Semi-frequent git commands that I have to look up every time

git-tips.md

Git Tips

Push New Remote Branch

git push -u origin feature_branch_name

Checkout Remote Branch

git fetch
git checkout test

If that fails try:

git checkout -b test origin/test

Delete Remote Branch

This will only work if you have a local copy of the remote branch.

git push origin :feature-branch # Note the colon before the feature branch name.

Submodules

Recursively Checkout All Submodules to master

git submodule foreach --recursive git checkout master

Recursively Pull All Submodules

git submodule foreach git pull

Remove a Submodule

git submodule deinit submodule-name
git rm submodule-name
git rm --cached submodule-name
rm -rf .git/modules/submodule-name # Linux
rm -Rf .git/modules/submodule-name # OS X

Reset

Reset to Specific SHA Hash

git reset <hash>

This will preserve current state of files, but git will consider them modified.

Hard Reset to Specific SHA Hash

git reset --hard <hash>

Use with caution. You will lose all local modifications.

Hard Reset to State On a Specific Date and Time

git reset --hard master@{"2014-08-26 13:15"}

Use with caution. You will lose all local modifications.

Reset Local Branch and Discard All Unstaged Changes

git checkout -- .

Force local repo to exact state of remote

git fetch origin
git reset --hard origin/master

Force remote repo to exact state of local

git push --force origin [branch]

Use with EXTREME caution.

Tags

List Tags

git tag -l

Checkout A Specific Tag

git checkout tags/<tag_name>

Create An Annotated Tag

git tag -a v1.4 -m 'my version 1.4'

Create An Annotated Tag That Points to A Specific SHA Hash

git tag -a v1.2 -m 'version 1.2' <hash>

Push Tags

git push --tags

Push A Single Tag

git push origin <tag_name>

Delete A Tag

git tag -d release01 # Deletes it locally
git push origin :refs/tags/release01 # Deletes it remotely

Move A Tag To Another Commit

Delete the tag on any remote before you push

git push origin :refs/tags/<tagname>

Replace the tag to reference the most recent commit

git tag -fa <tagname>

Push the tag to the remote origin

git push origin master --tags

List Files in Conflict

Useful if a lot of files change, but only a few are in conflict. Sometimes the files in conflict are hard to find with a simple git log command.

git diff --name-only --diff-filter=U

Recover a Deleted File from History

If you know the file name and path:

file="path/to/file/file_name.py"
git checkout $(git rev-list -n 1 HEAD -- "$file")^ -- "$file"

Delete All Branches Already Merged Into master

git branch --merged master | grep -v "\* master" | xargs -n 1 git branch -d

Delete All Untracked Files

Do Dry Run First

git clean -f -n

Delete For Real (Use w/ Caution)

git clean -f

Delete and Recursively Delete Directories

git clean -f -d

Delete Ignored Files

git clean -f -X

Delete Ignored and Non-ignored Files

git clean -f -x

Restore a Deleted File

Find The File

git rev-list -n 1 HEAD -- path/to/filename

Then Check the File Out

git checkout deletingcommitid^ -- path/to/filename

Add All Files Except One

git add .
git reset -- path/to/file/that/will/not/get/added/file.txt

Amend/Edit/Fix The Last Commit Message

git commit --amend  # or
git commit --amend -m "New commit message."

See Commits Only Made In The Current Branch

Assuming the branch was created off master:

git log master..

Stash

Apply A Specific Stash

git stash apply stash@{n}

Name a stash

git stash save "guacamole sauce WIP"

Retrieve named stash

git stash apply stash^{/guacamo}

Stash untracked files

git stash -u

Clear all stashes

git stash clear

Diffs

Run A diff On A File From Another Branch

git diff mybranch master -- path/to/myfile.py

See Files Changed in Branches

Run this in the branch you want to compare:

git diff --name-only <branch-to-compare> // List of the changed files

For example, to compare the current branch to develop:

git diff --name-only develop

Or to choose two branches to compare:

git diff --name-only <branch-1> <branch-2>

Upstream Forks

Set another remote as upstream

git remote add upstream https://github.com/ORIGINAL_OWNER/ORIGINAL_REPOSITORY.git

Pull upstream

git pull upstream branch_name
git pull upstream master

Subtrees

Add a subtree to a project

git subtree add --prefix path/to/directory [email protected]:user/git-project.git master --squash

Update a subtree

git subtree pull -P path/to/directory --squash [email protected]:user/git-project.git master

Create a new repo from a directory in an existing project

1. Create a new repo
2. add the new repo as a remote: git remote add new_origin [email protected]:username/project.git
3. push to the new repo: git subtree push --prefix=path/to/directory new_origin master

Git will send the contents of the folder to the new repo along with and just the relevant commits.