northern Illinois University' & year==2020, 147703))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Northern Kentucky University' & year==2021, 157447))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Northern Michigan University' & year==2021, 171456))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Northland College' & year==2016, 239512))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Northwest Missouri State University' & year==2021, 178624))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Northwest University' & year==2021, 236133))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Northwestern College' & year==2021, 154101))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Northwestern University' & year==2021, 147767))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Notre Dame College - Ohio' & year==2021, 204468))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Notre Dame of Maryland University' & year==2016, 163578))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Nova Southeastern University' & year==2021, 136215))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Nyack College' & year==2021, 194161))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Oakland University' & year==2021, 171571))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Oberlin College and Conservatory' & year==2021, 204501))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Occidental College' & year==2021, 120254))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Oglethorpe University' & year==2021, 140696))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Ohio Christian University' & year==2021, 201964))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Ohio Northern University' & year==2021, 204635))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Ohio State University' & year==2021, 204796))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Ohio University' & year==2021, 204857))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Ohio Wesleyan University' & year==2013, 204909))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Oklahoma City University' & year==2021, 207458))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Oklahoma State University - Stillwater' & year==2021, 207388))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Old Dominion University' & year==2014, 232982))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Olin College of Engineering' & year==2021, 441982))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Olivet College' & year==2021, 171599))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Oral Roberts University' & year==2021, 207582))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Oregon Institute of Technology' & year==2019, 209506))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Oregon State University' & year==2020, 209542))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Otterbein University' & year==2021, 204936))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Ouachita Baptist University' & year==2021, 107512))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Our Lady of the Lake University' & year==2021, 227331))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Pace University' & year==2019, 194310))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Pacific Lutheran University' & year==2018, 236230))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Pacific University' & year==2021, 209612))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Paine College' & year==2021, 140720))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Paul Quinn College' & year==2021, 227429))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=="Paul Smith's College" & year==2016, 194392))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Pennsylvania State University-Penn State Abington' & year==2021, 49576715))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Pennsylvania State University-Penn State Altoona' & year==2021, 49576705))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Pennsylvania State University-Penn State Beaver' & year==2021, 49576706))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Pennsylvania State University-Penn State Berks' & year==2021, 49576708))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Pennsylvania State University-Penn State Brandywine' & year==2021, 49576723))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Pennsylvania State University-Penn State DuBois' & year==2021, 49576709))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Pennsylvania State University-Penn State Erie-Behrend College' & year==2021, 49576707))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Pennsylvania State University-Penn State Fayette- Eberly' & year==2021, 49576710))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Pennsylvania State University-Penn State Greater Allegheny' & year==2021, 49576712))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Pennsylvania State University-Penn State Harrisburg' & year==2021, 49576722))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Pennsylvania State University-Penn State Hazleton' & year==2021, 49576711))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Pennsylvania State University-Penn State Lehigh Valley' & year==2021, 49576704))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Pennsylvania State University-Penn State Mont Alto' & year==2021, 49576713))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Pennsylvania State University-Penn State New Kensington' & year==2021, 49576714))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Pennsylvania State University-Penn State Schuylkill' & year==2021, 49576716))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Pennsylvania State University-Penn State Scranton' & year==2021, 49576717))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Pennsylvania State University-Penn State Shenango' & year==2021, 49576718))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Pennsylvania State University-Penn State Wilkes-Barre' & year==2021, 49576719))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Pennsylvania State University-Penn State York' & year==2021, 49576720))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Pennsylvania State University-University Park' & year==2021, 495767))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Pennsylvania State University-World Campus' & year==2021, 49576702))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Pepperdine University' & year==2021, 121150))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Pine Manor College' & year==2015, 167455))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Pitzer College' & year==2021, 121257))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Plymouth State University' & year==2021, 183080))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Plymouth State University' & year==2014, 183080))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Point Loma Nazarene University' & year==2021, 121309))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Point Park University' & year==2015, 215442))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Pomona College' & year==2021, 121345))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Portland State University' & year==2021, 209807))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Pratt Institute' & year==2021, 194578))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Presbyterian College' & year==2013, 218539))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Prescott College' & year==2018, 105589))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Presentation College' & year==2021, 219295))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Princeton University' & year==2021, 186131))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Principia College' & year==2021, 148016))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Providence College' & year==2006, 217402))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Purdue University' & year==2021, 243780))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Purdue University Fort Wayne' & year==2021, 151102))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Purdue University Northwest' & year==2021, 490805))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Queens College' & year==2021, 190664))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Queens University of Charlotte' & year==2019, 199412))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Quincy University' & year==2020, 148131))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Quinnipiac University' & year==2016, 130226))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Radford University' & year==2015, 233277))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Ramapo College of New Jersey' & year==2021, 186201))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Randolph-Macon College' & year==2021, 233295))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Randolph College' & year==2021, 233301))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Reed College' & year==2021, 209922))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Regent University' & year==2021, 231651))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Regis College' & year==2013, 167598))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Regis University' & year==2021, 127918))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute' & year==2021, 194824))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Rhode Island School of Design' & year==2019, 217493))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Rhodes College' & year==2021, 221351))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Rice University' & year==2021, 227757))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Rider University' & year==2018, 186283))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Ripon College' & year==2016, 239628))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Rivier University' & year==2021, 183211))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Rivier University' & year==2015, 183211))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Roanoke College' & year==2019, 233426))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Roanoke College' & year==2015, 233426))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Robert Morris University' & year==2021, 215655))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Roberts Wesleyan University' & year==2018, 194958))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Rochester Institute of Technology' & year==2021, 195003))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Rochester University' & year==2021, 170967))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Rockford University' & year==2021, 148405))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Rockhurst University' & year==2019, 179043))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Rocky Mountain College' & year==2021, 180595))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Roger Williams University' & year==2012, 217518))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Rogers State University' & year==2021, 207661))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Rollins College' & year==2007, 136950))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology' & year==2021, 152318))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Rosemont College' & year==2018, 215691))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Rowan University' & year==2021, 184782))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Rowan University' & year==2014, 184782))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Rutgers University - Camden' & year==2021, 186371))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Rutgers University - New Brunswick' & year==2021, 186380))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Rutgers University - Newark' & year==2021, 186399))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Sacred Heart University' & year==2009, 130253))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Saint Augustine University' & year==2021, 199582))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Saint Francis University' & year==2021, 215743))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=="Saint John's University" & year==2021, 174792))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=="Saint Joseph's College" & year==2016, 160409))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=="Saint Joseph's College of Maine" & year==2021, 161518))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=="Saint Joseph's University" & year==2013, 215770))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=="Saint Martin's University" & year==2021, 236452))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=="Saint Mary's College of California" & year==2021, 123554))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=="Saint Mary's University of Minnesota" & year==2021, 174817))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Saint Xavier University' & year==2021, 148627))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Salem College' & year==2021, 199607))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Salem State University' & year==2015, 167729))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Salisbury University' & year==2006, 163851))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Salve Regina University' & year==2010, 217536))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Sam Houston State University' & year==2021, 227881))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Samford University' & year==2021, 102049))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='San Diego State University' & year==2021, 122409))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='San Francisco State University' & year==2021, 122597))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='San Jose State University' & year==2021, 122755))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Santa Clara University' & year==2021, 122931))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Sarah Lawrence College' & year==2005, 195304))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Savannah College of Art and Design' & year==2021, 140951))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Savannah State University' & year==2021, 140960))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='School of the Art Institute of Chicago' & year==2021, 143048))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Schreiner University' & year==2021, 228042))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Scripps College' & year==2021, 123165))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Seattle Pacific University' & year==2021, 236577))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Seton Hall University' & year==2021, 186584))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Sewanee-The University of the South' & year==2009, 221519))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Shaw University' & year==2021, 199643))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Shenandoah University' & year==2019, 233541))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Shepherds University' & year==2021, 237792))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Shippensburg University' & year==2021, 216010))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Siena College' & year==2015, 195474))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Siena Heights University' & year==2016, 172264))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Sierra Nevada University' & year==2021, 182458))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Simmons College' & year==2021, 461759))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Simmons University' & year==2021, 167783))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=="Simon's Rock College of Bard" & year==2007, 167792))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Simpson College' & year==2019, 154350))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Simpson University' & year==2021, 123457))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Skidmore College' & year==2016, 195526))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Slippery Rock University' & year==2021, 216038))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Smith College' & year==2008, 167835))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Snow College' & year==2021, 230597))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Soka University of America' & year==2021, 399911))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Sonoma State University' & year==2021, 123572))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='South Georgia State College' & year==2021, 482699))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Southern Adventist University' & year==2021, 221661))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Southern Arkansas University' & year==2021, 107983))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Southern Connecticut State University' & year==2021, 130493))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Southern Illinois University - Carbondale' & year==2019, 149222))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Southern Illinois University - Edwardsville' & year==2021, 149231))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Southern Methodist University' & year==2021, 228246))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Southern New Hampshire University' & year==2010, 183026))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Southern Utah University' & year==2021, 230603))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Southern Virginia University' & year==2021, 233611))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Southern Wesleyan University' & year==2021, 217776))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Southwestern University' & year==2019, 228343))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Spalding University' & year==2019, 157757))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Spartanburg Methodist College' & year==2021, 218821))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Spelman College' & year==2021, 141060))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Spring Arbor University' & year==2021, 172334))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Spring Hill College' & year==2019, 102234))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Springfield College' & year==2019, 167899))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='St. Ambrose University' & year==2021, 154235))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='St. Andrews University' & year==2021, 199698))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='St. Anselm College' & year==2010, 183239))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='St. Bonaventure University' & year==2020, 195164))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='St. Catherine University' & year==2021, 175005))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='St. Edwards University' & year==2021, 227845))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='St. John Fisher College' & year==2021, 195720))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=="St. John's University" & year==2016, 195809))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='St. Lawrence University' & year==2005, 195216))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='St. Leo College' & year==2011, 137032))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='St. Louis University' & year==2021, 179159))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=="St. Luke's College" & year==2021, 154262))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='St. Mary-of-the-Woods College' & year==2020, 152381))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=="St. Mary's College of Maryland" & year==2020, 163912))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=="St. Mary's College, Notre Dame" & year==2018, 152390))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=="St. Michael's College" & year==2010, 231059))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='St. Norbert College' & year==2021, 239716))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='St. Olaf College' & year==2021, 174844))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='St. Peters University' & year==2015, 186432))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='St. Thomas Aquinas College' & year==2021, 195243))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Stanford University' & year==2021, 243744))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='State University of New York' & year==2009, 196200))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Stephen F. Austin State Univ.' & year==2021, 228431))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Stephens College' & year==2021, 179548))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Sterling College' & year==2021, 155937))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Stevens Institute of Technology' & year==2021, 186867))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Stevenson University' & year==2021, 164173))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Stockton University' & year==2018, 186876))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Stonehill College' & year==2021, 167996))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Stonehill College' & year==2007, 167996))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Suffolk University' & year==2020, 168005))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='SUNY Alfred State College of Technology' & year==2021, 196006))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='SUNY Binghamton' & year==2021, 196079))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='SUNY Brockport' & year==2021, 196121))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='SUNY Buffalo State College' & year==2021, 196130))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='SUNY Cobleskill' & year==2021, 196033))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='SUNY College of Env. Science and Forestry' & year==2021, 196103))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='SUNY College of Technology Canton' & year==2021, 196015))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='SUNY Cortland' & year==2021, 196149))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='SUNY Delhi' & year==2021, 196024))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='SUNY Empire State College' & year==2021, 196264))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='SUNY Farmingdale State College' & year==2021, 196042))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='SUNY Fredonia' & year==2021, 196158))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='SUNY Geneseo' & year==2021, 196167))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='SUNY Maritime College' & year==2021, 196291))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='SUNY Morrisville' & year==2021, 196051))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='SUNY New Paltz' & year==2021, 196176))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='SUNY Old Westbury' & year==2021, 196237))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='SUNY Oneonta' & year==2021, 196185))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='SUNY Oswego' & year==2021, 196194))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='SUNY Plattsburg' & year==2021, 196246))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='SUNY Polytechnic Institute' & year==2021, 196112))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='SUNY Purchase College' & year==2017, 196219))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='SUNY Stony Brook' & year==2021, 196097))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='SUNY University at Albany' & year==2021, 196060))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='SUNY University at Buffalo' & year==2021, 196088))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='SUNY University at Buffalo' & year==2021, 196088))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Susquehanna University' & year==2005, 216278))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Swarthmore College' & year==2021, 216287))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Sweet Briar College' & year==2018, 233718))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Syracuse University' & year==2021, 196413))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Taylor University' & year==2021, 152530))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Temple University' & year==2014, 216339))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Tennessee State University' & year==2021, 221838))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Texas A&M University-College Station' & year==2021, 228723))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Texas Christian University' & year==2021, 228875))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Texas Lutheran University' & year==2021, 228981))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Texas Tech University' & year==2021, 229115))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Texas Wesleyan' & year==2021, 229160))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='The Catholic University of America' & year==2015, 131283))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='The Citadel' & year==2021, 217864))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='The College of New Jersey' & year==2021, 187134))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='The College of the Holy Cross' & year==2005, 166124))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='The Cooper Union' & year==2021, 190372))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=="The King's College" & year==2021, 454184))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='The Sage Colleges' & year==2010, 195128))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Thiel College' & year==2021, 216357))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Thomas College' & year==2014, 161563))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Thomas Jefferson University' & year==2021, 216366))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Thomas More University' & year==2021, 157809))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Towson University' & year==2021, 164076))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Transylvania University' & year==2015, 157818))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Trevecca Nazarene University' & year==2021, 221892))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Trine University' & year==2021, 152567))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Trinity Christian College' & year==2021, 149505))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Trinity College' & year==2015, 130590))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Trinity International University' & year==2021, 149514))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Trinity University' & year==2021, 229267))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Troy University' & year==2021, 102368))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Truman State University' & year==2021, 178615))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Tufts University' & year==2021, 168148))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Tulane University' & year==2021, 160755))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Tusculum University' & year==2021, 221953))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Tuskegee University' & year==2021, 102377))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Union College' & year==2006, 157863))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Union University TN' & year==2021, 221971))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='United States Military Academy' & year==2021, 197036))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='United States Naval Academy' & year==2021, 164155))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of Akron' & year==2021, 200800))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of Alabama' & year==2021, 100751))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of Alabama at Birmingham' & year==2021, 100663))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of Alabama at Huntsville' & year==2021, 100706))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of Alaska, Fairbanks' & year==2021, 102614))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of Arkansas' & year==2021, 106397))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of Baltimore' & year==2021, 161873))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of Bridgeport' & year==2019, 128744))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of California Berkeley' & year==2021, 110635))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of California Davis' & year==2021, 110644))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of California Irvine' & year==2021, 110653))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of California Los Angeles' & year==2021, 110662))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of California Merced' & year==2021, 445188))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of California Riverside' & year==2021, 110671))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of California San Diego' & year==2021, 110680))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of California Santa Barbara' & year==2021, 110705))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of California Santa Cruz' & year==2021, 110714))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of Central Arkansas' & year==2021, 106704))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of Central Missouri' & year==2021, 176965))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of Chicago' & year==2018, 144050))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of Cincinnati' & year==2021, 201885))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of Colorado - Boulder' & year==2021, 126614))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of Colorado - Colorado Springs' & year==2021, 126580))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of Colorado - Denver' & year==2021, 126562))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of Connecticut' & year==2021, 129020))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of Dallas' & year==2021, 224323))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of Dayton' & year==2021, 202480))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of Delaware' & year==2021, 130943))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of Delaware' & year==2016, 130943))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of Denver' & year==2019, 127060))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of Detroit Mercy' & year==2021, 169716))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of Dubuque' & year==2021, 153278))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of Evansville' & year==2017, 150534))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of Findlay' & year==2021, 202763))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of Georgia' & year==2021, 139959))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of Hartford' & year==2017, 129525))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of Hawaii' & year==2021, 141574))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of Health Sciences & Pharmacy' & year==2021, 179265))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of Idaho' & year==2021, 142285))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of Illinois - Chicago' & year==2021, 145600))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of Illinois - Springfield' & year==2021, 148654))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of Illinois - Urbana Champaign' & year==2021, 145637))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of Indianapolis' & year==2021, 151263))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of Iowa' & year==2021, 153658))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of Kansas' & year==2021, 155317))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of Kentucky' & year==2021, 157085))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of La Verne' & year==2019, 117140))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of Louisville' & year==2021, 157289))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of Lynchburg' & year==2021, 232609))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of Maine at Augusta' & year==2021, 161217))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of Maine at Farmington' & year==2021, 161226))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of Maine at Fort Kent' & year==2021, 161235))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of Maine at Machias' & year==2021, 161244))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of Maine at Presque Isle' & year==2021, 161341))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of Maine Orono' & year==2021, 161253))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of Mary' & year==2021, 200217))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of Mary Washington' & year==2015, 232681))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of Maryland - Eastern Shore' & year==2019, 163338))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of Maryland Baltimore County' & year==2021, 163268))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of Maryland College Park' & year==2021, 163286))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of Massachusetts -- Lowell' & year==2015, 166513))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of Massachusetts - Amherst' & year==2021, 166629))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of Massachusetts - Dartmouth' & year==2018, 167987))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of Memphis' & year==2021, 220862))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of Miami' & year==2021, 135726))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of Michigan - Dearborn' & year==2021, 171137))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of Michigan - Ann Arbor' & year==2021, 170976))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of Minnesota--Twin Cities' & year==2021, 174066))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of Minnesota - Crookston' & year==2021, 174075))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of Minnesota-Duluth' & year==2021, 174233))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of Minnesota-Morris' & year==2021, 174251))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of Minnesota-Rochester' & year==2021, 456959))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of Minnesota - Crookston' & year==2019, 174075))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of Mississippi' & year==2021, 176017))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of Missouri' & year==2021, 178396))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of Missouri - Kansas City' & year==2020, 178402))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of Missouri - St. Louis' & year==2021, 178420))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of Mobile' & year==2021, 101693))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of Montana Missoula' & year==2021, 180489))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of Montana Western' & year==2021, 180692))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of Montevallo' & year==2021, 101709))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of Mount Olive' & year==2021, 199069))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of Mount Union' & year==2021, 204185))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of Nebraska - Kearney, Lincoln & Omaha' & year==2020, 181464))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of New England' & year==2021, 161457))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of New England' & year==2018, 161457))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of New Hampshire' & year==2019, 183044))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of New Haven' & year==2019, 129941))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of New Mexico' & year==2021, 187985))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of North Alabama' & year==2021, 101879))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of North Carolina -- Asheville' & year==2021, 199111))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of North Carolina -- Chapel Hill' & year==2021, 199120))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of North Carolina -- Charlotte' & year==2021, 199139))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of North Carolina -- Greensboro' & year==2021, 199148))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of North Carolina -- Pembroke' & year==2021, 199281))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of North Carolina -- Wilmington' & year==2021, 199218))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of North Carolina School of Arts' & year==2021, 199184))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of North Dakota' & year==2021, 200280))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of North Georgia' & year==2021, 482680))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of Northern Colorado' & year==2021, 127741))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of Northern Iowa' & year==2021, 154095))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of Northwestern - St. Paul' & year==2021, 174491))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of Notre Dame' & year==2021, 152080))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of Oklahoma' & year==2021, 207500))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of Oregon' & year==2021, 209551))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of Pennsylvania' & year==2021, 215062))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of Pittsburgh' & year==2021, 215293))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of Pittsburgh-Bradford' & year==2021, 215266))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of Pittsburgh-Greensburg' & year==2021, 215275))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of Pittsburgh-Johnstown' & year==2021, 215284))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of Portland' & year==2021, 209825))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of Puget Sound' & year==2015, 236328))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of Redlands' & year==2020, 121691))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of Rhode Island' & year==2021, 217484))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of Richmond' & year==2021, 233374))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of Rochester' & year==2019, 195030))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of Rochester' & year==2012, 195030))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of Saint Joseph' & year==2021, 130314))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of Saint Joseph' & year==2015, 130314))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of San Diego' & year==2021, 122436))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of San Francisco' & year==2019, 122612))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of South Alabama' & year==2021, 102094))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of South Carolina-Upstate' & year==2021, 218742))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of South Carolina Aiken' & year==2021, 218645))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of South Carolina Beaufort' & year==2021, 218654))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of South Carolina Columbia' & year==2021, 218663))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of Southern California' & year==2021, 123961))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of Southern Indiana' & year==2021, 151306))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of Southern Maine' & year==2019, 161554))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of St. Francis' & year==2021, 148584))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of St. Thomas' & year==2020, 174914))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of St. Thomas' & year==2019, 174914))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of Tampa' & year==2021, 137847))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of Tenn. - Martin' & year==2021, 221768))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of Tenn. - Chattanooga' & year==2021, 221740))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of Tenn. - Knoxville' & year==2021, 221759))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of Texas-Arlington' & year==2021, 228769))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of Texas-Austin' & year==2021, 228778))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of Texas-Permian Basin' & year==2021, 229018))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of Texas-Tyler' & year==2021, 228802))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of the Cumberlands' & year==2021, 156541))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of the Incarnate Word' & year==2021, 225627))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of the Ozarks' & year==2017, 107558))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of the Sciences' & year==2021, 215132))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of Toledo' & year==2020, 206084))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of Tulsa' & year==2021, 207971))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of Utah' & year==2021, 230764))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of Vermont' & year==2021, 231174))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of Virginia' & year==2021, 234076))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of Virginia-Wise' & year==2021, 233897))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of Washington Bothell' & year==2021, 377555))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of Washington Seattle' & year==2021, 236948))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of Washington Tacoma' & year==2021, 377564))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of West Georgia' & year==2021, 141334))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of Western Kentucky' & year==2021, 157951))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of Wisconsin -- Madison' & year==2021, 240444))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of Wisconsin - Eau Claire' & year==2021, 240268))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of Wisconsin - Green Bay' & year==2021, 240277))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of Wisconsin - La Crosse' & year==2021, 240329))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee' & year==2021, 240453))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of Wisconsin - Oshkosh' & year==2021, 240365))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of Wisconsin - Parkside' & year==2021, 240374))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of Wisconsin - Platteville' & year==2021, 240462))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of Wisconsin - River Falls' & year==2021, 240471))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of Wisconsin - Stevens Point' & year==2021, 240480))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of Wisconsin - Stout' & year==2021, 240417))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of Wisconsin - Superior' & year==2021, 240426))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of Wisconsin - Whitewater' & year==2021, 240189))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='University of Wyoming' & year==2021, 240727))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Upper Iowa University' & year==2021, 154493))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Ursinus College' & year==2010, 216524))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Ursuline College' & year==2021, 206349))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Utah State University' & year==2021, 230728))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Valdosta State University' & year==2021, 141264))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Valley City State University' & year==2021, 200572))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Valparaiso University' & year==2021, 152600))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Vanderbilt University' & year==2021, 221999))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='VanderCook College of Music' & year==2021, 149639))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Vassar College' & year==2021, 197133))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Villanova University' & year==2021, 216597))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Virginia Commonwealth University' & year==2015, 234030))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Virginia Military Institute' & year==2021, 234085))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Virginia Polytechnic Institute' & year==2021, 233921))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Virginia Union University' & year==2021, 234164))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Virginia Wesleyan' & year==2010, 234173))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Viterbo University' & year==2021, 240107))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Wabash University' & year==2021, 152673))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Wagner College' & year==2010, 197197))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Wake Forest University' & year==2008, 199847))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Walsh University' & year==2015, 206437))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Warner Pacific University' & year==2021, 210304))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Warren Wilson College' & year==2015, 199865))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Wartburg College' & year==2021, 154527))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Washington & Jefferson College' & year==2009, 216667))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Washington and Lee University' & year==2021, 234207))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Washington College' & year==2007, 164216))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Washington State University' & year==2008, 236939))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Washington State University Spokane' & year==2021, 23693902))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Washington State University Tri-Cities' & year==2021, 23693903))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Washington State University Vancouver' & year==2021, 23693901))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Washington University in St. Louis' & year==2021, 179867))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Wayne State University' & year==2021, 172644))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Waynesburg University' & year==2021, 216694))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Webb Institute' & year==2021, 197221))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Webster University' & year==2021, 179894))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Wellesley College' & year==2021, 168218))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Wells College' & year==2016, 197230))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Wentworth Institute of Technology' & year==2019, 168227))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Wesleyan University' & year==2014, 130697))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='West Chester University of Pennsylvania' & year==2021, 216764))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='West Liberty University' & year==2021, 237932))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='West Virginia University' & year==2021, 238032))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='West Virginia Wesleyan College' & year==2021, 237969))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Western Carolina University' & year==2021, 200004))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Western Colorado University' & year==2021, 128391))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Western Illinois University' & year==2019, 149772))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Western Michigan University' & year==2021, 172699))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Western New England University' & year==2015, 168254))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Western Oregon University' & year==2016, 210429))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Western Washington University' & year==2021, 237011))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Westfield State University' & year==2021, 168263))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Westminster College MO' & year==2021, 179946))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Westminster College UT' & year==2021, 230807))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Wheaton College IL' & year==2021, 149781))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Wheeling University' & year==2021, 238078))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Whitman College' & year==2016, 237057))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Whittier College' & year==2016, 125763))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Whitworth College' & year==2007, 237066))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Widener University' & year==2021, 216852))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Wilkes University' & year==2021, 216931))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Willamette University' & year==2016, 210401))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='William Jewell College' & year==2012, 179955))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='William Paterson University of New Jersey' & year==2018, 187444))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='William Woods University' & year==2021, 179964))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Williams College' & year==2021, 168342))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Wilson College' & year==2007, 217013))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Wingate University' & year==2021, 199962))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Winston-Salem State University' & year==2021, 199999))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Winthrop University' & year==2021, 218964))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Wisconsin Lutheran College' & year==2021, 240338))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Wittenberg University' & year==2007, 206525))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Wofford College' & year==2017, 218973))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Worcester Polytechnic Institute' & year==2021, 168421))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Worcester Polytechnic Institute' & year==2007, 168421))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Worcester State University' & year==2017, 168430))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Wright State University' & year==2021, 206604))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Xavier University' & year==2019, 206622))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Yale University' & year==2021, 130794))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Yeshiva University' & year==2021, 197708))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='York College CUNY' & year==2021, 190691))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='York College of Pennsylvania' & year==2021, 217059))
optdf %<>% mutate(ipeds = replace(ipeds, univ=='Youngstown State University' & year==2021, 206695))


# build panel data set
optdf %<>% distinct(year, ipeds, yr_start, yr_end, .keep_all = TRUE)
optdf %<>% mutate(rn = row_number()) %>% arrange(univ,year)
optdf %<>% group_by(ipeds) %>% mutate(period = row_number(), max_period = max(period)) %>% ungroup

# hand fix earlier test policies (and year ranges) so that I can directly convert to "long" panel format
optdf %<>% filter(!(year==2010 & univ=="American University"))
optdf %<>% mutate(max_period = replace(max_period,univ=="American University",1))
optdf %<>% mutate(blind = replace(blind,year==2021 & univ=="Augsburg University",TRUE))
optdf %<>% mutate(optional = replace(optional,year==2021 & univ=="Augsburg University",FALSE))
optdf %<>% mutate(max_period = replace(max_period,univ=="Augsburg University",3))
optdf %<>% add_row(season="Fall",year=2023,univ="Augsburg University",detail=NA_character_,GPAreq=F,GPAcut=NA,flexible=F,optional=T,blind=F,yr_start=2023,yr_end=2029,ipeds=173045,rn=max(optdf$rn)+1,period=3,max_period=3)
optdf %<>% filter(!(year==2018 & univ=="Bridgewater State University"))
optdf %<>% mutate(max_period = replace(max_period,univ=="Bridgewater State University",1))
optdf %<>% mutate(optional = replace(optional,year==2009 & str_detect(univ,"Bryn Mawr"),FALSE))
optdf %<>% mutate(flexible = replace(flexible,year==2009 & str_detect(univ,"Bryn Mawr"),TRUE))
optdf %<>% filter(!(season=="Summer" & univ=="Champlain College"))
optdf %<>% mutate(max_period = replace(max_period,univ=="Champlain College",1))
optdf %<>% mutate(optional = replace(optional,year==2009 & univ=="Colby College",FALSE))
optdf %<>% mutate(flexible = replace(flexible,year==2009 & univ=="Colby College",TRUE))
optdf %<>% mutate(optional = replace(optional,year==2010 & univ=="Colorado College",FALSE))
optdf %<>% mutate(flexible = replace(flexible,year==2010 & univ=="Colorado College",TRUE))
optdf %<>% mutate(GPAreq  = replace(GPAreq,year==2021 & univ=="Marymount University",FALSE))
optdf %<>% mutate(optional = replace(optional,year==2009 & univ=="New York University",FALSE))
optdf %<>% mutate(flexible = replace(flexible,year==2009 & univ=="New York University",TRUE))
optdf %<>% mutate(max_period = replace(max_period,univ=="New York University",3))
optdf %<>% add_row(season="Fall",year=2023,univ="New York University",detail=NA_character_,GPAreq=F,GPAcut=NA,flexible=T,optional=F,blind=F,yr_start=2023,yr_end=2029,ipeds=193900,rn=max(optdf$rn)+2,period=3,max_period=3)
optdf %<>% filter(!(year==2021 & univ=="Rivier University"))
optdf %<>% mutate(max_period = replace(max_period,univ=="Rivier University",1))
optdf %<>% filter(!(year==2021 & univ=="Rowan University"))
optdf %<>% mutate(max_period = replace(max_period,univ=="Stonehill College",3))
optdf %<>% mutate(optional = replace(optional,year==2021 & univ=="Stonehill College",FALSE))
optdf %<>% mutate(blind = replace(blind,year==2021 & univ=="Stonehill College",TRUE))
optdf %<>% add_row(season="Fall",year=2022,univ="Stonehill College",detail=NA_character_,GPAreq=F,GPAcut=NA,flexible=F,optional=T,blind=F,yr_start=2022,yr_end=2029,ipeds=167996,rn=max(optdf$rn)+3,period=3,max_period=3)
optdf %<>% filter(!(year==2021 & univ=="University of Delaware"))
optdf %<>% mutate(blind = replace(blind,year==2021 & univ=="University of New England",TRUE))
optdf %<>% mutate(optional = replace(optional,year==2012 & univ=="University of Rochester",FALSE))
optdf %<>% mutate(flexible = replace(flexible,year==2012 & univ=="University of Rochester",TRUE))

# re-build panel data set after cleaning
optdf %<>% filter(!is.na(ipeds)) %>% 
           mutate(rn = NULL, period = NULL, max_period = NULL) %>% 
           arrange(ipeds,year)
optdf %<>% distinct(year, ipeds, yr_start, yr_end, .keep_all = TRUE)
optdf %<>% mutate(rn = row_number()) %>% arrange(univ,year)
optdf %<>% group_by(ipeds) %>% mutate(period = row_number(), max_period = max(period)) %>% ungroup


panel <- expand.grid(year = 2004:2029, 
                     ipeds = unique(optdf$ipeds), 
                     stringsAsFactors = FALSE) %>%
         relocate(ipeds,year) %>%
         mutate(rn = row_number(), flexible = F, optional = F, blind = F, GPAreq = F, GPAcut = NA_real_)
panel %<>% left_join(optdf %>% distinct(ipeds, .keep_all=TRUE) %>% select(ipeds,univ),by=c("ipeds")) %>% relocate(ipeds,univ,year)

for (i in 1:dim(panel)[1]) {
    tmpipeds <- panel$ipeds[i]
    tmpyr    <- panel$year[i]
    tmpuniv  <- panel$univ[i]
    for (j in 1:dim(optdf)[1]) {
        if ( (tmpipeds==optdf$ipeds[j]) && (tmpyr %in% seq(optdf$yr_start[j],optdf$yr_end[j])) ) {
            panel$flexible[i] <- optdf$flexible[j]
            panel$optional[i] <- optdf$optional[j]
            panel$blind[i]    <- optdf$blind[j]
            panel$GPAreq[i]   <- optdf$GPAreq[j]
            panel$GPAcut[i]   <- optdf$GPAcut[j]
        }
    }
}

by.year <- panel %>% 
           group_by(year) %>% 
           summarize(
                     num_flexible = sum(flexible),
                     num_optional = sum(optional),
                     num_blind = sum(blind),
                     num_GPAreq = sum(GPAreq)
                    ) %>%
           mutate(num_any = num_flexible+num_optional+num_blind,
                  pct_GPAreq = num_GPAreq/num_any*100) %>%
           ungroup

# line plots
g <- ggplot(data=by.year, aes(x=year, y=num_any)) +
     geom_line(color="navy",size=1.05)+
#     geom_point()+
    geom_vline(xintercept=2020.5) + 
    labs(title = "Frequency Test Flexible, Optional or Blind Over Time", x = "High School Graduating Class", y = "Number of 4-year Institutions", caption = "Data source: FairTest.org\n by @tyleransom", fill = NULL) + 
    theme_bw() +
    theme(plot.title = element_text(hjust = 0.5))
print(g)
ggsave("TestOptionalGraph.png", device = "png", width=7.75, height = 6, units = "in")

h <- ggplot(data=by.year, aes(x=year, y=num_blind)) +
    geom_line(color="navy",size=1.05) + 
    labs(title = "Frequency Test Blind Over Time", x = "High School Graduating Class", y = "Number of 4-year Institutions", caption = "Data source: FairTest.org\n by @tyleransom",  fill = NULL) + 
    theme_bw()+
    theme(plot.title = element_text(hjust = 0.5)) +
#    geom_point()+
    geom_vline(xintercept=2020.5)
print(h)
ggsave("TestBlindGraph.png", device = "png", width=7.75, height = 6, units = "in")