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| { | |
| "categories": { | |
| "1": { | |
| "name": "The reference point (including, as appropriate, a base year)", | |
| "slug": "the_reference_point_including_as_appropriate_a_base_year" | |
| }, | |
| "2": { | |
| "name": "Time frames and/or periods for implementation", | |
| "slug": "time_frames_andor_periods_for_implementation" | |
| }, | |
| "3": { | |
| "name": "Scope and coverage", | |
| "slug": "scope_and_coverage" | |
| }, | |
| "4": { | |
| "name": "Planning process", | |
| "slug": "planning_process" | |
| }, | |
| "5": { | |
| "name": "Assumptions and methodological approaches including those for estimating and accounting for anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions and, as appropriate, removals", | |
| "slug": "assumptions_and_methodological_approaches_including_those_for_estimating_and_accounting_for_anthropogenic_greenhouse_gas_emissions_and_as_appropriate_removals" | |
| }, | |
| "6": { | |
| "name": "How the Party considers that its intended nationally determined contribution is fair and ambitious, in light of its national circumstances, and how it contributes towards achieving the objective of the Convention as set out in its Article 2", | |
| "slug": "how_the_party_considers_that_its_intended_nationally_determined_contribution_is_fair_and_ambitious_in_light_of_its_national_circumstances_and_how_it_contributes_towards_achieving_the_objective_of_the_convention_as_set_out_in_its_article_2" | |
| }, | |
| "7": { | |
| "name": "Other information", | |
| "slug": "other_information" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "indicators": [ | |
| { | |
| "id": 1, | |
| "name": "Region", | |
| "slug": "region", | |
| "labels": {}, | |
| "locations": { | |
| "AFG": { | |
| "value": "Asia" | |
| }, | |
| "AGO": { | |
| "value": "Africa" | |
| }, | |
| "ALB": { | |
| "value": "Europe" | |
| }, | |
| "AND": { | |
| "value": "Europe" | |
| }, | |
| "ARE": { | |
| "value": "Asia" | |
| }, | |
| "ARG": { | |
| "value": "Latin America and the Caribbean" | |
| }, | |
| "ARM": { | |
| "value": "Asia" | |
| }, | |
| "ATG": { | |
| "value": "Latin America and the Caribbean" | |
| }, | |
| "AUS": { | |
| "value": "Oceania" | |
| }, | |
| "AZE": { | |
| "value": "Asia" | |
| }, | |
| "BDI": { | |
| "value": "Africa" | |
| }, | |
| "BEN": { | |
| "value": "Africa" | |
| }, | |
| "BFA": { | |
| "value": "Africa" | |
| }, | |
| "BGD": { | |
| "value": "Asia" | |
| }, | |
| "BHR": { | |
| "value": "Asia" | |
| }, | |
| "BIH": { | |
| "value": "Europe" | |
| }, | |
| "BLR": { | |
| "value": "Europe" | |
| }, | |
| "BLZ": { | |
| "value": "Latin America and the Caribbean" | |
| }, | |
| "BOL": { | |
| "value": "Latin America and the Caribbean" | |
| }, | |
| "BRA": { | |
| "value": "Latin America and the Caribbean" | |
| }, | |
| "BRB": { | |
| "value": "Latin America and the Caribbean" | |
| }, | |
| "BRN": { | |
| "value": "Asia" | |
| }, | |
| "BTN": { | |
| "value": "Asia" | |
| }, | |
| "BWA": { | |
| "value": "Africa" | |
| }, | |
| "CAF": { | |
| "value": "Africa" | |
| }, | |
| "CAN": { | |
| "value": "Northern America" | |
| }, | |
| "CHE": { | |
| "value": "Europe" | |
| }, | |
| "CHL": { | |
| "value": "Latin America and the Caribbean" | |
| }, | |
| "CHN": { | |
| "value": "Asia" | |
| }, | |
| "CMR": { | |
| "value": "Africa" | |
| }, | |
| "COD": { | |
| "value": "Africa" | |
| }, | |
| "COG": { | |
| "value": "Africa" | |
| }, | |
| "COK": { | |
| "value": "Oceania" | |
| }, | |
| "COL": { | |
| "value": "Latin America and the Caribbean" | |
| }, | |
| "COM": { | |
| "value": "Africa" | |
| }, | |
| "CPV": { | |
| "value": "Africa" | |
| }, | |
| "CRI": { | |
| "value": "Latin America and the Caribbean" | |
| }, | |
| "CUB": { | |
| "value": "Latin America and the Caribbean" | |
| }, | |
| "DJI": { | |
| "value": "Africa" | |
| }, | |
| "DMA": { | |
| "value": "Latin America and the Caribbean" | |
| }, | |
| "DOM": { | |
| "value": "Latin America and the Caribbean" | |
| }, | |
| "DZA": { | |
| "value": "Africa" | |
| }, | |
| "ECU": { | |
| "value": "Latin America and the Caribbean" | |
| }, | |
| "EGY": { | |
| "value": "Africa" | |
| }, | |
| "ERI": { | |
| "value": "Africa" | |
| }, | |
| "ETH": { | |
| "value": "Africa" | |
| }, | |
| "EU28": { | |
| "value": "Europe" | |
| }, | |
| "FJI": { | |
| "value": "Oceania" | |
| }, | |
| "GAB": { | |
| "value": "Africa" | |
| }, | |
| "GEO": { | |
| "value": "Asia" | |
| }, | |
| "GHA": { | |
| "value": "Africa" | |
| }, | |
| "GIN": { | |
| "value": "Africa" | |
| }, | |
| "GMB": { | |
| "value": "Africa" | |
| }, | |
| "GNQ": { | |
| "value": "Africa" | |
| }, | |
| "GRD": { | |
| "value": "Latin America and the Caribbean" | |
| }, | |
| "GTM": { | |
| "value": "Latin America and the Caribbean" | |
| }, | |
| "GUY": { | |
| "value": "Latin America and the Caribbean" | |
| }, | |
| "HND": { | |
| "value": "Latin America and the Caribbean" | |
| }, | |
| "HTI": { | |
| "value": "Latin America and the Caribbean" | |
| }, | |
| "IDN": { | |
| "value": "Asia" | |
| }, | |
| "IND": { | |
| "value": "Asia" | |
| }, | |
| "IRN": { | |
| "value": "Asia" | |
| }, | |
| "IRQ": { | |
| "value": "Asia" | |
| }, | |
| "ISL": { | |
| "value": "Europe" | |
| }, | |
| "ISR": { | |
| "value": "Asia" | |
| }, | |
| "JAM": { | |
| "value": "Latin America and the Caribbean" | |
| }, | |
| "JOR": { | |
| "value": "Asia" | |
| }, | |
| "JPN": { | |
| "value": "Asia" | |
| }, | |
| "KAZ": { | |
| "value": "Asia" | |
| }, | |
| "KEN": { | |
| "value": "Africa" | |
| }, | |
| "KGZ": { | |
| "value": "Asia" | |
| }, | |
| "KHM": { | |
| "value": "Asia" | |
| }, | |
| "KIR": { | |
| "value": "Oceania" | |
| }, | |
| "KNA": { | |
| "value": "Latin America and the Caribbean" | |
| }, | |
| "KOR": { | |
| "value": "Asia" | |
| }, | |
| "KWT": { | |
| "value": "Asia" | |
| }, | |
| "LAO": { | |
| "value": "Asia" | |
| }, | |
| "LBN": { | |
| "value": "Asia" | |
| }, | |
| "LBR": { | |
| "value": "Africa" | |
| }, | |
| "LBY": { | |
| "value": "Africa" | |
| }, | |
| "LCA": { | |
| "value": "Latin America and the Caribbean" | |
| }, | |
| "LKA": { | |
| "value": "Asia" | |
| }, | |
| "LSO": { | |
| "value": "Africa" | |
| }, | |
| "MAR": { | |
| "value": "Africa" | |
| }, | |
| "MCO": { | |
| "value": "Europe" | |
| }, | |
| "MDA": { | |
| "value": "Europe" | |
| }, | |
| "MDG": { | |
| "value": "Africa" | |
| }, | |
| "MDV": { | |
| "value": "Asia" | |
| }, | |
| "MEX": { | |
| "value": "Latin America and the Caribbean" | |
| }, | |
| "MHL": { | |
| "value": "Oceania" | |
| }, | |
| "MKD": { | |
| "value": "Europe" | |
| }, | |
| "MLI": { | |
| "value": "Africa" | |
| }, | |
| "MMR": { | |
| "value": "Asia" | |
| }, | |
| "MNE": { | |
| "value": "Europe" | |
| }, | |
| "MNG": { | |
| "value": "Asia" | |
| }, | |
| "MOZ": { | |
| "value": "Africa" | |
| }, | |
| "MRT": { | |
| "value": "Africa" | |
| }, | |
| "MUS": { | |
| "value": "Africa" | |
| }, | |
| "MWI": { | |
| "value": "Africa" | |
| }, | |
| "MYS": { | |
| "value": "Asia" | |
| }, | |
| "NAM": { | |
| "value": "Africa" | |
| }, | |
| "NER": { | |
| "value": "Africa" | |
| }, | |
| "NGA": { | |
| "value": "Africa" | |
| }, | |
| "NIC": { | |
| "value": "Latin America and the Caribbean" | |
| }, | |
| "NIU": { | |
| "value": "Oceania" | |
| }, | |
| "NOR": { | |
| "value": "Europe" | |
| }, | |
| "NPL": { | |
| "value": "Asia" | |
| }, | |
| "NRU": { | |
| "value": "Oceania" | |
| }, | |
| "NZL": { | |
| "value": "Oceania" | |
| }, | |
| "OMN": { | |
| "value": "Asia" | |
| }, | |
| "PAK": { | |
| "value": "Asia" | |
| }, | |
| "PAN": { | |
| "value": "Latin America and the Caribbean" | |
| }, | |
| "PER": { | |
| "value": "Latin America and the Caribbean" | |
| }, | |
| "PHL": { | |
| "value": "Asia" | |
| }, | |
| "PLW": { | |
| "value": "Oceania" | |
| }, | |
| "PNG": { | |
| "value": "Oceania" | |
| }, | |
| "PRK": { | |
| "value": "Asia" | |
| }, | |
| "PRY": { | |
| "value": "Latin America and the Caribbean" | |
| }, | |
| "PSE": { | |
| "value": "Asia" | |
| }, | |
| "QAT": { | |
| "value": "Asia" | |
| }, | |
| "RUS": { | |
| "value": "Europe" | |
| }, | |
| "RWA": { | |
| "value": "Africa" | |
| }, | |
| "SAU": { | |
| "value": "Asia" | |
| }, | |
| "SDN": { | |
| "value": "Africa" | |
| }, | |
| "SEN": { | |
| "value": "Africa" | |
| }, | |
| "SGP": { | |
| "value": "Asia" | |
| }, | |
| "SLB": { | |
| "value": "Oceania" | |
| }, | |
| "SLE": { | |
| "value": "Africa" | |
| }, | |
| "SLV": { | |
| "value": "Latin America and the Caribbean" | |
| }, | |
| "SMR": { | |
| "value": "Europe" | |
| }, | |
| "SOM": { | |
| "value": "Africa" | |
| }, | |
| "SSD": { | |
| "value": "Africa" | |
| }, | |
| "STP": { | |
| "value": "Africa" | |
| }, | |
| "SUR": { | |
| "value": "Latin America and the Caribbean" | |
| }, | |
| "SWZ": { | |
| "value": "Africa" | |
| }, | |
| "SYC": { | |
| "value": "Africa" | |
| }, | |
| "SYR": { | |
| "value": "Asia" | |
| }, | |
| "TCD": { | |
| "value": "Africa" | |
| }, | |
| "TGO": { | |
| "value": "Africa" | |
| }, | |
| "THA": { | |
| "value": "Asia" | |
| }, | |
| "TJK": { | |
| "value": "Asia" | |
| }, | |
| "TKM": { | |
| "value": "Asia" | |
| }, | |
| "TLS": { | |
| "value": "Asia" | |
| }, | |
| "TON": { | |
| "value": "Oceania" | |
| }, | |
| "TTO": { | |
| "value": "Latin America and the Caribbean" | |
| }, | |
| "TUN": { | |
| "value": "Africa" | |
| }, | |
| "TUR": { | |
| "value": "Asia" | |
| }, | |
| "TUV": { | |
| "value": "Oceania" | |
| }, | |
| "UGA": { | |
| "value": "Africa" | |
| }, | |
| "UKR": { | |
| "value": "Europe" | |
| }, | |
| "URY": { | |
| "value": "Latin America and the Caribbean" | |
| }, | |
| "UZB": { | |
| "value": "Asia" | |
| }, | |
| "VCT": { | |
| "value": "Latin America and the Caribbean" | |
| }, | |
| "VEN": { | |
| "value": "Latin America and the Caribbean" | |
| }, | |
| "VNM": { | |
| "value": "Asia" | |
| }, | |
| "VUT": { | |
| "value": "Oceania" | |
| }, | |
| "WSM": { | |
| "value": "Oceania" | |
| }, | |
| "YEM": { | |
| "value": "Asia" | |
| }, | |
| "ZAF": { | |
| "value": "Africa" | |
| }, | |
| "ZMB": { | |
| "value": "Africa" | |
| }, | |
| "ZWE": { | |
| "value": "Africa" | |
| } | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "id": 2, | |
| "name": "Greenhouse gas emissions including LUCF 2012 (MtCO2e)", | |
| "slug": "greenhouse_gas_emissions_including_lucf_2012_mtco2e", | |
| "labels": {}, | |
| "locations": { | |
| "AFG": { | |
| "value": "30.76" | |
| }, | |
| "AGO": { | |
| "value": "199.72" | |
| }, | |
| "ALB": { | |
| "value": "7.22" | |
| }, | |
| "ARE": { | |
| "value": "216.04" | |
| }, | |
| "ARG": { | |
| "value": "405.03" | |
| }, | |
| "ARM": { | |
| "value": "9.3" | |
| }, | |
| "ATG": { | |
| "value": "1.14" | |
| }, | |
| "AUS": { | |
| "value": "685.05" | |
| }, | |
| "AZE": { | |
| "value": "69.34" | |
| }, | |
| "BDI": { | |
| "value": "6.91" | |
| }, | |
| "BEN": { | |
| "value": "21.76" | |
| }, | |
| "BFA": { | |
| "value": "33.01" | |
| }, | |
| "BGD": { | |
| "value": "189.86" | |
| }, | |
| "BHR": { | |
| "value": "33.25" | |
| }, | |
| "BIH": { | |
| "value": "27.75" | |
| }, | |
| "BLR": { | |
| "value": "75.35" | |
| }, | |
| "BLZ": { | |
| "value": "14.59" | |
| }, | |
| "BOL": { | |
| "value": "136.47" | |
| }, | |
| "BRA": { | |
| "value": "1823.15" | |
| }, | |
| "BRB": { | |
| "value": "3.35" | |
| }, | |
| "BRN": { | |
| "value": "22.07" | |
| }, | |
| "BTN": { | |
| "value": "-7.97" | |
| }, | |
| "BWA": { | |
| "value": "23.9" | |
| }, | |
| "CAF": { | |
| "value": "60.52" | |
| }, | |
| "CAN": { | |
| "value": "856.28" | |
| }, | |
| "CHE": { | |
| "value": "48.07" | |
| }, | |
| "CHL": { | |
| "value": "93.74" | |
| }, | |
| "CHN": { | |
| "value": "10684.29" | |
| }, | |
| "CMR": { | |
| "value": "191.2" | |
| }, | |
| "COD": { | |
| "value": "201.53" | |
| }, | |
| "COG": { | |
| "value": "17.72" | |
| }, | |
| "COK": { | |
| "value": "0.19" | |
| }, | |
| "COL": { | |
| "value": "199.68" | |
| }, | |
| "COM": { | |
| "value": "0.6" | |
| }, | |
| "CPV": { | |
| "value": "0.43" | |
| }, | |
| "CRI": { | |
| "value": "4.97" | |
| }, | |
| "CUB": { | |
| "value": "34.79" | |
| }, | |
| "DJI": { | |
| "value": "2.58" | |
| }, | |
| "DMA": { | |
| "value": "0.32" | |
| }, | |
| "DOM": { | |
| "value": "31.18" | |
| }, | |
| "DZA": { | |
| "value": "189.08" | |
| }, | |
| "ECU": { | |
| "value": "138.16" | |
| }, | |
| "EGY": { | |
| "value": "287.97" | |
| }, | |
| "ERI": { | |
| "value": "6.98" | |
| }, | |
| "ETH": { | |
| "value": "143.87" | |
| }, | |
| "EU28": { | |
| "value": "4122.64" | |
| }, | |
| "FJI": { | |
| "value": "1.73" | |
| }, | |
| "GAB": { | |
| "value": "6.95" | |
| }, | |
| "GEO": { | |
| "value": "10.78" | |
| }, | |
| "GHA": { | |
| "value": "58.84" | |
| }, | |
| "GIN": { | |
| "value": "28.87" | |
| }, | |
| "GMB": { | |
| "value": "6.88" | |
| }, | |
| "GNQ": { | |
| "value": "26.18" | |
| }, | |
| "GRD": { | |
| "value": "1.94" | |
| }, | |
| "GTM": { | |
| "value": "39.27" | |
| }, | |
| "GUY": { | |
| "value": "7.64" | |
| }, | |
| "HND": { | |
| "value": "47.7" | |
| }, | |
| "HTI": { | |
| "value": "7.91" | |
| }, | |
| "IDN": { | |
| "value": "1981" | |
| }, | |
| "IND": { | |
| "value": "2887.08" | |
| }, | |
| "IRN": { | |
| "value": "711.88" | |
| }, | |
| "IRQ": { | |
| "value": "256.44" | |
| }, | |
| "ISL": { | |
| "value": "2.64" | |
| }, | |
| "ISR": { | |
| "value": "93.82" | |
| }, | |
| "JAM": { | |
| "value": "9.59" | |
| }, | |
| "JOR": { | |
| "value": "27.42" | |
| }, | |
| "JPN": { | |
| "value": "1207.3" | |
| }, | |
| "KAZ": { | |
| "value": "291.41" | |
| }, | |
| "KEN": { | |
| "value": "69.6" | |
| }, | |
| "KGZ": { | |
| "value": "-0.24" | |
| }, | |
| "KHM": { | |
| "value": "49.12" | |
| }, | |
| "KIR": { | |
| "value": "0.08" | |
| }, | |
| "KNA": { | |
| "value": "0.34" | |
| }, | |
| "KOR": { | |
| "value": "661.39" | |
| }, | |
| "KWT": { | |
| "value": "202.47" | |
| }, | |
| "LAO": { | |
| "value": "36.28" | |
| }, | |
| "LBN": { | |
| "value": "24.3" | |
| }, | |
| "LBR": { | |
| "value": "16.86" | |
| }, | |
| "LBY": { | |
| "value": "130.6" | |
| }, | |
| "LCA": { | |
| "value": "1.14" | |
| }, | |
| "LKA": { | |
| "value": "45.21" | |
| }, | |
| "LSO": { | |
| "value": "2.04" | |
| }, | |
| "MAR": { | |
| "value": "72.51" | |
| }, | |
| "MDA": { | |
| "value": "10.88" | |
| }, | |
| "MDG": { | |
| "value": "57.65" | |
| }, | |
| "MDV": { | |
| "value": "1.21" | |
| }, | |
| "MEX": { | |
| "value": "748.91" | |
| }, | |
| "MKD": { | |
| "value": "12.34" | |
| }, | |
| "MLI": { | |
| "value": "35.24" | |
| }, | |
| "MMR": { | |
| "value": "184.71" | |
| }, | |
| "MNE": { | |
| "value": "3.5" | |
| }, | |
| "MNG": { | |
| "value": "59.11" | |
| }, | |
| "MOZ": { | |
| "value": "57.66" | |
| }, | |
| "MRT": { | |
| "value": "11.16" | |
| }, | |
| "MUS": { | |
| "value": "5.52" | |
| }, | |
| "MWI": { | |
| "value": "16.59" | |
| }, | |
| "MYS": { | |
| "value": "433.33" | |
| }, | |
| "NAM": { | |
| "value": "22.49" | |
| }, | |
| "NER": { | |
| "value": "26.1" | |
| }, | |
| "NGA": { | |
| "value": "474.86" | |
| }, | |
| "NIC": { | |
| "value": "42.7" | |
| }, | |
| "NIU": { | |
| "value": "0.09" | |
| }, | |
| "NOR": { | |
| "value": "24.1" | |
| }, | |
| "NPL": { | |
| "value": "40.34" | |
| }, | |
| "NRU": { | |
| "value": "0.17" | |
| }, | |
| "NZL": { | |
| "value": "58.47" | |
| }, | |
| "OMN": { | |
| "value": "109.32" | |
| }, | |
| "PAK": { | |
| "value": "341.65" | |
| }, | |
| "PAN": { | |
| "value": "22.05" | |
| }, | |
| "PER": { | |
| "value": "159.5" | |
| }, | |
| "PHL": { | |
| "value": "157.59" | |
| }, | |
| "PLW": { | |
| "value": "0" | |
| }, | |
| "PNG": { | |
| "value": "99.92" | |
| }, | |
| "PRK": { | |
| "value": "86.14" | |
| }, | |
| "PRY": { | |
| "value": "110.98" | |
| }, | |
| "QAT": { | |
| "value": "85.25" | |
| }, | |
| "RUS": { | |
| "value": "2254.47" | |
| }, | |
| "RWA": { | |
| "value": "5.72" | |
| }, | |
| "SAU": { | |
| "value": "526.97" | |
| }, | |
| "SDN": { | |
| "value": "177.35" | |
| }, | |
| "SEN": { | |
| "value": "28.12" | |
| }, | |
| "SGP": { | |
| "value": "56.13" | |
| }, | |
| "SLB": { | |
| "value": "2.31" | |
| }, | |
| "SLE": { | |
| "value": "13.02" | |
| }, | |
| "SLV": { | |
| "value": "13.07" | |
| }, | |
| "STP": { | |
| "value": "0.21" | |
| }, | |
| "SUR": { | |
| "value": "8.63" | |
| }, | |
| "SWZ": { | |
| "value": "2.85" | |
| }, | |
| "SYC": { | |
| "value": "1.37" | |
| }, | |
| "SYR": { | |
| "value": "72.5" | |
| }, | |
| "TCD": { | |
| "value": "43.27" | |
| }, | |
| "TGO": { | |
| "value": "5.8" | |
| }, | |
| "THA": { | |
| "value": "375.71" | |
| }, | |
| "TJK": { | |
| "value": "9.09" | |
| }, | |
| "TKM": { | |
| "value": "108.32" | |
| }, | |
| "TON": { | |
| "value": "0.39" | |
| }, | |
| "TTO": { | |
| "value": "40.4" | |
| }, | |
| "TUN": { | |
| "value": "30.7" | |
| }, | |
| "TUR": { | |
| "value": "390.86" | |
| }, | |
| "UGA": { | |
| "value": "49.43" | |
| }, | |
| "UKR": { | |
| "value": "366.31" | |
| }, | |
| "URY": { | |
| "value": "14.76" | |
| }, | |
| "UZB": { | |
| "value": "237.78" | |
| }, | |
| "VCT": { | |
| "value": "0.32" | |
| }, | |
| "VEN": { | |
| "value": "396.74" | |
| }, | |
| "VNM": { | |
| "value": "251.18" | |
| }, | |
| "VUT": { | |
| "value": "0.6" | |
| }, | |
| "WSM": { | |
| "value": "0.38" | |
| }, | |
| "YEM": { | |
| "value": "29.84" | |
| }, | |
| "ZAF": { | |
| "value": "463.75" | |
| }, | |
| "ZMB": { | |
| "value": "119.81" | |
| }, | |
| "ZWE": { | |
| "value": "62.93" | |
| } | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "id": 3, | |
| "name": "INDC submitted", | |
| "slug": "indc_submitted", | |
| "labels": { | |
| "1": { | |
| "name": "NDC submitted", | |
| "color": "#003F6A" | |
| }, | |
| "2": { | |
| "name": "INDC submitted", | |
| "color": "#0099CC" | |
| }, | |
| "3": { | |
| "name": "No INDC submitted", | |
| "color": "#CCCCCC" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "locations": { | |
| "AFG": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "AGO": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "ALB": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "AND": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "ARE": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "ARG": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "ARM": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "ATG": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "AUS": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "AZE": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "BDI": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "BEN": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "BFA": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "BGD": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "BHR": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "BIH": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "BLR": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "BLZ": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "BOL": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "BRA": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "BRB": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "BRN": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "BTN": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "BWA": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "CAF": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "CAN": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "CHE": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "CHL": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "CHN": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "CMR": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "COD": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "COG": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "COK": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "COL": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "COM": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "CPV": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "CRI": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "CUB": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "DJI": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "DMA": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "DOM": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "DZA": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "ECU": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "EGY": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "ERI": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "ETH": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "EU28": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "FJI": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "GAB": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "GEO": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "GHA": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "GIN": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "GMB": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "GNQ": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "GRD": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "GTM": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "GUY": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "HND": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "HTI": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "IDN": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "IND": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "IRN": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "IRQ": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "ISL": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "ISR": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "JAM": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "JOR": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "JPN": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "KAZ": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "KEN": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "KGZ": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "KHM": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "KIR": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "KNA": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "KOR": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "KWT": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "LAO": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "LBN": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "LBR": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "LBY": { | |
| "value": "No" | |
| }, | |
| "LCA": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "LKA": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "LSO": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "MAR": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "MCO": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "MDA": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "MDG": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "MDV": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "MEX": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "MHL": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "MKD": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "MLI": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "MMR": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "MNE": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "MNG": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "MOZ": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "MRT": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "MUS": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "MWI": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "MYS": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "NAM": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "NER": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "NGA": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "NIC": { | |
| "value": "No" | |
| }, | |
| "NIU": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "NOR": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "NPL": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "NRU": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "NZL": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "OMN": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "PAK": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "PAN": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "PER": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "PHL": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "PLW": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "PNG": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "PRK": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "PRY": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "PSE": { | |
| "value": "No" | |
| }, | |
| "QAT": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "RUS": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "RWA": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "SAU": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "SDN": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "SEN": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "SGP": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "SLB": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "SLE": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "SLV": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "SMR": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "SOM": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "SSD": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "STP": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "SUR": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "SWZ": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "SYC": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "SYR": { | |
| "value": "No" | |
| }, | |
| "TCD": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "TGO": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "THA": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "TJK": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "TKM": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "TLS": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "TON": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "TTO": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "TUN": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "TUR": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "TUV": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "UGA": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "UKR": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "URY": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "UZB": { | |
| "value": "No" | |
| }, | |
| "VCT": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "VEN": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "VNM": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "VUT": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "WSM": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "YEM": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "ZAF": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "ZMB": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| }, | |
| "ZWE": { | |
| "value": "Yes" | |
| } | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "id": 4, | |
| "name": "INDC summary ", | |
| "slug": "indc_summary", | |
| "labels": {}, | |
| "locations": { | |
| "AFG": { | |
| "value": "There will be a 13.6% reduction in GHG emissions by 2030 compared to a business as usual (BAU) 2030 scenario, conditional on external support." | |
| }, | |
| "AGO": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Angola plans to reduce GHG emissions up to 35% unconditionally by 2030 as compared to the Business As Usual (BAU) scenario (base year 2005). In addition, it is expected that through a conditional mitigation scenariothe country could reduce an additional 15% below BAU emission levels by 2030. In achieving its unconditional and conditional targets Angola expects to reduce its emissions trajectory by nearly 50% below the BAU scenario by 2030 at overall cost of over 14.7billion USD.</p> <p>Given to its extreme vulnerability to Climate Change impacts in some key economic sectors, Angola‟s INDC also includes priority Adaptation actions that will enable the strengthening of the resilience of the country towards the attainment of the Long Term Strategy for Development of Angola (2025).\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "ALB": { | |
| "value": "The INDC of Albania is a baseline scenario target: it commits to reduce CO<sub>2</sub> emissions compared to the baseline scenario in the period of 2016 and 2030 by 11.5 %. This reduction means 708 kT carbon‐dioxide emission reduction in 2030." | |
| }, | |
| "AND": { | |
| "value": "Please note that the INDC was submitted only in French. WRI did its best to translate the INDC language. If any errors are identified, please contact us at <a href=\"mailto:[email protected]\">[email protected]</a>.<br />Andorra commits to reduce GHG emissions by 37 percent (193.73 Gg CO<sub>2</sub> eq.) from its business-as-usual scenario emissions in 2030." | |
| }, | |
| "ARE": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"In the post-2020 period the United Arab Emirates will continue to expand its ambitious actions to limit emissions and improve resilience through economic diversification, in accordance with Decisions 1/CP.19 and 1/CP.20. The UAE’s actions are based on a strategy of economic diversification that will yield mitigation and adaptation cobenefits, consistent with the approach adopted under Decision 24/CP.18.</p> <p>To this end, the UAE will pursue a portfolio of actions, including an increase of clean energy to 24% of the total energy mix by 2021.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "ARG": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Argentina’s goal is to reduce GHG emissions by 15% in 2030 with respect to projected BAU emissions for that year. The goal includes, inter alia, actions linked to: the promotion of sustainable forest management, energy efficiency, biofuels, nuclear power, renewable energy, and transport modal shift. The criteria for selecting the actions include the potential for reducing /capturing GHG emissions and associate co-benefits, as well as the possibility of applying nationally developed technologies.\"</p><p>\"Argentina could increase its reduction goal under the following conditions: a) Adequate and predictable international financing; b) support for transfer, innovation and technology development; c) support for capacity building. In this case, a reduction of 30% GHG emissions could be achieved by 2030 compared to projected BAU emissions in the same year.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "ARM": { | |
| "value": "<p>Armenia has stated that its total aggregate emissions between 2015 and 2050 will be \"equal to 633 million tons carbon dioxide equivalent\", and that the country will strive to \"achieve ecosystem neutral GHG emissions in 2050 (equivalent to 2.07 tons/per capita per annum) with the support of adequate (necessary and sufficient) international financial, technological and capacity building assistance.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "ATG": { | |
| "value": "<p>Conditional Adaptation Targets</p> <p>\"1. By 2025, increase seawater desalination capacity by 50% above 2015 levels.<br />2. By 2030, all buildings are improved and prepared for extreme climate events, including drought, flooding and hurricanes.<br />3. By 2030, 100% of electricity demand in the water sector<a title=\"\" href=\"#_ftn1\">[1]</a> and other essential services (including health, food storage and emergency services) will be met through off-grid renewable sources.<br />4. By 2030, all waterways are protected to reduce the risks of flooding and health impacts.<br />5. By 2030, an affordable insurance scheme is available for farmers, fishers, and residential and business owners to cope with losses resulting from climate variability.\"</p> <p>Conditional Mitigation Targets</p> <p>\"1. By 2020, establish efficiency standards for the importation of all vehicles and appliances.<br />2. By 2020, finalize the technical studies with the intention to construct and operationalize a waste to energy (WTE) plant by 2025.<a title=\"\" href=\"#_ftn1\">[2]</a><br />3. By 2030, achieve an energy matrix with 50 MW of electricity from renewable sources both on and off-grid in the public and private sectors. <a title=\"\" href=\"#_ftn1\">[3]</a><br />4. By 2030, all remaining wetlands and watershed areas with carbon sequestration potential are protected as carbon sinks.\"</p> <p>Unconditional Targets</p> <p>\"1. Enhance the established enabling legal, policy and institutional environment for a low carbon emission development pathway to achieve poverty reduction and sustainable development.<br />2. By 2020, update the Building Code to meet projected impacts of climate change.\"</p> <p><a title=\"\" href=\"#_ftnref1\">[1]</a> The water sector includes water generation (seawater desalination), distribution and usage, to ensure water delivery when grid electricity may be interrupted. Based on an informal assessment, water distribution and usage is equal to approximately 15% of GHG emissions in the electricity sector.<br /><a title=\"\" href=\"#_ftnref1\">[2]</a> This waste to energy target is not considered part of the 50 MW renewable energy target. <br /><a title=\"\" href=\"#_ftnref1\">[3]</a> This target includes distributive renewable energy capacity to be used as backup energy by the commercial sector and some residences. The assumption is that the commercial sector has full backup capacity of approx. 20 MW to continue business when electricity via the grid may be interrupted. Backup electricity generation is currently fossil fuel-based.</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "AUS": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Under a Paris Agreement applicable to all, Australia will implement an economy-wide target to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 26 to 28 per cent below 2005 levels by 2030.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "AZE": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"By 2030 the Republic of Azerbaijan targets 35% reduction in the level of greenhouse gas emissions compared to 1990 base year as its contribution to the global climate change efforts.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "BDI": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Unconditional contribution: Reduction of greenhouse gas emissions by 3% compared to the business-as-usual (BAU) scenario for 2030</p> <p>Conditional contribution: Reduction of greenhouse gas emissions by 20%, beginning in 2016, compared to the business-as-usual scenario for 2030\"</p> <p>The INDC also includes a section on Adaptation contribution.</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "BEN": { | |
| "value": "<p>Please note that the INDC was submitted only in French. WRI did its best to translate the INDC language. If any errors are identified, please contact us at <a href=\"mailto:[email protected]\">[email protected]</a><p class=\"Default\">“La mise en oeuvre des mesures envisagées est susceptible de contribuer à réduire les emissions cumulées de GES (hors UTCATF) par rapport au scénario de maintien du statu quo d’environ 21,4 % d’ici à 2030 (Figure 3). La contribution inconditionnelle correspond à une réduction des émissions cumulées de GES par rapport au scénario de maintien du statu quo de 3,5 % d’ici 2030. La contribution conditionnelle pourrait permettre une réduction additionnelle des émissions cumulées de GES de 17,9 % par rapport au scénario de maintien du statu quo d’environ 3,5 %* d’ici 2030.”</p> <p>The implementation of the proposed measures is likely to help reduce greenhouse gas emissions by about 21.4% relative to a BAU scenario by 2030 (excluding LULUCF). The unconditional contribution corresponds to a 3.5% GHG emissions reduction relative to the BAU scenario by 2030. The conditional contribution would allow for an additional emissions reduction of 17.9%.</p> <p>(*This appears to be an error in the language of the INDC target.)</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "BFA": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Burkina Faso’s commitment comes about through three scenarios.</p> <p>A first scenario, Unconditional (annex 1), the objective of which is to reduce GHG emissions by 7,808 Gg per year in 2030, i.e. 6[.6]% when compared to BaU, for ongoing investments of US $1.25 billion.</p> <p>A Hybrid Conditional scenario (annex 1), which aims to reduce GHG emissions by 11.6%, which corresponds to 13,766 Gg per year in 2030, for investments of US $756,032,667.</p> <p>A third scenario, Adaptation (annexe 2), which aims, among other things, to restore and develop 5,055 million ha of degraded lands at the 2030 horizon, corresponding to 55% of the total current area of degraded lands in the country and making it possible to feed more than 6 million additional persons at the 2030 horizon. Moreover, these adaptation projects will contribute to a reduction in GHG emissions of 43,707 Gg of CO<sub>2</sub>, i.e. 36.95% when compared to BaU, for an overall investment of US $5,804,949,915.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "BGD": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"The INDC of Bangladesh consists of the following elements:</p><p>Mitigation contribution: </p><ul><li>An unconditional contribution to reduce GHG emissions by 5% from Business as Usual (BAU) levels by 2030 in the power, transport and industry sectors, based on existing resources. </li><li>A conditional 15% reduction in GHG emissions from BAU levels by 2030 in the power, transport, and industry sectors, subject to appropriate international support in the form of finance, investment, technology development and transfer, and capacity building. </li><li>A number of further mitigation actions in other sectors which it intends to achieve subject to the provision of additional international resources.</li></ul><p>Adaptation component:</p><ul><li>An outline of what Bangladesh has already done on adaptation and what the next steps are, including the long-term vision for adaptation in Bangladesh and synergies with mitigation measures.</li></ul><p>INDC implementation: </p><ul><li>Proposals for governance and coordination of INDC implementation and an outline of key next steps.</li></ul><p>Support for INDC implementation: </p><ul><li>A qualitative description of Bangladesh’s support needs and an outline of plans to further quantify this, along with some examples of indicative costs of taking action on mitigation and adaptation.\"</li></ul>" | |
| }, | |
| "BHR": { | |
| "value": "<p>The Kingdom of Bahrain communicated in its INDC actions with mitigation co-benefits \"which may contribute to low greenhouse gas emission development\" as well as adaptation actions.</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "BIH": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Emission reduction that BiH unconditionally might achieved, compared to the BAU scenario, is 2% by 2030 which would mean 18% higher emissions compared to the base year 1990. Significant emission reduction is only possible to achieve with international support, which would result in emission reduction of 3% compared to 1990, while compared to the BAU scenario it represents a possible reduction of 23%.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "BLR": { | |
| "value": "In order to contribute to the prevention of dangerous climate change, the Republic of Belarus submits its intended nationally determined contribution to these efforts and undertakes by 2030 to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by at least 28 per cent of the 1990 level, excluding emissions and removals in the land use, land-use change and forestry sector and without any additional conditions (the commitments do not imply the use of international carbon market mechanisms or mobilizing foreign financial resources for the implementation of best available technologies).<br>The INDC includes a section on adaptation." | |
| }, | |
| "BLZ": { | |
| "value": "<p>Belize's INDC focuses on mitigation contribution \"framed on an action-based approach that is dependent on cost effective technology, capacity building and adequate financial support,\" addressing \"the sectors with significant contributions to Belize’s greenhouse gas emissions.\"</p> <p>\"Belize intends to provide information on adaptation at a later stage.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "BOL": { | |
| "value": "<p>Bolivia presents its contribution \"in two dimensions: one linked to the structural solutions, and other results and national actions within the framework of holistic development.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "BRA": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Brazil intends to commit to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 37% below 2005 levels in 2025.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "BRB": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Barbados intends to achieve an economy-wide reduction in GHG emissions of 44% compared to its business as usual (BAU) scenario by 2030. In absolute terms, this translates to a reduction of 23% compared with the baseline year, 2008.</p> <p>As an interim target, the intention will be to achieve an economy-wide reduction of 37% compared to its business as usual (BAU) scenario by 2025, equivalent to an absolute reduction of 21% compared to 2008.\"</p><p>The INDC also includes a section on adaptation.</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "BRN": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Brunei Darussalam’s Intended Nationally Determined Contributions are summarised as follows:</p> <p>i. Energy sector: to reduce total energy consumption by 63% by 2035 compared to a Business-AsUsual (BAU) scenario; and to increase the share of renewables so that 10% of the total power generation is sourced from renewable energy by 2035</p> <p>ii. Land Transport sector: to reduce carbon dioxide emissions from morning peak hour vehicle use by 40% by 2035 compared to a business as usual scenario.</p> <p>iii. Forestry sector: to increase the total gazette forest reserves to 55% of total land area, compared to the current levels of 41%.\"</p> <p>The INDC also includes an Adaptation contribution.</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "BTN": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Bhutan intends to remain carbon neutral where emission of greenhouse gases will not exceed carbon sequestration by our forests, which is estimated at 6.3 million tons of CO<sub>2</sub>. Bhutan will maintain a minimum of 60 percent of total land under forest cover for all time in accordance the Constitution of the Kingdom of Bhutan. Efforts will also be made to maintain current levels of forest cover, which currently stand at 70.46%, through sustainable forest management and conservation of environmental services.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "BWA": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Botswana intends to achieve an overall emissions reduction of 15% by 2030, taking 2010 as the base year.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "CAF": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"The Central African Republic aspires to reduce its emissions by 5% and 25%, respectively, in the 2030 and 2050 horizons in comparison to its reference BaU emissions and to increase its sequestration potential. With international support, it will emit around 33,076.1 kt eq-CO<sub>2</sub> less in 2050 than the annual reference emissions.</p><p>The Central African Republic also aspires to reduce emissions of short-lived climate pollutants (SLCP), which science has shown have a significant short-term climate-warming potential and harmful effects on health, agriculture and ecosystems.\"</p> <p>The INDC also includes a section on adaptation.</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "CAN": { | |
| "value": "Canada intends to achieve an economy-wide target to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions by 30% below 2005 levels by 2030." | |
| }, | |
| "CHE": { | |
| "value": "Switzerland commits to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions by 50 percent by 2030 compared to 1990 levels, corresponding to an average reduction of greenhouse gas emissions by 35 percent over the period 2021-2030. By 2025, a reduction of greenhouse gases by 35 percent compared to 1990 levels is anticipated. Carbon credits from international mechanisms will partly be used. The INDC is subject to approval by Parliament." | |
| }, | |
| "CHL": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Carbon intensity target, not including the LULUCF sector:</p> <p>a) Chile is committed to reduce its CO<sub>2</sub> emissions per GDP unit by 30% below their 2007 levels by 2030, considering a future economic growth which allows to implement adequate measures to reach this commitment<a title=\"\" href=\"#_ftn1\">[1]</a>.</p> <p>b) In addition, and subject to the grant of international monetary funds<a title=\"\" href=\"#_ftn1\">[2]</a>, the country is committed to reduce its CO<sub>2</sub> emission per GDP unit by 2030 until it reaches a 35% to 45% reduction with respect to the 2007 levels, considering, in turn, a future economic growth which allows to implement adequate measures to achieve this commitment.</p> <p>Specific contributions to the LULUCF sector:</p> <p>a) Chile has committed to the sustainable development and recovery of 100,000 hectares of forest land, mainly native, which will account for greenhouse gas sequestrations and reductions of an annual equivalent of around 600,000 of CO<sub>2</sub> as of 2030. This commitment is subject to the approval of the Native Forest Recovery and Forestry Promotion Law.</p> <p>b) Chile has agreed to reforest 100,000 hectares, mostly with native species, which shall represent sequestrations of about 900,000 and 1,200,000 annual equivalent tons of CO<sub>2</sub> as of 2030. This commitment is conditioned to the extension of Decree Law 701 and the approval of a new Forestry Promotion Law.\"</p> <p><a title=\"\" href=\"#_ftnref1\">[1]</a> This commitment assumes a growth rate for the economy similar to the growth path the country has experienced in the last decade, except for the most critical years of the international financial crisis (2008-2009).</p> <p><a title=\"\" href=\"#_ftnref1\">[2]</a> This commitment assumes a growth rate for the economy similar to the growth path the country has experienced in the last decade, except for the most critical years of the international financial crisis (2008-2009). In addition, for the purposes of this commitment, an international monetary grant shall be deemed any grants which allow to implement actions having direct effects on greenhouse gas emissions within adequate time frames.</p><p>The INDC also includes an adaptation contribution.</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "CHN": { | |
| "value": "China has nationally determined its actions by 2030 as follows:<br />• To achieve the peaking of carbon dioxide emissions around 2030 and making best efforts to peak early;<br />• To lower carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP by 60% to 65% from the 2005 level;<br />• To increase the share of non-fossil fuels in primary energy consumption to around 20%; and<br />• To increase the forest stock volume by around 4.5 billion cubic meters on the 2005 level.<br />Moreover, China will continue to proactively adapt to climate change by enhancing mechanisms and capacities to effectively defend against climate change risks in key areas such as agriculture, forestry and water resources, as well as in cities, coastal and ecologically vulnerable areas and to progressively strengthen early warning and emergency response systems and disaster prevention and reduction mechanisms." | |
| }, | |
| "CMR": { | |
| "value": "<p class=\"Default\">“Réduction des émissions de GES à hauteur de 32% par rapport à un scénario de référence pour l’année cible (2035), et conditionnée au soutien de la communauté internationale sous forme de financement, d’actions de renforcements de capacité et de transfert de technologies.”</p> <p>Reducing GHG emissions by 32% compared to a reference scenario for the target year (2035), and conditional on the support of the international community in the form of financing, capacity building, and technology transfers.</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "COD": { | |
| "value": "<p>Please note that the INDC was submitted only in French. WRI did its best to translate the INDC language. If any errors are identified, please contact us at <a href=\"mailto:[email protected]\">[email protected]</a><p><p>\"La RDC s’engage à réduire ses émissions de 17% d’ici 2030 par rapport aux émissions du scénario des émissions du statu quo (430 Mt CO<sub>2</sub>e), soit une réduction d’un peu plus de 70 Mt CO<sub>2</sub>e évités (Ministère de l’Environnement, 2009).\"</p> <p>The DRC commits to reduce its emissions by 17% by 2030 compared to business-as-usual emissions (430 Mt CO<sub>2</sub>e), or a reduction of slightly more than 70 Mt CO<sub>2</sub>e avoided (Ministry of the Environment, 2009).</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "COG": { | |
| "value": "<p>Please note that the INDC was submitted only in French. WRI did its best to translate the INDC language. If any errors are identified, please contact us at <a href=\"mailto:[email protected]\">[email protected]</a><p>“La contribution de la République du Congo devrait permettre de réduire, dans un scénario bas-carbone conditionnel (dépendant de l’appui de la communauté internationale), les émissions de GES d’environ 48% en 2025 (soit 8 MteqCO<sub>2</sub>), et 54% en 2035 (soit 19 MteqCO<sub>2</sub>) par rapport au scénario tendanciel.”</p> <p>In a conditional, low-carbon scenario, the contribution of the Republic of Congo should reduce GHG emissions by about 48% in 2025 (or 8 MtCO<sub>2</sub>e) and by 54% in 2035 (or 19 MtCO<sub>2</sub>e) compared to the baseline scenario and depending on the support of the international community. </p>" | |
| }, | |
| "COK": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"The Cook Islands is committed to a future powered by renewable energy with targets of 50% of islands transformed from diesel based to renewable sourced electricity by 2015, to 100% coverage by 2020 (Cook Islands Renewable Electricity Chart, 2011)...Using 2006 as the base year, emission from electricity generation will be reduced by 38% by 2020.\"</p> <p>Conditional on receiving external support, Cook Islands could \"reduce emissions from electricity generation by a further 43%, totalling an 81% emissions reduction by 2030 (relative to 2006).\"</p> <p>The INDC also includes a section on adaptation.</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "COL": { | |
| "value": "The Republic of Colombia commits to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions by 20% with respect to the projected Business-as-Usual Scenario (BAU) by 2030.<br />\"Subject to the provision of international support, Colombia could increase its ambition from 20% reduction with respect to BAU to 30% with respect to BAU by 2030.\"<br />The INDC also inlucdes a section on adaptation." | |
| }, | |
| "COM": { | |
| "value": "<p>Please note that the INDC was submitted only in French. WRI did its best to translate the INDC language. If any errors are identified, please contact us at <a href=\"mailto:[email protected]\">[email protected]</a><p>“L’Union des Comores s’engage à réduire ses émissions de gaz à effet de serre de 84% à l’horizon 2030 par rapport aux émissions du scénario de référence de la même année. Cette réduction inclut les absorptions du secteur Utilisation des Terres, Changement d’Affectation des terres et Foresterie (UTCAF) également.”</p> <p>The Union of the Comoros aims to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions by 84% by 2030 relative to reference scenario emission levels in the same year. This reduction includes sinks from the Land Use, Land-Use Change, and Forestry (LULUCF) sector.</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "CPV": { | |
| "value": "<p>Cabo Verde's mitigation contributions are expressed in the form of Renewable Energy (RE) and Energy Efficiency (EE) Targets and other Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs). The INDC also includes adaptation contributions.</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "CRI": { | |
| "value": "<p>Costa Rica \"is committed to a maximum of 9,374,000 tCO<sub>2</sub>eq net emissions by 2030, with proposed emissions per capita of 1.73 net tons by 2030, 1.19 Net Tons per Capita by 2050 and -0.27 Net Tons per Capita by 2100. This numbers are consistent with the necessary global path to comply with 2 degrees Celsius goal. Costa Rica’s commitment includes an emissions reduction of GHG of 44%, of a Business As Usual (BAU) scenario, and a reduction of 25% of emission compared to 2012 emissions. To accomplish this goal Costa Rica would have to reduce 170,500 tons of GHG per year until the year 2030.\"</p><p>Costa Rica also communicates an adaptation contribution. See the full INDC for more information.</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "CUB": { | |
| "value": "<p>Please note that the INDC was submitted only in Spanish. WRI did its best to translate the INDC language. If any errors are identified, please contact us at <a href=\"mailto:[email protected]\">[email protected]</a><p class=\"Default\">“Las contribuciones que asumiría el país en las circunstancias actuales son del tipo de políticas y proyectos.”</p> <p>Under its current circumstances, the country commits to policies and projects for its contributions. </p>" | |
| }, | |
| "DJI": { | |
| "value": "<p>Please note that the INDC was submitted only in French. WRI did its best to translate the INDC language. If any errors are identified, please contact us at <a href=\"mailto:[email protected]\">[email protected]</a>.</p> <p>“Grâce aux mesures inconditionnelles, la République de Djibouti s’engage à éviter les émissions futures d’1,8 MtCO<sub>2</sub>e de GES, réduisant ainsi ses émissions de 40% par rapport au scénario de référence.</p> <p>La mise en place des mesures conditionnelles permettra une réduction supplémentaire de 0.9MtCO<sub>2</sub>e, soit 20% des émissions de GES en 2030 par rapport au scénario de référence. Le scénario conditionnel d’atténuation permettrait ainsi à la République de Djibouti de maintenir sa quantité d’émissions à un niveau équivalent à celui de 2010.”</p> <p>Through unconditional measures the Republic of Djibouti commits to avoid 1.8 MtCO<sub>2</sub>e of future emissions, reducing its emissions by 40% compared to the reference scenario.</p> <p>Implementing conditional measures would enable the reduction of an additional 0.9 MtCO<sub>2</sub>e, or 20% of GHG emissions by 2030 compared to the reference scenario. The conditional mitigation scenario would therefore allow the Republic of Djibouti to maintain its level of emissions at the equivalent of 2010 levels.</p> " | |
| }, | |
| "DMA": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Dominica commits to progressively reduce total gross greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions below 2014 levels (164.5 Ggs est.) at the following reduction rates: 17.9% by 2020; 39.2% by 2025; and 44.7% by 2030...This contribution is conditional upon receiving timely access to international climate change financing, technology development and transfer, and capacity building support for priority adaptation and mitigation measures.\"</p><p>Dominica has also outlined its plans for building climate resilience (adaptation), noting that \"there is little distinction between adaptation and mitigation measures – an integrated response is being implemented to build climate resilience in vulnerable communities, while enabling Green Growth through the transition to sustainable energy technologies.\"</p><p>See Dominica's INDC for more information.</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "DOM": { | |
| "value": "Reduction of 25% of base year [2010] emissions by 2030. This reduction is conditional upon favorable and predictable support, feasible climate finance mechanisms, and corrections to the failures of existing market mechanisms." | |
| }, | |
| "DZA": { | |
| "value": "<p class=\"Default\">“Une réduction des émissions de gaz à effet de serre de 7 à 22%, à l’horizon 2030, par rapport à un scénario de référence (Business As Usual - BAU), subordonnée aux soutiens en matière de financements extérieurs, de développement et de transfert technologique et de renforcement des capacités.</p> <p>Les 7 % de réduction des GES seront réalisés avec les moyens nationaux.”</p> <p>A greenhouse gas emission reduction of 7% to 22% by 2030 compared to business as usual (BAU) levels, conditional on external assistance for the financing of the development and transfer of technologies and capacity building.</p> <p>A 7% GHG reduction will be achieved with domestic means. </p>" | |
| }, | |
| "ECU": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Ecuador intends to reduce its emissions in the energy sector in 20.4-25% below the BAU scenario. However, a potential for reducing emissions even further in the energy sector, to a level between 37.5 and 45.8% with respect to the BAU baseline has also been calculated. This potential could be harnessed in light of the appropriate circumstances in terms of availability of resources and support offered by the international community. This is a second scenario dependent upon international support and will translate into a per capita emissions reduction in 2025 of 40% below the BAU levels.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "EGY": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"The INDC Report includes the following elements: 1. National circumstances that address general economic conditions, including economic and population growth rates, major sustainable development goals, and political circumstances. 2. National efforts implemented to combat climate change in Egypt, in terms of treating impacts in different sectors (agriculture, water resources, coastal zones, etc.) or efforts made to reduce GHGs emissions in different sectors (energy, transportation, industry, etc.). 3. Required implementation mechanisms to achieve the objectives of the plan (funding, capacity building, and technology transfer).\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "ERI": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"The government of the State of Eritrea is committed to reduce the CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from fossil fuels by 23.1% in 2020, 30.2 % by 2025 and 39.2% by 2030 visa-vis to the reference year. If additional support is solicited, it can be further reduced by 36.4 % in 2020, 61.1% by 2025 and 80.6% by 2030.\"</p> <p>\"Unconditional mitigation scenario: With internal resources Eritrea can implement its unconditional scenario reaching 1.3 MtCO<sub>2</sub> in 2020, 1.6 MtCO<sub>2</sub> in 2025 and 1.9 MtCO<sub>2</sub> in 2030from fossil fuel CO<sub>2</sub>.\"</p> <p>\"Conditional mitigation scenario: With external assistances Eritrea can implement its conditional scenario reaching 1.1 MtCO<sub>2</sub> In 2020, 0.9 MtCO<sub>2</sub> in 2025 and 0.6 MtCO<sub>2</sub> in 2030from fossil fuel CO<sub>2</sub>.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "ETH": { | |
| "value": "Ethiopia intends to limit its net greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in 2030 to 145 Mt CO<sub>2</sub>e or lower. This would constitute a 255 MtCO<sub>2</sub>e reduction from the projected ‘business-asusual’ (BAU) emissions in 2030 or a 64% reduction from the BAU scenario in 2030. Ethiopia also intends to undertake adaptation initiatives to reduce the vulnerability of its population, environment and economy to the adverse effects of climate change, based on its Climate Resilient Green Economy Strategy (CRGE)." | |
| }, | |
| "EU28": { | |
| "value": "The EU and its Member States are committed to a binding target of an at least 40% domestic reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 2030 compared to 1990, to be fulfilled jointly, as set out in the conclusions by the European Council of October 2014." | |
| }, | |
| "FJI": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Sector specific reduction focusing on a renewable energy target for electricity generation. In addition a general emissions reduction by improvements in energy efficiency economy wide. The target is for the renewable energy share in electricity generation to approach 100% by 2030 from around 60% in 2013. In addition an indicative reduction of 10% CO<sub>2</sub> emissions for energy efficiency improvements economy wide will be sought.<br>These measures will reduce CO<sub>2</sub> emissions in the energy sector by around 30% from BAU by 2030.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "GAB": { | |
| "value": "Please note that the INDC was submitted only in French. WRI did its best to translate the INDC language. If any errors are identified, please contact us at <a href=\"mailto:[email protected]\">[email protected]</a>.</br>Gabon commits to reduce GHG emissions by at least 50 percent from baseline scenario emissions in 2025. The commitment could be extended to 2030 and 2050 based on additional studies that will be carried out by COP21. The commitment is to be achieved excluding carbon stocks from forests from the target. Gabon also submitted annexes describing land-use change, flaring from the oil industry, energy, other GHG emissions such as waste, adaptation, and financing." | |
| }, | |
| "GEO": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Georgia plans to unconditionally reduce its GHG emissions by 15% below the Business as usual scenario (BAU) for the year 2030. This is equal to reduction in emission intensity per unit of GDP by approximately 34% from 2013 to 2030.\"<p>" | |
| }, | |
| "GHA": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Ghana's emission reduction goal is to unconditionally lower its GHG emissions by 15 percent relative to a business-as-usual (BAU) scenario emission of 73.95MtCO2e 2 by 2030.\"</p> " | |
| }, | |
| "GIN": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Estimated level of mitigation: -13% greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in 2030 as compared to 1994 (Initial National Communication of the Republic of Guinea), excluding Land-Use Change and Forestry (LUCF)\"</p> <p>The INDC also includes an Adaptation commitment.</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "GMB": { | |
| "value": "<p>Gambia communicated an \"Activity/Sector\" based commitment, including unconditional mitigation actions in afforestation and renewable energy, and conditonal reductions in agriculture, energy, transport and waste sectors. With individual baselines developed for each sector, \"excluding LULUCF and for Low Emissions Scenario, overall emissions will be reduced by about 44.4% in 2025 and 45.4% in 2030.\"</p> <p>The INDC also includes a section on Adaptation.</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "GNQ": { | |
| "value": "<p>“La ambición de Guinea Ecuatorial es reducir en un 20% de sus emisiones para el año 2030, con respecto a los niveles de 2010; a fin de alcanzar una reducción de 50% para el año 2050.”</p> <p>Equatorial Guinea's ambition is to reduce emissions by 20% by 2030 relative to 2010 levels, in order to achieve a 50% reduction by 2050.</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "GRD": { | |
| "value": "Grenada commits to reducing its Greenhouse gas emissions by 30% of 2010 by 2025, with an indicative reduction of 40% of 2010 by 2030.<br>The INDC includes a section on Adaptation" | |
| }, | |
| "GTM": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Unconditional INDC: 11.2% reduction from BAU by 2030<br />Conditional INDC: 22.6% reduction from BAU by 2030\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "GUY": { | |
| "value": "<p>Guyana's INDC has outlined policies, measures and actions, both conditional and unconditional that the country commits to implement up to 2025, in the energy and forestry sector.</p> <p>\"The major overarching contribution that Guyana intends to make is to pursue a path to a Green economy using a low emission strategy pathway. Guyana has already formulated a LCDS and with limited financial resources, has begun implementation. With additional and adequate resources, Guyana can build on this and embark on a comprehensive path to a low emission and green economy.\"</p> <p>\"More specifically, with the provision of adequate resources, Guyana can provide up to 52Mt CO<sub>2</sub> equivalent to global mitigation effort, and can increase its share of renewable energy by 20 percent of its total energy usage, by 2025.\"</p> <p>The INDC also include annex on Adaptation.</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "HND": { | |
| "value": "<p>Please note that the INDC was submitted only in Spanish. WRI did its best to translate the INDC language. If any errors are identified, please contact us at <a href=\"mailto:[email protected]\">[email protected]</a><p class=\"Default\">“Reducción de un 15% de las emisiones respecto al escenario BAU para el 2030 para el conjunto de sectores contenido en este escenario BAU. Este compromiso está condicionado a que el apoyo sea favorable, previsible y se viabilicen los mecanismos de financiamiento climático. </p> <p>Adicionalmente, la República de Honduras se compromete, como objetivo sectorial, a la forestación/reforestación de 1 millón de hectáreas de bosque antes de 2030. Asimismo, a través de la NAMA de fogones eficientes se espera reducir en un 39% el consumo de leña en las familias, ayudando en la lucha contra la deforestación.”</p> <p>A 15% emissions reduction relative to BAU levels in 2030 for all sectors included in this BAU scenario. This commitment is conditional upon favorable and predictable support and available climate financing mechanisms.</p> <p>Additionally, the Republic of Honduras is committed, as a sectoral target, to the afforestation / reforestation of 1 million hectares of forests by 2030. Moreover, through the efficient stoves NAMA, a 39% reduction in family firewood consumption is expected, helping in the fight against deforestation.</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "HTI": { | |
| "value": "<p>Please note that the INDC was submitted only in French. WRI did its best to translate the INDC language. If any errors are identified, please contact us at <a href=\"mailto:[email protected]\">[email protected]</a><p>“La République d ’Haïti compte réduire ses émissions de 31% par rapport au scénario de développement tendanciel, représentant en valeur absolue 45.24 Mt éq-CO<sub>2</sub>. <br /> <br /> Objectif inconditionnel: Réduction des émissions de 5% par rapport au scénario de référence à l’horizon 2030, soit un cumul de 10 Mt éq-CO<sub>2</sub>.<br />Objectif conditionnel: Réduction des émissions de 26% supplémentaires par rapport scénario de développement tendanciel à l’horizon 2030, soit un cumul de 35.24 Mt éq-CO<sub>2</sub>.”</p> <p>The Republic of Haiti intends to reduce its emissions by 31% relative to a baseline scenario, representing an absolute reduction of 45.24 MtCO<sub>2</sub>e.</p> <p>Unconditional target: Reducing emissions by 5% compared to the reference scenario by 2030, for a cumulative reduction of 10 Mt CO<sub>2</sub>e.<br />Conditional target: Reducing emission by an additional 26% relative to a baseline scenario by 2030, for a cumulative reduction of 35.24 MtCO<sub>2</sub>e.</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "IDN": { | |
| "value": "Indonesia has committed to reduce unconditionally 26% of its greenhouse gases against the business as usual scenario by the year 2020...Indonesia is committed to reducing emissions by 29% compared to the business as usual (BAU) scenario by 2030.</br>Conditional target: \"Indonesia's target should encourage support from international cooperation, which is expected to help Indonesia to increase its contribution up to 41% reduction in emissions by 2030.\"<br>Indonesia also submitted an Annex on \"Indonesia Climate Resiliance Strategy\", including “Indonesia's Vulnerability to Climate Change” and “Priority Actions for Climate Resilience.\"" | |
| }, | |
| "IND": { | |
| "value": "India communicates its Intended Nationally Determined Contribution for the period 2021 to 2030:<ol> <li>\"To put forward and further propagate a healthy and <strong>sustainable way of living </strong>based on traditions and <strong>values of conservation and moderation</strong>.</li> <li>To adopt a <strong>climate friendly and a cleaner path </strong>than the one followed hitherto by others at corresponding level of economic development.</li> <li>To <strong>reduce the emissions intensity of its GDP </strong>by <strong>33 to 35 percent by 2030 </strong>from <strong>2005 level</strong>.</li> <li>To achieve about <strong>40 percent cumulative electric power installed capacity </strong>from <strong>non-fossil fuel based energy resources </strong>by <strong>2030 </strong>with the help of transfer of technology and low cost international finance including from Green Climate Fund (GCF).</li> <li>To <strong>create an additional carbon sink of 2.5 to 3 billion tonnes </strong>of <strong>CO</strong><strong><sub>2</sub> </strong><strong>equivalent </strong>through additional forest and tree cover by <strong>2030</strong>.</li> <li>To <strong>better adapt </strong>to climate change by enhancing investments in development programmes in sectors vulnerable to climate change, particularly agriculture, water resources, Himalayan region, coastal regions, health and disaster management.</li> <li>To mobilize <strong>domestic and new & additional funds </strong>from developed countries to implement the above mitigation and adaptation actions in view of the resource required and the resource gap.</li> <li>To <strong>build capacities</strong>, create domestic framework and international architecture for quick diffusion of cutting edge climate technology in India and for joint collaborative R&D for such future technologies.\"</li> </ol>" | |
| }, | |
| "IRN": { | |
| "value": "<p>Unconditional: \"On the basis of national capabilities, financial resources available and requirements of the national development program, taking into account GHGs emission scenarios, the Islamic Republic of Iran intends to participate by mitigating its GHGs emission in 2030 by 4% compared to the Business As Usual (BAU) scenario.\"</p> <p>Conditional: \"Subject to termination and non-existence of unjust sanctions, availability of international resources in the form of financial support and technology transfer, exchange of carbon credits, accessibility of bilateral or multilateral implementation mechanisms, transfer of clean technologies as well as capacity building, the Islamic Republic of Iran has the potential of mitigating additional GHGs emission up to 8% against the BAU scenario (i.e. 12% in total).\"</p> <p>The INDC also includes a section on Adaptation.</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "IRQ": { | |
| "value": "<p>Please note that the INDC was submitted only in Arabic. WRI did its best to translate the INDC language. If any errors are identified, please contact us at <a href=\"mailto:[email protected]\">[email protected]</a><p>Iraq has set targets to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 15% below business-as-usual (BAU) emissions by 2035. Of the 90 million metric tons of CO<sub>2</sub> equivalent, 2% will be conditional and an additional 13% will be achieved through the unconditional target.</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "ISL": { | |
| "value": "Iceland aims to be part of a collective delivery by European countries to reach a target of 40% reduction of greenhouse gas emissions by 2030 compared to 1990 levels. A precise commitment for Iceland within such collective delivery has yet to be determined, and is dependent on an agreement with the European Union and its Member States and possibly other countries." | |
| }, | |
| "ISR": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Israel intends to achieve an economy-wide unconditional target of reducing its per capita greenhouse gas emissions to 7.7 tCO<sub>2</sub>e by 2030 which constitutes a reduction of 26% below the level in 2005 of 10.4 tCO<sub>2</sub>e per capita. An interim target of 8.8 tCO<sub>2</sub>e per capita is expected by 2025.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "JAM": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Jamaica’s intended nationally determined contribution covers actions in the energy sector (IPCC source category 1)\" which will unconditionally \"mitigate the equivalent of 1.1 million metric tons of carbon dioxide per year by 2030 versus the BAU scenario. This is a reduction of 7.8% of emissions versus BAU.\"</p><p>\"Jamaica will conditionally increase its ambition to a reduction of GHG emissions of 10% below the BAU scenario, subject to the provision of international support.\"</p><p>The INDC also includes a section on adaptation.</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "JOR": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Jordan nationally determines to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions by a bulk of 14 % until 2030. This contribution of GHGs reduction will be unconditionally fulfilled at, maximally, 1.5 % by the Country’s own means compared to a business as usual scenario level.<br />However, Jordan, conditionally and subject to availability of international financial aid and support to means of implementation, commits to reduce its GHGs emissions by additional, at least, 12.5 % by 2030.<br />The outcome targets above are accompanied by a diverse combination of numerous GHGs cutoriented actions in all involved sectors of emissions in addition to the adaptation actions in targeted sectors.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "JPN": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Japan’s INDC towards post-2020 GHG emission reductions is at the level of a reduction of 26.0% by fiscal year (FY) 2030 compared to FY 2013 (25.4% reduction compared to FY 2005) (approximately 1.042 billion t-CO<sub>2</sub> eq. as 2030 emissions), ensuring consistency with its energy mix, set as a feasible reduction target by bottom-up calculation with concrete policies, measures and individual technologies taking into adequate consideration, <em>inter alia</em>, technological and cost constraints, and set based on the amount of domestic emission reductions and removals assumed to be obtained.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "KAZ": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"The Republic of Kazakhstan intends to achieve an economy-wide target of 15% [unconditional target] - 25% [conditional target] reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 2030 compared to 1990.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "KEN": { | |
| "value": "Kenya seeks to undertake an ambitious mitigation contribution towards the 2015 Agreement. Kenya therefore seeks to abate its GHG emissions by 30% by 2030 relative to the BAU scenario of 143 MtCO<sub>2</sub>eq; and in line with its sustainable development agenda. This is also subject to international support in the form of finance, investment, technology development and transfer, and capacity building.<br />\"Kenya’s INDC includes both mitigation and adaptation components based on her national circumstances and in line with decisions 1/CP.19 and 1/CP.20. \"" | |
| }, | |
| "KGZ": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Kyrgyz Republic will reduce GHG emissions in the range of 11.49 - 13.75% below BAU in 2030. Additionally, under the international support Kyrgyz Republic could implement the mitigation measures to achieve total reduction in the range of 29.00 - 30.89% below BAU in 2030.</p> <p>Kyrgyz Republic will reduce GHG emissions in the range of 12.67 - 15.69% below BAU in 2050. Additionally, under the international support Kyrgyz Republic could implement the mitigation measures to achieve total reduction in the range of 35.06 - 36.75% below BAU in 2050.\"</p> <p>The INDC also includes Adaptation contribution.</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "KHM": { | |
| "value": "<p>Cambodia has proposed a 27% reduction in emissions below BAU by 2030, as well as a LULUCF contribution of 4.7 tCO<sub>2</sub>e/ha/year.</p> <p>\"Cambodia wishes to propose a GHG mitigation contribution for the period 2020 - 2030, conditional upon the availability of support from the international community, in particular in accordance with Article 4.3 of the UNFCCC. Significantly, despite Cambodia's status as an LDC, Cambodia is implementing actions in accordance with our sustainable development needs that also address climate change:</p> <p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">(i)Energy industries, manufacturing industries, transport, and other sectors: Cambodia intends to undertake actions as listed in Table 1, the impact of which is expected to be a maximum reduction of 3,100 Gg CO<sub>2</sub>eq compared to baseline emissions of 11,600 Gg CO<sub>2</sub>eq by 2030.</p> <p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">(ii) LULUCF: Cambodia intends to undertake voluntary and conditional actions to achieve the target of increasing forest cover to 60% of national land area by 2030. In absence of any actions the net sequestration from LULUCF is expected to 6 reduce to 7,897 GgCO<sub>2</sub> in 2030 compared to projected sequestration of 18,492 GgCO<sub>2</sub> in 2010.\"</p> <p><span>The INDC also includes a section on Adaptation.</span></p>" | |
| }, | |
| "KIR": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Kiribati is a LDC SIDS with limited resources that will nonetheless commit to reduce emissions by 13.7% by 2025 and 12.8% by 2030 compared to a BAU projection.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "KNA": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"The Federation of St. Kitts and Nevis proposes an emissions reduction target of 22% and 35% of St. Kitts and Nevis GHG emissions projected in the business as usual (BAU) scenario for 2025 and 2030 respectively.\"</p><p>The INDC also includes an Adaptation Contribution.</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "KOR": { | |
| "value": "Korea plans to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions by 37% from the business-as-usual (BAU, 850.6 MtCO<sub>2</sub>eq) level by 2030 across all economic sectors. The INDC includes a section on adaptation." | |
| }, | |
| "KWT": { | |
| "value": "<p>Please note that the INDC was submitted only in Arabic. WRI did its best to translate the INDC language. If any errors are identified, please contact us at <a href=\"mailto:[email protected]\">[email protected]</a><p>The State of Kuwait will operate under Business as Usual for the period of 2020-2035, and has not set specific reduction requirements. Instead, through projects and legislation, Kuwait will continue to build its economy in the context of sustainable development. Therefore Kuwait puts great importance on diversifying its sources of energy for production.</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "LAO": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Lao PDR (People’s Democratic Republic) has identified a number of actions which it intends to undertake in order reduce its future GHG emissions, subject to the provision of international support. These are outlined in Table 1 together with preliminary estimates of the projected emissions reductions which will occur as a result. These estimates have been drawn from a variety of sources and need to be reviewed and updated to address consistency and accuracy in analytical methods once more reliable data and information are available.\"</p> <p>The INDC includes Adaptation section.</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "LBN": { | |
| "value": "<p>Unconditional target</p> <ul> <li>\"A GHG emission reduction of 15% compared to the Business As-Usual (BAU) scenario in 2030.</li> <li>15% of the power and heat demand in 2030 is generated by renewable energy sources.</li> <li>A 3% reduction in power demand through energy-efficiency measures in 2030 compared to the demand under the Business-As-Usual scenario.\"</li> </ul> <p>Conditional target</p> <ul> <li>\"A GHG emission reduction of 30% compared to the BAU scenario in 2030.</li> <li>20% of the power and heat demand in 2030 is generated by renewable energy sources.</li> <li>A 10% reduction in power demand through energy-efficiency in 2030 compared to the demand under the BAU scenario.\"</li> </ul> <p>The INDCalso includes a section on adaptation.</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "LBR": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Liberia’s INDC includes one component on mitigation and one on adaptation. The extent of implementation of the intended contributions on mitigation and adaptation are conditioned upon the provision of adequate means of implementation by the international community (financial resources, capacity building and the transfer of technologies).\"</p><p>Liberia's mitigation contribution is to reduce total GHG emissions by 15% below a Business-As-Usual trajectory by 2030, through the implementation of four mitigation actions.</p>Liberia's adaptation contribution is to implement actions in seven key sectors - agriculture, energy, health, forestry, coastal zone, fishery, and transport/infrastructure.</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "LCA": { | |
| "value": "<p>Saint Lucia communicated mitigation targets of 23% reduction against BAU emission projections in 2030, with intermediate target of 16% reduction against BAU in 2025.</p><p>\"The mitigation targets of this iNDC are set against a Business As Usual (BAU) projection and consider emissions reductions from the Energy Demand, Electricity Generation and Transportation sectors.\"</p><p>The INDC also includes a section on adaptation.</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "LKA": { | |
| "value": "<p>Sri Lanka \"intends to reduce the GHG emissions against Business-As-Usual scenario unconditionally by 7% (Energy sector 4%, and 3% from other sectors) and conditionally 23% (Energy sector 16% and 7% from other sectors) by 2030.\"</p> <p>Sri Lanka submits its INDCs under four areas: mitigation, adaptation, lost and damage, and means of implementation.</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "LSO": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Lesotho is committed to reduce unconditionally 10% of its GHG emissions by 2030 compared to a Business-As-Usual (BAU) scenario. The conditional target is 35% by 2030.\"</p><p>Lesotho has also communicated an adaptation contribution. See the full INDC for more information.</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "MAR": { | |
| "value": "Morocco’s commitment is to reduce its GHG emissions by 32% by 2030 compared to business as usual\" projected emissions. This commitment is contingent upon gaining access to new sources of finance and enhanced support, compared to that received over the past years, within the context of a new legally-binding agreement under the auspices of the UNFCCC. This target translates into a cumulative reduction of 401 Mt CO<sub>2</sub>eq over the period 2020­-2030. Meeting this target will require an overall investment in the order of USD 45 billion, of which USD 35 billion is conditional upon international support through new climate finance mechanisms, such as the Green Climate Fund.\"<br />Morocco’s mitigation target is divided into a conditional and unconditional target: The unconditional target is a 13% reduction in GHG emissions by 2030 compared to a business as usual (BAU) scenario, while the conditional target is an additional 19% reduction achievable under certain conditions, which would bring the total GHG reduction to 32% below BAU emission levels by 2030. Note: Morocco reserves the right to revise said BAU scenario on the basis of new analysis by 2020.<br />Morocco has also submitted a section on adaptation, outlining its vision, goals, needs, and system for monitoring and evaluation." | |
| }, | |
| "MCO": { | |
| "value": "With a view to the adoption of a legally binding agreement in Paris in December 2015, the Principality of Monaco wishes to contribute to the joint effort by adopting a target to reduce its emissions by 50% by 2030, compared with the reference year of 1990<a title=\" href=#_ftn1\">[1]</a>\".<br><a title=\"\" href=\"#_ftnref1\">[1]</a>The reference year is 1990 for CO<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O. For fluorinated gases (including NF<sub>3</sub>), the reference year is 1995." | |
| }, | |
| "MDA": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"The Republic of Moldova intends to achieve an economy-wide unconditional target of reducing its greenhouse gas emissions by 64-67 per cent below its 1990 level in 2030 and to make best efforts to reduce its emissions by 67 per cent. The reduction commitment expressed above could be increased up to 78 per cent below 1990 level conditional to, a global agreement addressing important topics including low-cost financial resources, technology transfer, and technical cooperation, accessible to all at a scale commensurate to the challenge of global climate change.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "MDG": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"In 2030, Madagascar aims to reduce approximately 30 MtCO<sub>2</sub> of its emissions of GHG, representing 14% of national emissions, compared to the BAU scenario, with projections based of GHG inventory from year 2000 to 2010. This reduction is additive to the absorptions increase of the LULUCF sector, which estimated at 61 MtCO<sub>2</sub> in 2030. Total increase in GHG absorption is expected at 32%, compared to the BAU scenario.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "MDV": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"In accordance with Decisions 1/CP.19 and 1/CP.20, Maldives communicates that it intends to reduce unconditionally 10% of its Greenhouse Gases (below BAU) for the year 2030.</p> <p>The 10% reduction expressed above could be increased up to 24% in a conditional manner, in the context of sustainable development, supported and enabled by availability of financial resources, technology transfer and capacity building.\"</p> <p>The INDC also includes an Adaptation contirbution.</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "MEX": { | |
| "value": "Mexico is committed to reduce unconditionally 25% of its Greenhouse Gases and Short Lived Climate Pollutants emissions (below BAU) for the year 2030. This commitment implies a reduction of 22% of GHG and a reduction of 51% of Black Carbon.<br>This commitment implies a net emissions peak starting from 2026, decoupling GHG emissions from economic growth: emissions intensity per unit of GDP will reduce by around 40% from 2013 to 2030. <br>Mexico also submitted an Annex on adaptation, which includes descriptions of Mexico's vulnerability to climate change, adaptation actions, and capacity building, transfer of technology and finance for adaptation. A conditional reduction commitment is also communicated in the INDC." | |
| }, | |
| "MHL": { | |
| "value": "RMI commits to a quantified economy-wide target to reduce its emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) to 32% below 2010 levels by 2025.<br />RMI communicates, as an indicative target, its intention to reduce its emissions of GHGs to 45% below 2010 levels by 2030." | |
| }, | |
| "MKD": { | |
| "value": "To reduce the CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from fossil fuels combustion for 30%, that is, for 36% at a higher level of ambition, by 2030 compared to the business as usual (BAU) scenario." | |
| }, | |
| "MLI": { | |
| "value": "<p>Please note that the INDC was submitted only in French. WRI did its best to translate the INDC language. If any errors are identified, please contact us at <a href=\"mailto:[email protected]\">[email protected]</a><p>“Les niveaux des ambitions de reduction des GES du scenario d’atténuation par rapport au scenario de base sont de 29% pour l’agriculture, 31% pour l’énergie et 21% pour les forêts et le changement d’utilisation des terres.”</p> <p>The GHG mitigation scenario’s emission reduction levels, relative to the baseline scenario, are: 29% for agriculture, 31% for energy, and 21% for forests and land-use change.</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "MMR": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Myanmar would undertake mitigation actions in line with its sustainable development needs, conditional on availability of international support, as its contribution to global action to reduce future emissions of greenhouse gases. The document also presents planned and existing policies and strategies which will provide the policy framework to implement identified actions and prioritise future mitigation actions.\"</p> <p>The INDC also includes a section on Adaptation.</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "MNE": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Montenegro’s contribution to the international effort to avoid dangerous climate change is expressed [as a] 30% emission reduction by 2030 compared to the 1990 base year. The emission level of greenhouse gases for Montenegro from sectors covered by INDC was 5239 kilotons in 1990 and Montenegro pledges to reduce it at least by 1572 kilotons, to the level below or at 3667 kilotons. The reduction is to be achieved by general increase of energy efficiency, improvement of industrial technologies, increase of the share of renewables and modernization in the power sector.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "MNG": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"In its INDC, Mongolia has outlined a series of policies and measures that the country commits to implement up to 2030, in the energy, industry, agriculture and waste sectors. The expected mitigation impact of these policies and measures will be a 14% reduction in total national GHG emissions excluding Land use, land use change and forestry (LULUCF) by 2030, compared to the projected emissions under a business as usual scenario.\"<br>The INDC also includes an Annex on adaptation.</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "MOZ": { | |
| "value": "Mozambique communicated its mitigation contribution in the form of actions (policies/programmes) and also included an adaptation component in its INDC." | |
| }, | |
| "MRT": { | |
| "value": "<p><strong>“</strong>La République Islamique de Mauritanie a l’intention de contribuer à l’Accord Climat de Paris par une réduction de ses émissions de GES prévue en 2030 de 22,3%, soit 4.2 millions de tonnes équivalent dioxyde de carbone (Mt eq CO<sub>2</sub>), par rapport aux missions projetées pour la même année selon le scénario du cours normal des affaires (Business As Usual) qui évolue de 6.6 Mt eq CO<sub>2 </sub>en 2010 à 18.84 Mt eq CO<sub>2 </sub>en 2030. Ainsi, pour la période 2020-2030 le cumul des émissions évitées selon les mesures d’atténuation proposées sont d’environ 33,56Mt eq CO<sub>2</sub>.”<br /><br />The Islamic Republic of Mauritania intends to contribute to the Paris Climate Agreement by reducing its greenhouse gas emissions by 22.3% in 2030 or by 4.2 million tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (MtCO<sub>2</sub>e) compared to projected emissions for the same year in a business as usual scenario which would increase from 6.6 MtCO<sub>2</sub>e in 2010 to 18.84 MtCO<sub>2</sub>e in 2030. Thus, for the period from 2020 to 2030 avoided accumulated emissions by the proposed mitigation measures are about 33.56MtCO<sub>2</sub>e.</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "MUS": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"The Republic of Mauritius imperatively needs international technical and financial support to enable it to abate its greenhouse gas emissions by 30%, by the year 2030, relative to the business as usual scenario of 7 million metric tonnes CO<sub>2</sub> equivalent.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "MWI": { | |
| "value": "The Government of Malawi communicated mitigation and adaptation actions in its INDC, some of which will be implemented unconditionally using domestic sources; and some of which are conditional on external support in terms of capacity building, techonology development and transfer, and financial resources. " | |
| }, | |
| "MYS": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Malaysia intends to reduce its greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions intensity of GDP by 45% by 2030 relative to the emissions intensity of GDP in 2005. This consist of 35% on an unconditional basis and a further 10% is condition upon receipt of climate finance, technology transfer and capacity building from developed countries.\"</p><p>The INDC also includes a section on adaptation.</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "NAM": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Namibia aims at a reduction of about 89% of its GHG emissions at the 2030 time horizon compared to the BAU scenario. The projected GHG emissions to be avoided in 2030 is of the order of 20000 Gg CO<sub>2</sub>-eq inclusive of sequestration in the AFOLU sector and compared to the BAU scenario.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "NER": { | |
| "value": "<p>Please note that the INDC was submitted only in French. WRI did its best to translate the INDC language. If any errors are identified, please contact us at <a href=\"mailto:[email protected]\">[email protected]</a><p>“Réduction inconditionnelle de 2,5% (BAU 2020) et 3,5% (2030).<br />Réduction conditionnelle de 25% (BAU 2020) et 34,6%.(2030, soit une réduction de 33.400 GgCO<sub>2</sub>Eq).”</p> <p>Unconditional reduction of 2.5% (BAU 2020) and of 3.5% (2030).<br /> Conditional Reduction of 25% (BAU 2020) and 34.6% (2030, or a reduction of 33,400 GgCO<sub>2</sub>Eq).</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "NGA": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Unconditional contribution</p> <p>In the event an ambitious, comprehensive legally binding global agreement is reached at COP21 in Paris, Nigeria will make an unconditional contribution of 20 per cent below BAU that is consistent with the current development trends and government policy priorities. The policies and measures that will deliver these savings are cost-effective, even at the current<br />high interest rate, which constrains investment. They include improving energy efficiency by 20 percent, 13 GW of renewable electricity provided to rural communities currently off-grid, and ending gas flaring.</p> <p>Contribution conditional on international support</p> <p>Nigeria can make a significant additional contribution with international support, in the form of finance and investment, technology and capacity building. The combined policies and measures described below can deliver in a cost-effective manner direct development benefits to the country and reduce emissions 45 per cent below BAU. The key measures are<br />an increased level of energy efficiency and a significant reduction in the use of generators, while providing access to energy for all Nigerians.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "NIU": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"In line with Niue’s resilience approach to reduce dependence on imported fossil fuels, Niue will achieve a 38% share of renewable energy of total electricity generation by 2020. (In 2014 the renewable energy share was 2% and this contribution assumes assistance to address critical grid stability issues). This will in part be delivered by a 10% reduction in residential, commercial and government electricity demand by 2020. This contribution will be maintained out to 2025 and will be delivered using national resources and international assistance being identified to achieve the goals of the NiSERM.</p> <p>Conditional upon additional international assistance, Niue could increase its contribution to an 80% share of renewable energy of total electricity generation, or to even higher levels, by 2025. This would require additional support for energy storage and renewable energy generation, and strengthened frameworks for project delivery.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "NOR": { | |
| "value": "Norway is committed to a target of an at least 40% reduction of greenhouse gas emissions by 2030 compared to 1990 levels. The emission reduction target will be developed into an emissions budget covering the period 2021-2030." | |
| }, | |
| "NPL": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Nepal hereby communicates its INDC in response to the decisions of the Conference of the Parties to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change:</p> <ol> <li>Nepal has initiated the process for the formulation of National Adaptation Plans (NAPs). Therefore, Nepal's adaptation needs for future and in the context of post- 2020 will be envisioned through the NAPs.</li> <li>Nepal places climate change adaptation at the centre of its development plans and policies. It aims to strengthen implementation of Environment-Friendly Local Governance (EFLG) Framework in Village Development Committees and municipalities to complement climate change adaptation, promote renewable energy technologies, and water conservation and greenery development.</li> <li>Nepal will undertake scientific (bio-physical as well as social sciences) approaches to understand and deal with the impacts of climate change in mountains, hills and low- land ecosystems and landscapes. It will develop and implement adaptation strategies for climate change affected sectors.</li> <li>Nepal will study and understand further loss and damage associated with climate change impacts with the support from scientific and academic communities.</li> <li>Nepal plans to formulate the Low Carbon Economic Development Strategy that will envision country's future plan to promote economic development through low carbon emission with particular focus on: (i) energy; (ii) agriculture and livestock; (iii) forests; (iv) industry; (v) human settlements and wastes; (vi) transport; and vii) commercial sectors.</li> <li>By 2050, Nepal will achieve 80% electrification through renewable energy sources having appropriate energy mix. Nepal will also reduce its dependency on fossil fuels by 50%.</li> <li>Nepal aims to achieve the following target under the National Rural and Renewable Energy Programme (NRREP), reducing its dependency on biomass and making it more efficient. <table style=\"width: 100%;\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\"> <tbody> <tr> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"47%\"> <p><strong>Technologies</strong></p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"52%\"> <p><strong>Targets</strong></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"47%\"> <p>Mini and Micro Hydro Power</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"52%\"> <p>25 MW</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"47%\"> <p>Solar Home System</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"52%\"> <p>600,000 systems</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"47%\"> <p>Institutional solar power systems (solar PV and solar pumping systems)</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"52%\"> <p>1,500 systems</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"47%\"> <p>Improved water mill</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"52%\"> <p>4,000 number</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"47%\"> <p>Improved Cooking Stoves</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"52%\"> <p>475,000 stoves</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"47%\"> <p>Biogas</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"52%\"> <p>130,000 household systems, 1,000 institutional and 200 community biogas plants</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </li> <li>Nepal will develop its electrical (hydro-powered) rail network by 2040 to support mass transportation of goods and public commuting.</li> <li>Nepal will maintain 40% of the total area of the country under forest cover and forest productivity and products will be increased through sustainable management of forests. Emphasis will equally be given to enhance carbon sequestration and forest carbon storage and improve forest governance.</li> <li>By 2025, Nepal will strive to decrease the rate of air pollution through proper monitoring of sources of air pollutants like wastes, old and unmaintained vehicles, and industries.\"</li> </ol>" | |
| }, | |
| "NRU": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"The Government of the Republic of Nauru considers the focus of its INDC to be primarily adaptation, with a strong emphasis on building resilience which also encompasses mitigation in an integrated manner.\"</p> <p>\"The main mitigation contribution is to achieve the outcomes and targets under the National Energy Road Map (NERM), NSDS and recommendations under the SNC and is conditional on receiving adequate funding and resources.</p> <p>The key mitigation intervention is to replace a substantial part of the existing diesel generation with a large scale grid connected solar photovoltaic (PV) system which would assist in reducing the emissions from fossil fuels. Concurrent to the above there needs to be put in place extensive demand side energy management improvements which will complement the PV installation. The demand management improvements are expectedto reduceemissions by bringing down diesel consumption further.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "NZL": { | |
| "value": "New Zealand commits to reduce GHG emissions to 30% below 2005 levels by 2030. (This responsibility target corresponds to a reduction of 11% from 1990 levels.)</p> <br>New Zealand’s INDC will remain provisional pending confirmation of the approaches to be taken in accounting for the land sector, and confirmation of access to carbon markets." | |
| }, | |
| "OMN": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Oman will control its expected GHG emissions growth by 2% [below BAU] to be 88714 Gg [in 2030] during the period from 2020 - 2030 as depicted in the following chart.\"</p> <p>See INDC for the chart \"Total GHG Emission Outturn and Projections (1995-2030)\". The INDC also includes an adaptation contribution</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "PAK": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Pakistan is committed to reduce its emissions after reaching peak levels to the extent possible subject to affordability, provision of international climate finance, transfer of technology and capacity building. As such Pakistan will only be able to make specific commitments once reliable data on our peak emission levels is available.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "PAN": { | |
| "value": "Analysis in Progress" | |
| }, | |
| "PER": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"The Peruvian iNDC envisages a reduction of emissions equivalent to 30% in relation to the Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions of the projected Business as Usual scenario (BaU) in 2030.</p> <p>The Peruvian State considers that a 20% reduction will be implemented through domestic investment and expenses, from public and private resources (non-conditional proposal), and the remaining 10% is subject to the availability of international financing<a title=\"\" href=\"#_ftn1\">[1]</a> and the existence of favorable conditions (conditional proposal).\"</p> <p><a title=\"\" href=\"#_ftnref1\">[1]</a>It should be noted that Peru will not assume conditional commitments that might result in public debt.</p> <p>The INDC also includes a section on Adaptation.</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "PHL": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"The Philippines intends to undertake GHG (CO<sub>2</sub>e) emissions reduction of about 70% by 2030 relative to its BAU scenario of 2000-2030. Reduction of CO<sub>2</sub>e emissions will come from energy, transport, waste, forestry and industry sectors. The mitigation contribution is conditioned on the extent of financial resources, including technology development and transfer, and capacity building, that will be made available to the Philippines.\"</p> <p>The INDC also includes a section on Adaptation. See full INDC for more information.</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "PLW": { | |
| "value": "<p>Palau communicated \"absolute energy sector emissions reduction target, with additional reductions coming from the waste and transport sectors\", including the following indicative targets:</p> <ul> <li>\"22% energy sector emissions reductions below 2005 levels by 2025 ₋</li> <li>45% Renewable Energy target by 2025</li> <li>35% Energy Efficiency target by 2025\"</li> </ul>" | |
| }, | |
| "PNG": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Papua New Guinea's current economic development is seeing a growth in fuel use therefore a big effort will be to reduce fossil fuel emissions in the electricity generation sector by transitioning as far as possible to using renewable energy. The target in this respect will be 100% renewable energy by 2030, contingent on funding being made available. In addition PNG will improve energy efficiency sector wide and reduce emissions where possible in the transport and forestry sectors. The main forestry effort will be coordinated though the existing REDD+ initiative.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "PRK": { | |
| "value": "Analysis in Progress" | |
| }, | |
| "PRY": { | |
| "value": "<p>Please note that the INDC was submitted only in Spanish. WRI did its best to translate the INDC language. If any errors are identified, please contact us at <a href=\"mailto:[email protected]\">[email protected]</a></p> <p class=\"Default\">“20% de reducciones en base al comportamiento de las emisiones proyectadas al 2030.<br />Meta Unilateral: 10% de reducción de emisiones proyectadas al 2030<br />Meta Condicionada: 10% de reducción de emisiones proyectadas al 2030”</p> <p>20% reduction relative to projected emissions by 2030<br /> Unilateral Target: 10% reduction from projected emissions by 2030<br /> Conditional Target: 10% reduction from projected emissions by 2030</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "QAT": { | |
| "value": "Qatar in its INDC communicated \"Economic Diversification with Mitigation Co-benefits\" in energy efficiency, clean energy and renewables, research and development, education, and tourism. It also communicated \"Adaptation actions with Mitigation Co-benefits\" in water management. infrastructure and transport, waste management, and awareness." | |
| }, | |
| "RUS": { | |
| "value": "Limiting anthropogenic greenhouse gases in Russia to 70-75% of 1990 levels by the year 2030 might be a long-term indicator, subject to the maximum possible account of absorbing capacity of forests." | |
| }, | |
| "RWA": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Emission reductions from projected emissions resulting from the deviation of BAU emissions for the year 2030 based on policies /actions conditional on availability of international support for finance, technology and capacity building.\"</p> </p>The INDC also includes a section on Adaptation.</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "SAU": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"The Kingdom will engage in actions and plans in pursuit of economic diversification that have co-benefits in the form of greenhouse gas (GHG) emission avoidances and adaptation to the impacts of climate change, as well as reducing the impacts of response measures.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "SDN": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Sudan intends to pursue implementing low carbon development interventions in three sectors of energy, forestry and waste inline with Sudan’s national development priorities, objectives and circumstances.\"</p> <p>\"Sudan’s INDC contains both mitigation and adaptation aspects that Sudan aims to undertake towards achieving the objective of the Convention and its national development priorities.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "SEN": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Sous l'option inconditionnelle (CPDN), les réductions d’émissions par rapport à leur trajectoire prévue sont de de 3%, 4% et 5% respectivement en 2020, 2025 et 2030. Avec l’option conditionnelle (CPDN+), les réductions d’émissions attendues sont de l’ordre de 7%, 15% et 21% sur les mêmes années.”</p> <p>Under the unconditional scenario (INDC) emission reductions relative to baseline projections will be 3%, 4% and 5% in 2020, 2025 and 2030 respectively. Under the conditional scenario (INDC+), expected emission reductions will be 7%, 15% and 21% for the same years.</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "SGP": { | |
| "value": "Singapore communicates that it intends to reduce its Emissions Intensity by 36% from 2005 levels by 2030, and stabilise its emissions with the aim of peaking around 2030.<br>Singapore also submitted an Annex with accompanying information on its national circumstances and adaptation efforts." | |
| }, | |
| "SLB": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Solomon Islands is a LDC SIDS, that will nonetheless commit to reduce emissions by:<br />12% below 2015 level by 2025 and 30% below 2015 level by 2030 compared to a BaU projection.</p> <p>On the understanding that a global agreement addresses international assistance to access financial and technical resources, Solomon Islands can with international assistance, contribute a further:<br />27% reduction in GHG emissions by 2025; and<br />45% reduction in GHG emissions by 2030, compared to a BaU projection. With appropriate international assistance, Solomon Islands can reduce its emissions by more than 50% by 2050.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "SLE": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Sierra Leone's INDCs is framed in terms of desired outcomes. Through this INDC, Sierra Leone is committed to implementing specific emissions-reduction actions, such as policies or mitigation actions like advancing a feed-in tariff for renewable energy technologies, phasing out fossil fuel subsidies, or converting to no-tillage agricultural practices. As a country whose emission levels are relatively low already, Sierra Leone could not commit to a certain outcome or result - for example, reducing emissions to a specific level (a greenhouse gas outcome). The domestic situation Sierra Leone faces i.e being solely dependent on fuel imports to meet its minimum energy needs, reducing emissions further than BAU can only be achieved through country wide LEDs which the country has already adopted.\"</p> <p>\"It is against this backdrop, that this INDC intends to maintain the emission levels of Sierra Leone relatively Low (close to the world average of 7.58 MtCO<sub>2</sub>e) by 2035 or neutral by 2050 by reducing her carbon footprint and by following green growth pathways in all economic sectors.\"</p> <p>The INDC also includes a section on adaptation.</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "SLV": { | |
| "value": "<p>Please note that the INDC was submitted only in Spanish. WRI did its best to translate the INDC language. If any errors are identified, please contact us at <a href=\"mailto:[email protected]\">[email protected]</a><p>“[…] El Salvador presenta una serie de contribuciones destinadas en primer lugar, a establecer un marco de legislación y arreglos institucionales que orientan el desarrollo económico y social hacia las bajas emisiones y la adaptación al cambio climático. Asimismo, se presentan algunas metas de carácter cuantitativo hacia el año 2025 y 2030 que serán debidamente consensuadas, cuantificadas y presentadas en algunos casos antes de las COP 22 y COP23.”</p> <p>[...] El Salvador has a number of contributions in order to establish a legislative and institutional framework that can guide economic and social development towards low emissions and adaptation to climate change. Additionally, it presents some targets by 2025 and 2030, which will be quantified, agreed upon and presented before COP22 or COP23.</p> <p>El Salvador provided information about their planned actions in the following areas: institutional development; legal systems; infrastructure; water resources; agriculture, livestock and forestry; energy; health care, social welfare and transportation.</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "SMR": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"The Republic of San Marino, on the basis of the decision of the Government held on 28 September 2015, commits to reduce GHG emissions to 20% below 2005 levels by 2030.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "SOM": { | |
| "value": "Somalia communicated nine \"ready for implementation and planned adaptation and mitigation INDCs projects\" in its INDC." | |
| }, | |
| "SSD": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"South Sudan aims to undertake the policies and actions in following sectors: energy generation and use; Land Use and Land use Change; and Transport, to address its future emissions that are likely to result from growth strategies. These efforts are contingent on availability of technical assistance to develop the necessary regulations, policies, and standards as well as financial support for investing in low carbon options.\"</p> <p>\"The climate vulnerability of South Sudan’s abundant, unexploited natural resources makes it pertinent for the country’s INDC to comprise both Mitigation and Adaptation components, based on its national circumstances and in alignment with decisions 1/CP 19 and 1/CP20.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "STP": { | |
| "value": "Sao Tome and Principe's mitigation contribution is a reduction of greenhouse gases by about 57 ktCO<sub>2</sub>eq below BAU by 2030, which approximately corresponds to a 24% national emission reduction below BAU by 2030. The INDC also includes an adaptation component." | |
| }, | |
| "SUR": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Suriname has taken the initiative to move away from business as usual and to chart a course towards climate compatible development through an enabling framework which has included the preparation and approval of a National Climate Change Policy, Strategy and Action Plan (NCCPSAP). The Republic of Suriname intends to implement the NCCPSAP and will be seeking adequate resources to support this. In this regard, Suriname’s commitment is one that is unconditional as well as conditional through proposed measures of policies, strategies and actions.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "SWZ": { | |
| "value": "<p>Swaziland's INDC includes conditional mitigation and adaptation actions. As its unconditional contribution, \"Swaziland will focus human capital on mitigation [and adaptation] as a response to climate change. Swaziland will participate in research, pilot projects and planning and implementation of mitigation actions [and adaptation actions].\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "SYC": { | |
| "value": "The Republic of Seychelles will reduce its economy-wide absolute GHG emissions by 122.5 ktCO<sub>2</sub>e (21.4%) in 2025 and estimated 188 ktCO<sub>2</sub>e in 2030 (29.0%) relative to baseline emissions.<br>The INDC also includes a section on adaptation." | |
| }, | |
| "TCD": { | |
| "value": "<p>Please note that the INDC was submitted only in French. WRI did its best to translate the INDC language. If any errors are identified, please contact us at <a href=\"mailto:[email protected]\">[email protected]</a><p class=\"Default\">\"Réduction inconditionnelle de 18,2% des émissions du pays par rapport au scénario de référence à l’horizon 2030, soit environ 41 700 GgCO<sub>2</sub>e. Réduction conditionnelle de 71% des émissions du pays à l’horizon 2030, soit une réduction cumulée de 162 000 GgCO<sub>2</sub>e.\"</p> <p>Unconditional emissions reduction of 18.2% compared to the baseline in 2030, or about 41,700 GgCO<sub>2</sub>e. Conditional emissions reduction of 71% in 2030, or a cumulative reduction of 162,000 GgCO<sub>2</sub>e.</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "TGO": { | |
| "value": "<p>Unconditional target: an 11.14% reduction of GHG emissions relative to the baseline scenario.<br />Conditional target level: a 31.14% reduction of GHG emissions relative to the baseline scenario.</p> <p>The INDC also includes a section on adaptation.</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "THA": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Thailand intends to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions by 20 percent from the projected business-as-usual (BAU) level by 2030. The level of contribution could increase up to 25 percent, subject to adequate and enhanced access to technology development and transfer, financial resources and capacity building support through a balanced and ambitious global agreement under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC).\"</p> <p>The INDC also includes a section on Adaptation.</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "TJK": { | |
| "value": "<p>Tajikistan communicates an unconditional and conditional mitigation contribution:</p><p>\"Without attracting new substantial international funding\", Tajikistan communicates \"a flexible target, not exceeding 80-90% of the 1990 level by 2030, which amounts to 1.7-2.2 tons in CO<sub>2</sub> equivalent per capita\".</p><p>\"Subject to new substantial international funding and technology transfer\", Tajikistan communicates \"the potential for reducing greenhouse gas emissions...to achieve a target of 65-75% of the 1990 level by 2030, which amounts to 1.2-1.7 tons in CO<sub>2</sub> equivalent per capita\".</p><p>Tajikistan also communicates unconditional and conditional adaptation contributions. See the full INDC submission for more information.</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "TKM": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Turkmenistan considering all acceptable development options and submission of INDC and taking into account national interests and capabilities of the country, as well as analyzing developed by countries INDCs choose the contribution Type 3 (GHG goal/target), which uses a target indicator attached to per unit of GDP. Specific greenhouse gas emissions per unit of GDP are the indicator that can reflect the country's potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.\"</p><p>\"If financial and technological support is provided by developed countries, Turkmenistan could achieve zero growth in emissions and even reduce them up to 2030.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "TLS": { | |
| "value": "Analysis in Progress" | |
| }, | |
| "TON": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Taking into account its negligible emission and limited capability, Tonga’s intended contributions are designed to be quantified at the national level cascaded to the sector level as follows:</p> <ul> <li>50% of electricity generation from renewable sources by 2020. In 2015 renewable energy accounts for approximately 9% of total electricity generation, with confirmed and funded investments taking this to 13% in 2016.</li> <li>70% of electricity generation from renewable sources by 2030</li> <li>Improve Energy efficiency through reduction of electricity line losses to 9 percent by 2020 (from a baseline of 18 percent in 2010)</li> <li>To double the 2015 number of Marine Protected Areas by 2030</li> <li>Sector Emission Reduction Targets: Transport, Agriculture, Environment Friendly Waste Management and Reforestation</li> <li>Other Sectors Climate Resilience: Public Infrastructures, foreshore protection, buildings and houses.\"</li> </ul>" | |
| }, | |
| "TTO": { | |
| "value": "Trinidad and Tobago's aim is to achieve a reduction objective in overall emissions from the three sectors by 15% by 2030 from BAU, which in absolute terms is an equivalent of one hundred and three million tonnes (103,000,000) of CO<sub>2</sub>e. Trinidad and Tobago will commit to unconditionally reduce its public transportation emissions by 30% or one million, seven hundred thousand tonnes (1,700,000) CO<sub>2</sub>e compared to 2013 levels by December 31, 2030." | |
| }, | |
| "TUN": { | |
| "value": "<p>“Tunisia proposes reducing its greenhouse gas emissions across all sectors (energy; industrial processes; agriculture, forestry and other land use; waste) in order to lower its carbon intensity by 41 percent in 2030, relative to the base year 2010…Tunisia, which has already made significant strides towards mitigation in its baseline, is looking to reduce its carbon intensity unconditionally and through its own efforts by 13 percent compared to 2010, i.e. by around 1/3 of its INDC. To achieve the rest of its objective, i.e. an additional drop in carbon intensity of 28 percent in 2030 compared to 2010, Tunisia is relying on the support of the international community for funding, capacity building and technology transfer.”</p><p>Tunisia’s INDC covers both a mitigation contribution and an adaptation contribution.</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "TUR": { | |
| "value": "Up to 21 percent reduction in GHG emissions from the Business as Usual (BAU) level by 2030." | |
| }, | |
| "TUV": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Tuvalu commits to reduction of emissions of green-house gases from the electricity generation (power) sector, by 100%, ie almost zero emissions by 2025.</p> <p>Tuvalu’s indicative quantified economy-wide target for a reduction in total emissions of GHGs from the entire energy sector to 60% below 2010 levels by 2025.</p> <p>These emissions will be further reduced from the other key sectors, agriculture and waste, conditional upon the necessary technology and finance.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "UGA": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"For mitigation, Uganda is to focus on implementation of a series of policies and measures in the energy supply, forestry and wetland sectors. In the business-as-usual (BAU) scenario the estimated emissions in 2030 will be 77.3 Million tons of carbon dioxide equivalent per year (MtCO<sub>2</sub>eq/yr). The estimated potential cumulative impact of the policies and measures could result in approximately 22% reduction of national green house gas emissions in 2030 compared to business-as-usual. Uganda proposes to implement the identified policies and measures, and their impact may be higher or lower than these estimations illustrate.\"<br>\"In submitting this INDC, Uganda’s priority is adaptation.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "UKR": { | |
| "value": "Ukraine \"will not exceed 60% of 1990 GHG emisisons level in 2030.\"" | |
| }, | |
| "URY": { | |
| "value": "<p>Uruguay's INDC covers both mitigation and adaptation components.</p><p>The mitigation component of Uruguay's INDC is \"sorted by gases\" and covers 9 quantitative contributions that can be met \"with domestic resources\" and \"with additional means of implementation\", all to be achieved by 2030. The adaptation component of Uruguay's INDC outlines 10 adaptation actions that Uruguay expects to accomplish by 2030, \"with the support of external means of implementation\".</p><p>See the INDC for more information.</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "VCT": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"St. Vincent and the Grenadines intends to achieve an unconditional, economy-wide reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of 22% compared to its business as usual (BAU) scenario by 2025.\"</p><p>The INDC also includes a section on Adaptation.<p>" | |
| }, | |
| "VEN": { | |
| "value": "<p>Please note that the INDC was submitted only in Spanish. WRI did its best to translate the INDC language. If any errors are identified, please contact us at <a href=\"mailto:[email protected]\">[email protected]</a></p><p>\"Sin embargo, como parte de las políticas establecidas en el plan de desarrollo económico y social del país, Venezuela se propone implementar un Plan Nacional de Mitigación en conjunto con un Plan Nacional de Adaptación. El Plan Nacional de Mitigación apuntará a la reducción de las emisiones del país en al menos un 20% para 2030 en relación al escenario inercial, entendido este como un escenario hipotético en el cual no se implementa el plan. El grado en que se alcance esta meta dependerá del cumplimiento de los compromisos de los países desarrollados en cuanto a provisión de financiamiento, transferencia de tecnología y formación de capacidades de acuerdo al Artículo 4.7 de la Convención.\"</p><p>However, as part of the policies set forth in the plan for economic and social development of the country, Venezuela intends to implement a National Mitigation Plan in conjunction with a National Adaptation Plan. The National Mitigation Plan will aim to reduce the country's emissions by at least 20% by 2030 in relation to the baseline scenario, understood as a hypothetical scenario in which the plan is not implemented. The degree to which this goal is achieved will depend on the fulfillment of the commitments of developed countries in terms of provision of finance, technology transfer and capacity building pursuant to Article 4.7 of the Convention.</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "VNM": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"With domestic resources, by 2030 Viet Nam will reduce GHG emissions by 8% compared to BAU, in which:<br>- Emission intensity per unit of GDP will be reduced by 20% compared to the 2010 levels;<br>- Forest cover will increase to the level of 45%.</p><p>The above-mentioned contribution could be increased up to 25% with international support.\"</p><p>The INDC also includes an adaptation component.</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "VUT": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"The mitigation contribution for the Vanuatu INDC submission is a sector specific target of transitioning to close to 100% renewable energy in the electricity sector by 2030. This target would replace nearly all fossil fuel requirements for electricity generation in the country and be consistent with the National Energy Road Map (NERM) target of 65% renewable energy by 2020. This contribution would reduce emissions in the energy sector by 72Gg by 2030...The mitigation would thus reduce BAU emissions in the electricity sub-sector by 100% and in the energy sector as a whole by 30%...The target would be conditional, depending on funding commensurate with putting the transition in place being made available from external sources.\"</p><p>\"“The INDC also includes an adaptation component outlining priority needs.”</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "WSM": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Samoa is targeting the Energy Sector with a focus on the Electricity sub sector. 26% of electricity was generated from renewable energy sources in 2014.</p> <p>Samoa commits to generating 100% of its electricity from renewable energy sources by 2025. This is conditional on Samoa attaining this target in 2017 and receiving external assistance to maintain the contribution of renewable sources at 100% through to 2025. Assistance required to reach this target include human, technological and financial resources.</p> <p>Further economy-wide emissions reductions are conditional on Samoa receiving external financial assistance from the international community.\"</p> <p>See the full INDC for more information.</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "YEM": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"This INDC document proposes 14 percent GHG emission reduction target by 2030 below BAU which represents an estimated total cumulative GHG reduction of about 35 MtCO<sub>2</sub>-eq from 2020 through 2030; this includes 1 percent unconditional target and 13 percent conditional target. This document also provides an overview of provisional adaptation and mitigation needs which require international support as specified in Lima Accord recognizing the special circumstances of LDCs. However, due to the current situation in Yemen, further studies will be conducted in the future to determine the projected loss and damage of climate induced disaster risks scenarios as well as various adaptation and mitigation measures which require international support to accelerate the implementation of Yemen’s INDC.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "ZAF": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"South Africa’s emissions by 2025 and 2030 will be in a range between 398 and 614 Mt CO<sub>2</sub>–eq, as defined in national policy.\"<br />\"The adaptation component of South Africa’s INDC will address adaptation through six goals, underpinned by key elements of adaptation planning, costing of adaptation investment requirements, equity, and means of implementation.\" [Further described below]</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "ZMB": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Zambia’s INDC includes both mitigation and adaptation components based on her national circumstances and is in line with decisions 1/CP.19 and 1/CP.20. The successful implementation of Zambia’s INDC will result in an estimated total emission reduction of 38,000 GgCO<sub>2</sub>eq which translates to 47% (internationally supported efforts) against 2010 as a base year. This emission reduction is conditional and subject to the availability of international support in form of finance, technology and capacity building. The total budget for implementing both components is estimated at US$ 50 billion by the year 2030, out of this USD 35 billion is expected to come from external sources while $15 billion will be mobilized from domestic sources.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "ZWE": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"The Mitigation Contribution for Zimbabwe is given as 33% below the projected Business As Usual energy emissions per capita by 2030. This is a contribution target subject to the following conditions as a minimum:</p><p>1. “Full implementation by developed countries of their commitments relating to finance, technology and capacity pursuant to Article 4 of the Convention”;</p><p>2. Full, effective and sustained implementation of the Convention;</p><p>3. A post-2020 agreement addressing all elements set out in paragraph 5 of decision 1/CP.17 in a balanced and comprehensive manner;</p><p>4. Receiving contributions by developed countries on “all elements set out in paragraph 5 of decision 1/CP.17” relating to mitigation, adaptation, finance, technology development and transfer, and capacity-building in the context of a global and comprehensive agreement for the period beyond 2020.\"</p><p>Zimbabwe also communicates an adaptation contribution, detailing the country's long-term and near-term adaptation visions, goals and targets. See the INDC for more information.</p>" | |
| } | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "id": 5, | |
| "name": "INDC summary", | |
| "slug": "indc_summary", | |
| "labels": {}, | |
| "locations": {} | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "id": 6, | |
| "name": "Mitigation contribution type", | |
| "slug": "mitigation_contribution_type", | |
| "labels": { | |
| "4": { | |
| "name": "GHG target", | |
| "color": "#0099CC" | |
| }, | |
| "5": { | |
| "name": "Non-GHG target only", | |
| "color": "#003F6A" | |
| }, | |
| "6": { | |
| "name": "Actions only", | |
| "color": "#007A4D" | |
| }, | |
| "7": { | |
| "name": "GHG target and non-GHG target", | |
| "color": "#7d0063" | |
| }, | |
| "8": { | |
| "name": "Non-GHG target and actions", | |
| "color": "#97BD3D" | |
| }, | |
| "9": { | |
| "name": "No INDC submitted", | |
| "color": "#E1E1E1" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "locations": { | |
| "AFG": { | |
| "value": "GHG target", | |
| "label_id": 4 | |
| }, | |
| "AGO": { | |
| "value": "GHG target", | |
| "label_id": 4 | |
| }, | |
| "ALB": { | |
| "value": "GHG target", | |
| "label_id": 4 | |
| }, | |
| "AND": { | |
| "value": "GHG target", | |
| "label_id": 4 | |
| }, | |
| "ARE": { | |
| "value": "Non-GHG target and actions", | |
| "label_id": 8 | |
| }, | |
| "ARG": { | |
| "value": "GHG target", | |
| "label_id": 4 | |
| }, | |
| "ARM": { | |
| "value": "GHG target", | |
| "label_id": 4 | |
| }, | |
| "ATG": { | |
| "value": "Non-GHG target and actions", | |
| "label_id": 8 | |
| }, | |
| "AUS": { | |
| "value": "GHG target", | |
| "label_id": 4 | |
| }, | |
| "AZE": { | |
| "value": "GHG target", | |
| "label_id": 4 | |
| }, | |
| "BDI": { | |
| "value": "GHG target", | |
| "label_id": 4 | |
| }, | |
| "BEN": { | |
| "value": "Actions only", | |
| "label_id": 6 | |
| }, | |
| "BFA": { | |
| "value": "GHG target and non-GHG target", | |
| "label_id": 7 | |
| }, | |
| "BGD": { | |
| "value": "GHG target", | |
| "label_id": 4 | |
| }, | |
| "BHR": { | |
| "value": "Actions only", | |
| "label_id": 6 | |
| }, | |
| "BIH": { | |
| "value": "GHG target", | |
| "label_id": 4 | |
| }, | |
| "BLR": { | |
| "value": "GHG target and non-GHG target", | |
| "label_id": 7 | |
| }, | |
| "BLZ": { | |
| "value": "Actions only", | |
| "label_id": 6 | |
| }, | |
| "BOL": { | |
| "value": "Non-GHG target and actions", | |
| "label_id": 8 | |
| }, | |
| "BRA": { | |
| "value": "GHG target", | |
| "label_id": 4 | |
| }, | |
| "BRB": { | |
| "value": "GHG target", | |
| "label_id": 4 | |
| }, | |
| "BRN": { | |
| "value": "GHG target and non-GHG target", | |
| "label_id": 7 | |
| }, | |
| "BTN": { | |
| "value": "GHG target and non-GHG target", | |
| "label_id": 7 | |
| }, | |
| "BWA": { | |
| "value": "GHG target", | |
| "label_id": 4 | |
| }, | |
| "CAF": { | |
| "value": "GHG target", | |
| "label_id": 4 | |
| }, | |
| "CAN": { | |
| "value": "GHG target", | |
| "label_id": 4 | |
| }, | |
| "CHE": { | |
| "value": "GHG target", | |
| "label_id": 4 | |
| }, | |
| "CHL": { | |
| "value": "GHG target and non-GHG target", | |
| "label_id": 7 | |
| }, | |
| "CHN": { | |
| "value": "GHG target and non-GHG target", | |
| "label_id": 7 | |
| }, | |
| "CMR": { | |
| "value": "GHG target", | |
| "label_id": 4 | |
| }, | |
| "COD": { | |
| "value": "GHG target", | |
| "label_id": 4 | |
| }, | |
| "COG": { | |
| "value": "GHG target", | |
| "label_id": 4 | |
| }, | |
| "COK": { | |
| "value": "GHG target and non-GHG target", | |
| "label_id": 7 | |
| }, | |
| "COL": { | |
| "value": "GHG target", | |
| "label_id": 4 | |
| }, | |
| "COM": { | |
| "value": "GHG target", | |
| "label_id": 4 | |
| }, | |
| "CPV": { | |
| "value": "Non-GHG target and actions", | |
| "label_id": 8 | |
| }, | |
| "CRI": { | |
| "value": "GHG target", | |
| "label_id": 4 | |
| }, | |
| "CUB": { | |
| "value": "Actions only", | |
| "label_id": 6 | |
| }, | |
| "DJI": { | |
| "value": "GHG target", | |
| "label_id": 4 | |
| }, | |
| "DMA": { | |
| "value": "GHG target", | |
| "label_id": 4 | |
| }, | |
| "DOM": { | |
| "value": "GHG target", | |
| "label_id": 4 | |
| }, | |
| "DZA": { | |
| "value": "GHG target", | |
| "label_id": 4 | |
| }, | |
| "ECU": { | |
| "value": "GHG target and non-GHG target", | |
| "label_id": 7 | |
| }, | |
| "EGY": { | |
| "value": "Actions only", | |
| "label_id": 6 | |
| }, | |
| "ERI": { | |
| "value": "GHG target", | |
| "label_id": 4 | |
| }, | |
| "ETH": { | |
| "value": "GHG target", | |
| "label_id": 4 | |
| }, | |
| "EU28": { | |
| "value": "GHG target", | |
| "label_id": 4 | |
| }, | |
| "FJI": { | |
| "value": "GHG target and non-GHG target", | |
| "label_id": 7 | |
| }, | |
| "GAB": { | |
| "value": "GHG target and non-GHG target", | |
| "label_id": 7 | |
| }, | |
| "GEO": { | |
| "value": "GHG target and non-GHG target", | |
| "label_id": 7 | |
| }, | |
| "GHA": { | |
| "value": "GHG target", | |
| "label_id": 4 | |
| }, | |
| "GIN": { | |
| "value": "GHG target", | |
| "label_id": 4 | |
| }, | |
| "GMB": { | |
| "value": "Actions only", | |
| "label_id": 6 | |
| }, | |
| "GNQ": { | |
| "value": "GHG target", | |
| "label_id": 4 | |
| }, | |
| "GRD": { | |
| "value": "GHG target", | |
| "label_id": 4 | |
| }, | |
| "GTM": { | |
| "value": "GHG target", | |
| "label_id": 4 | |
| }, | |
| "GUY": { | |
| "value": "Actions only", | |
| "label_id": 6 | |
| }, | |
| "HND": { | |
| "value": "GHG target and non-GHG target", | |
| "label_id": 7 | |
| }, | |
| "HTI": { | |
| "value": "GHG target", | |
| "label_id": 4 | |
| }, | |
| "IDN": { | |
| "value": "GHG target and non-GHG target", | |
| "label_id": 7 | |
| }, | |
| "IND": { | |
| "value": "GHG target and non-GHG target", | |
| "label_id": 7 | |
| }, | |
| "IRN": { | |
| "value": "GHG target", | |
| "label_id": 4 | |
| }, | |
| "IRQ": { | |
| "value": "GHG target", | |
| "label_id": 4 | |
| }, | |
| "ISL": { | |
| "value": "GHG target", | |
| "label_id": 4 | |
| }, | |
| "ISR": { | |
| "value": "GHG target", | |
| "label_id": 4 | |
| }, | |
| "JAM": { | |
| "value": "GHG target", | |
| "label_id": 4 | |
| }, | |
| "JOR": { | |
| "value": "GHG target and non-GHG target", | |
| "label_id": 7 | |
| }, | |
| "JPN": { | |
| "value": "GHG target", | |
| "label_id": 4 | |
| }, | |
| "KAZ": { | |
| "value": "GHG target", | |
| "label_id": 4 | |
| }, | |
| "KEN": { | |
| "value": "GHG target", | |
| "label_id": 4 | |
| }, | |
| "KGZ": { | |
| "value": "GHG target", | |
| "label_id": 4 | |
| }, | |
| "KHM": { | |
| "value": "GHG target", | |
| "label_id": 4 | |
| }, | |
| "KIR": { | |
| "value": "GHG target", | |
| "label_id": 4 | |
| }, | |
| "KNA": { | |
| "value": "GHG target", | |
| "label_id": 4 | |
| }, | |
| "KOR": { | |
| "value": "GHG target", | |
| "label_id": 4 | |
| }, | |
| "KWT": { | |
| "value": "Actions only", | |
| "label_id": 6 | |
| }, | |
| "LAO": { | |
| "value": "Actions only", | |
| "label_id": 8 | |
| }, | |
| "LBN": { | |
| "value": "GHG target and non-GHG target", | |
| "label_id": 7 | |
| }, | |
| "LBR": { | |
| "value": "GHG target and non-GHG target", | |
| "label_id": 7 | |
| }, | |
| "LCA": { | |
| "value": "GHG target", | |
| "label_id": 4 | |
| }, | |
| "LKA": { | |
| "value": "GHG target", | |
| "label_id": 4 | |
| }, | |
| "LSO": { | |
| "value": "GHG target", | |
| "label_id": 4 | |
| }, | |
| "MAR": { | |
| "value": "GHG target", | |
| "label_id": 4 | |
| }, | |
| "MCO": { | |
| "value": "GHG target", | |
| "label_id": 4 | |
| }, | |
| "MDA": { | |
| "value": "GHG target", | |
| "label_id": 4 | |
| }, | |
| "MDG": { | |
| "value": "GHG target", | |
| "label_id": 4 | |
| }, | |
| "MDV": { | |
| "value": "GHG target", | |
| "label_id": 4 | |
| }, | |
| "MEX": { | |
| "value": "GHG target", | |
| "label_id": 4 | |
| }, | |
| "MHL": { | |
| "value": "GHG target", | |
| "label_id": 4 | |
| }, | |
| "MKD": { | |
| "value": "GHG target", | |
| "label_id": 4 | |
| }, | |
| "MLI": { | |
| "value": "GHG target", | |
| "label_id": 4 | |
| }, | |
| "MMR": { | |
| "value": "Actions only", | |
| "label_id": 6 | |
| }, | |
| "MNE": { | |
| "value": "GHG target", | |
| "label_id": 4 | |
| }, | |
| "MNG": { | |
| "value": "Actions only", | |
| "label_id": 6 | |
| }, | |
| "MOZ": { | |
| "value": "Actions only", | |
| "label_id": 6 | |
| }, | |
| "MRT": { | |
| "value": "GHG target", | |
| "label_id": 4 | |
| }, | |
| "MUS": { | |
| "value": "GHG target", | |
| "label_id": 4 | |
| }, | |
| "MWI": { | |
| "value": "Actions only", | |
| "label_id": 6 | |
| }, | |
| "MYS": { | |
| "value": "GHG target", | |
| "label_id": 4 | |
| }, | |
| "NAM": { | |
| "value": "GHG target", | |
| "label_id": 4 | |
| }, | |
| "NER": { | |
| "value": "GHG target", | |
| "label_id": 4 | |
| }, | |
| "NGA": { | |
| "value": "GHG target", | |
| "label_id": 4 | |
| }, | |
| "NIU": { | |
| "value": "Non-GHG target", | |
| "label_id": 5 | |
| }, | |
| "NOR": { | |
| "value": "GHG target", | |
| "label_id": 4 | |
| }, | |
| "NPL": { | |
| "value": "Non-GHG target and actions", | |
| "label_id": 8 | |
| }, | |
| "NRU": { | |
| "value": "<p>Non-GHG target and actions</p> <p>\"Being a Small Island Development State and a developing country with lowest total emissions in the world, Nauru’s mitigation contributions are non-GHG targets through implementation of conditional and unconditional policies, measures and actions. Nauru also recognizes that mitigation contributions from developed countries may be absolute economy-wide emissions reduction targets relative to a base year while the developing countries can communicate policies, measures and actions departing from business as usual emissions.\"</p>", | |
| "label_id": 8 | |
| }, | |
| "NZL": { | |
| "value": "GHG target", | |
| "label_id": 4 | |
| }, | |
| "OMN": { | |
| "value": "GHG target", | |
| "label_id": 4 | |
| }, | |
| "PAK": { | |
| "value": "GHG target", | |
| "label_id": 4 | |
| }, | |
| "PAN": { | |
| "value": "Analysis in progress" | |
| }, | |
| "PER": { | |
| "value": "GHG target", | |
| "label_id": 4 | |
| }, | |
| "PHL": { | |
| "value": "GHG target", | |
| "label_id": 4 | |
| }, | |
| "PLW": { | |
| "value": "GHG target and non-GHG target", | |
| "label_id": 7 | |
| }, | |
| "PNG": { | |
| "value": "Non-GHG target and actions", | |
| "label_id": 8 | |
| }, | |
| "PRK": { | |
| "value": "Analysis in progress" | |
| }, | |
| "PRY": { | |
| "value": "GHG target", | |
| "label_id": 4 | |
| }, | |
| "QAT": { | |
| "value": "Actions only", | |
| "label_id": 6 | |
| }, | |
| "RUS": { | |
| "value": "GHG target", | |
| "label_id": 4 | |
| }, | |
| "RWA": { | |
| "value": "GHG target", | |
| "label_id": 4 | |
| }, | |
| "SAU": { | |
| "value": "Actions only", | |
| "label_id": 6 | |
| }, | |
| "SDN": { | |
| "value": "Non-GHG target and actions", | |
| "label_id": 8 | |
| }, | |
| "SEN": { | |
| "value": "GHG target", | |
| "label_id": 4 | |
| }, | |
| "SGP": { | |
| "value": "GHG target", | |
| "label_id": 4 | |
| }, | |
| "SLB": { | |
| "value": "GHG target and actions", | |
| "label_id": 4 | |
| }, | |
| "SLE": { | |
| "value": "Actions only", | |
| "label_id": 6 | |
| }, | |
| "SLV": { | |
| "value": "Actions only", | |
| "label_id": 6 | |
| }, | |
| "SMR": { | |
| "value": "GHG target", | |
| "label_id": 4 | |
| }, | |
| "SOM": { | |
| "value": "Actions only", | |
| "label_id": 6 | |
| }, | |
| "SSD": { | |
| "value": "Actions only", | |
| "label_id": 6 | |
| }, | |
| "STP": { | |
| "value": "GHG target", | |
| "label_id": 4 | |
| }, | |
| "SUR": { | |
| "value": "Actions only", | |
| "label_id": 6 | |
| }, | |
| "SWZ": { | |
| "value": "Actions only", | |
| "label_id": 6 | |
| }, | |
| "SYC": { | |
| "value": "GHG target", | |
| "label_id": 4 | |
| }, | |
| "TCD": { | |
| "value": "GHG target", | |
| "label_id": 4 | |
| }, | |
| "TGO": { | |
| "value": "GHG target", | |
| "label_id": 4 | |
| }, | |
| "THA": { | |
| "value": "GHG target", | |
| "label_id": 4 | |
| }, | |
| "TJK": { | |
| "value": "GHG target", | |
| "label_id": 4 | |
| }, | |
| "TKM": { | |
| "value": "GHG target", | |
| "label_id": 4 | |
| }, | |
| "TLS": { | |
| "value": "Analysis in progress" | |
| }, | |
| "TON": { | |
| "value": "Non-GHG target", | |
| "label_id": 5 | |
| }, | |
| "TTO": { | |
| "value": "GHG target", | |
| "label_id": 4 | |
| }, | |
| "TUN": { | |
| "value": "GHG target", | |
| "label_id": 4 | |
| }, | |
| "TUR": { | |
| "value": "GHG target", | |
| "label_id": 4 | |
| }, | |
| "TUV": { | |
| "value": "GHG target", | |
| "label_id": 4 | |
| }, | |
| "UGA": { | |
| "value": "Actions only", | |
| "label_id": 6 | |
| }, | |
| "UKR": { | |
| "value": "GHG target", | |
| "label_id": 4 | |
| }, | |
| "URY": { | |
| "value": "GHG target", | |
| "label_id": 4 | |
| }, | |
| "VCT": { | |
| "value": "GHG target", | |
| "label_id": 4 | |
| }, | |
| "VEN": { | |
| "value": "GHG target", | |
| "label_id": 4 | |
| }, | |
| "VNM": { | |
| "value": "GHG target and non-GHG target", | |
| "label_id": 7 | |
| }, | |
| "VUT": { | |
| "value": "Non-GHG target", | |
| "label_id": 5 | |
| }, | |
| "WSM": { | |
| "value": "Non-GHG target", | |
| "label_id": 5 | |
| }, | |
| "YEM": { | |
| "value": "GHG target", | |
| "label_id": 4 | |
| }, | |
| "ZAF": { | |
| "value": "GHG target", | |
| "label_id": 4 | |
| }, | |
| "ZMB": { | |
| "value": "GHG target", | |
| "label_id": 4 | |
| }, | |
| "ZWE": { | |
| "value": "GHG target", | |
| "label_id": 4 | |
| } | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "id": 7, | |
| "name": "GHG target type", | |
| "slug": "ghg_target_type", | |
| "labels": { | |
| "10": { | |
| "name": "Base year target", | |
| "color": "#003F6A" | |
| }, | |
| "11": { | |
| "name": "Fixed level target", | |
| "color": "#007A4D" | |
| }, | |
| "12": { | |
| "name": "Baseline scenario target", | |
| "color": "#97BD3D" | |
| }, | |
| "13": { | |
| "name": "Intensity target", | |
| "color": "#F0AB00" | |
| }, | |
| "14": { | |
| "name": "Trajectory target", | |
| "color": "#7d0063" | |
| }, | |
| "15": { | |
| "name": "Intensity target and Trajectory target", | |
| "color": "#0099CC" | |
| }, | |
| "16": { | |
| "name": "Not Applicable", | |
| "color": "#9b9b9b" | |
| }, | |
| "17": { | |
| "name": "No INDC submitted", | |
| "color": "#E1E1E1" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "locations": { | |
| "AFG": { | |
| "value": "Baseline scenario target", | |
| "label_id": 12 | |
| }, | |
| "AGO": { | |
| "value": "Baseline scenario target", | |
| "label_id": 12 | |
| }, | |
| "ALB": { | |
| "value": "Baseline scenario target", | |
| "label_id": 12 | |
| }, | |
| "AND": { | |
| "value": "Baseline scenario target<br>\"Réduction absolue par rapport aux émissions non absorbées du scénario Business as usual, définies sur la base du Premier rapport bisannuel de l’Andorre à la Convention cadre de Nations unies sur les changements climatiques (2014).\"<br />Absolute reduction from the unabsorbed emissions of the business-as-usual scenario, defined on the basis of the First Biennial Report of Andorra to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (2014).", | |
| "label_id": 12 | |
| }, | |
| "ARE": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 16 | |
| }, | |
| "ARG": { | |
| "value": "Baseline scenario target", | |
| "label_id": 12 | |
| }, | |
| "ARM": { | |
| "value": "Fixed level target", | |
| "label_id": 11 | |
| }, | |
| "ATG": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 16 | |
| }, | |
| "AUS": { | |
| "value": "Base year target", | |
| "label_id": 10 | |
| }, | |
| "AZE": { | |
| "value": "Base year target", | |
| "label_id": 10 | |
| }, | |
| "BDI": { | |
| "value": "Baseline scenario target", | |
| "label_id": 12 | |
| }, | |
| "BEN": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 16 | |
| }, | |
| "BFA": { | |
| "value": "Baseline scenario target", | |
| "label_id": 12 | |
| }, | |
| "BGD": { | |
| "value": "Baseline scenario target", | |
| "label_id": 12 | |
| }, | |
| "BHR": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 16 | |
| }, | |
| "BIH": { | |
| "value": "Baseline scenario target, also stated as a base year target.", | |
| "label_id": 12 | |
| }, | |
| "BLR": { | |
| "value": "Base year target", | |
| "label_id": 10 | |
| }, | |
| "BLZ": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 16 | |
| }, | |
| "BOL": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 16 | |
| }, | |
| "BRA": { | |
| "value": "Base year target", | |
| "label_id": 10 | |
| }, | |
| "BRB": { | |
| "value": "Baseline scenario target, also stated as a base year target.<br>\"Absolute economy-wide emission reduction contribution (against BAU and base year)\"", | |
| "label_id": 12 | |
| }, | |
| "BRN": { | |
| "value": "Baseline scenario target", | |
| "label_id": 12 | |
| }, | |
| "BTN": { | |
| "value": "Fixed level target", | |
| "label_id": 11 | |
| }, | |
| "BWA": { | |
| "value": "Base year target", | |
| "label_id": 10 | |
| }, | |
| "CAF": { | |
| "value": "Baseline scenario target", | |
| "label_id": 12 | |
| }, | |
| "CAN": { | |
| "value": "Base year target (\"Absolute reduction from base-year emissions\")", | |
| "label_id": 10 | |
| }, | |
| "CHE": { | |
| "value": "Base year target", | |
| "label_id": 10 | |
| }, | |
| "CHL": { | |
| "value": "Intensity target", | |
| "label_id": 13 | |
| }, | |
| "CHN": { | |
| "value": "Intensity target, Trajectory target", | |
| "label_id": 15 | |
| }, | |
| "CMR": { | |
| "value": "Baseline scenario target", | |
| "label_id": 12 | |
| }, | |
| "COD": { | |
| "value": "Baseline scenario target", | |
| "label_id": 12 | |
| }, | |
| "COG": { | |
| "value": "Baseline scenario target", | |
| "label_id": 12 | |
| }, | |
| "COK": { | |
| "value": "Base year target", | |
| "label_id": 10 | |
| }, | |
| "COL": { | |
| "value": "Baseline scenario target", | |
| "label_id": 12 | |
| }, | |
| "COM": { | |
| "value": "Baseline scenario target", | |
| "label_id": 12 | |
| }, | |
| "CPV": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 16 | |
| }, | |
| "CRI": { | |
| "value": "Fixed level target", | |
| "label_id": 11 | |
| }, | |
| "CUB": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 16 | |
| }, | |
| "DJI": { | |
| "value": "Baseline scenario target", | |
| "label_id": 12 | |
| }, | |
| "DMA": { | |
| "value": "Base year target", | |
| "label_id": 10 | |
| }, | |
| "DOM": { | |
| "value": "Base year target", | |
| "label_id": 10 | |
| }, | |
| "DZA": { | |
| "value": "Baseline scenario target", | |
| "label_id": 12 | |
| }, | |
| "ECU": { | |
| "value": "Baseline scenario target", | |
| "label_id": 12 | |
| }, | |
| "EGY": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 16 | |
| }, | |
| "ERI": { | |
| "value": "Baseline scenario target", | |
| "label_id": 12 | |
| }, | |
| "ETH": { | |
| "value": "Fixed level target", | |
| "label_id": 11 | |
| }, | |
| "EU28": { | |
| "value": "Base year target (\"Absolute reduction from base year emissions\")", | |
| "label_id": 10 | |
| }, | |
| "FJI": { | |
| "value": "Baseline scenario target", | |
| "label_id": 12 | |
| }, | |
| "GAB": { | |
| "value": "Baseline scenario target (\"Réduction par rapport à un scénario de développement non maîtrisé\", Emissions reduction relative to a baseline)", | |
| "label_id": 12 | |
| }, | |
| "GEO": { | |
| "value": "Baseline scenario target", | |
| "label_id": 12 | |
| }, | |
| "GHA": { | |
| "value": "Baseline scenario target", | |
| "label_id": 12 | |
| }, | |
| "GIN": { | |
| "value": "Base year target", | |
| "label_id": 10 | |
| }, | |
| "GMB": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 16 | |
| }, | |
| "GNQ": { | |
| "value": "Base year target", | |
| "label_id": 10 | |
| }, | |
| "GRD": { | |
| "value": "Base year target", | |
| "label_id": 10 | |
| }, | |
| "GTM": { | |
| "value": "Baseline scenario target", | |
| "label_id": 12 | |
| }, | |
| "GUY": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 16 | |
| }, | |
| "HND": { | |
| "value": "Baseline scenario target", | |
| "label_id": 12 | |
| }, | |
| "HTI": { | |
| "value": "Baseline scenario target", | |
| "label_id": 12 | |
| }, | |
| "IDN": { | |
| "value": "Baseline scenario target", | |
| "label_id": 12 | |
| }, | |
| "IND": { | |
| "value": "Intensity target", | |
| "label_id": 13 | |
| }, | |
| "IRN": { | |
| "value": "Baseline scenario target", | |
| "label_id": 12 | |
| }, | |
| "IRQ": { | |
| "value": "Baseline scenario target", | |
| "label_id": 12 | |
| }, | |
| "ISL": { | |
| "value": "Base year target", | |
| "label_id": 10 | |
| }, | |
| "ISR": { | |
| "value": "Intensity target", | |
| "label_id": 13 | |
| }, | |
| "JAM": { | |
| "value": "Baseline scenario target", | |
| "label_id": 12 | |
| }, | |
| "JOR": { | |
| "value": "Baseline scenario target", | |
| "label_id": 12 | |
| }, | |
| "JPN": { | |
| "value": "Base year target", | |
| "label_id": 10 | |
| }, | |
| "KAZ": { | |
| "value": "Base year target", | |
| "label_id": 10 | |
| }, | |
| "KEN": { | |
| "value": "Baseline scenario target", | |
| "label_id": 12 | |
| }, | |
| "KGZ": { | |
| "value": "Baseline scenario target", | |
| "label_id": 12 | |
| }, | |
| "KHM": { | |
| "value": "Baseline scenario target", | |
| "label_id": 12 | |
| }, | |
| "KIR": { | |
| "value": "Baseline scenario target", | |
| "label_id": 12 | |
| }, | |
| "KNA": { | |
| "value": "Baseline scenario target", | |
| "label_id": 12 | |
| }, | |
| "KOR": { | |
| "value": "Baseline scenario target", | |
| "label_id": 12 | |
| }, | |
| "KWT": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 16 | |
| }, | |
| "LAO": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 16 | |
| }, | |
| "LBN": { | |
| "value": "Baseline scenario target", | |
| "label_id": 12 | |
| }, | |
| "LBR": { | |
| "value": "Baseline scenario target", | |
| "label_id": 12 | |
| }, | |
| "LCA": { | |
| "value": "Baseline scenario target", | |
| "label_id": 12 | |
| }, | |
| "LKA": { | |
| "value": "Baseline scenario target", | |
| "label_id": 12 | |
| }, | |
| "LSO": { | |
| "value": "Baseline scenario target", | |
| "label_id": 12 | |
| }, | |
| "MAR": { | |
| "value": "Baseline scenario target", | |
| "label_id": 12 | |
| }, | |
| "MCO": { | |
| "value": "Base year target", | |
| "label_id": 10 | |
| }, | |
| "MDA": { | |
| "value": "Base year target", | |
| "label_id": 10 | |
| }, | |
| "MDG": { | |
| "value": "Baseline scenario target", | |
| "label_id": 12 | |
| }, | |
| "MDV": { | |
| "value": "Baseline scenario target", | |
| "label_id": 12 | |
| }, | |
| "MEX": { | |
| "value": "Baseline scenario target (\"Emissions reduction relative to a baseline\"), also implies a trajectory target and intensity target.", | |
| "label_id": 12 | |
| }, | |
| "MHL": { | |
| "value": "Base year target (\"Absolute economy-wide emission reduction target (excluding LULUCF)\")", | |
| "label_id": 10 | |
| }, | |
| "MKD": { | |
| "value": "Baseline scenario target", | |
| "label_id": 12 | |
| }, | |
| "MLI": { | |
| "value": "Baseline scenario target", | |
| "label_id": 12 | |
| }, | |
| "MMR": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 16 | |
| }, | |
| "MNE": { | |
| "value": "Base year target", | |
| "label_id": 10 | |
| }, | |
| "MNG": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 16 | |
| }, | |
| "MOZ": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 16 | |
| }, | |
| "MRT": { | |
| "value": "Baseline scenario target", | |
| "label_id": 12 | |
| }, | |
| "MUS": { | |
| "value": "Baseline scenario target", | |
| "label_id": 12 | |
| }, | |
| "MWI": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 16 | |
| }, | |
| "MYS": { | |
| "value": "Intensity target", | |
| "label_id": 13 | |
| }, | |
| "NAM": { | |
| "value": "Baseline scenario target", | |
| "label_id": 12 | |
| }, | |
| "NER": { | |
| "value": "Baseline scenario target", | |
| "label_id": 12 | |
| }, | |
| "NGA": { | |
| "value": "Baseline scenario target", | |
| "label_id": 12 | |
| }, | |
| "NIU": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 16 | |
| }, | |
| "NOR": { | |
| "value": "Base year target (\"Absolute emission reduction from base year emissions\")", | |
| "label_id": 10 | |
| }, | |
| "NPL": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 16 | |
| }, | |
| "NRU": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 16 | |
| }, | |
| "NZL": { | |
| "value": "Base year target", | |
| "label_id": 10 | |
| }, | |
| "OMN": { | |
| "value": "Fixed level target", | |
| "label_id": 11 | |
| }, | |
| "PAK": { | |
| "value": "Trajectory target", | |
| "label_id": 14 | |
| }, | |
| "PAN": { | |
| "value": "Analysis in progress" | |
| }, | |
| "PER": { | |
| "value": "Baseline scenario target", | |
| "label_id": 12 | |
| }, | |
| "PHL": { | |
| "value": "Baseline scenario target", | |
| "label_id": 12 | |
| }, | |
| "PLW": { | |
| "value": "Base year target", | |
| "label_id": 10 | |
| }, | |
| "PNG": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 16 | |
| }, | |
| "PRK": { | |
| "value": "Analysis in progress" | |
| }, | |
| "PRY": { | |
| "value": "Baseline scenario target", | |
| "label_id": 12 | |
| }, | |
| "QAT": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 16 | |
| }, | |
| "RUS": { | |
| "value": "Base year target", | |
| "label_id": 10 | |
| }, | |
| "RWA": { | |
| "value": "Baseline scenario target", | |
| "label_id": 12 | |
| }, | |
| "SAU": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 16 | |
| }, | |
| "SDN": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 16 | |
| }, | |
| "SEN": { | |
| "value": "Baseline scenario target", | |
| "label_id": 12 | |
| }, | |
| "SGP": { | |
| "value": "Intensity target, Trajectory target", | |
| "label_id": 15 | |
| }, | |
| "SLB": { | |
| "value": "Baseline scenario target", | |
| "label_id": 12 | |
| }, | |
| "SLE": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 16 | |
| }, | |
| "SLV": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 16 | |
| }, | |
| "SMR": { | |
| "value": "Base year target", | |
| "label_id": 10 | |
| }, | |
| "SOM": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 16 | |
| }, | |
| "SSD": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 16 | |
| }, | |
| "STP": { | |
| "value": "Baseline scenario target", | |
| "label_id": 12 | |
| }, | |
| "SUR": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 16 | |
| }, | |
| "SWZ": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 16 | |
| }, | |
| "SYC": { | |
| "value": "Baseline scenario target", | |
| "label_id": 12 | |
| }, | |
| "TCD": { | |
| "value": "Baseline scenario target", | |
| "label_id": 12 | |
| }, | |
| "TGO": { | |
| "value": "Baseline scenario target", | |
| "label_id": 12 | |
| }, | |
| "THA": { | |
| "value": "Baseline scenario target", | |
| "label_id": 12 | |
| }, | |
| "TJK": { | |
| "value": "Base year target", | |
| "label_id": 10 | |
| }, | |
| "TKM": { | |
| "value": "Intensity target", | |
| "label_id": 13 | |
| }, | |
| "TLS": { | |
| "value": "Analysis in progress" | |
| }, | |
| "TON": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 16 | |
| }, | |
| "TTO": { | |
| "value": "Baseline scenario target", | |
| "label_id": 12 | |
| }, | |
| "TUN": { | |
| "value": "Intensity target", | |
| "label_id": 13 | |
| }, | |
| "TUR": { | |
| "value": "Baseline scenario target", | |
| "label_id": 12 | |
| }, | |
| "TUV": { | |
| "value": "Base year target", | |
| "label_id": 10 | |
| }, | |
| "UGA": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 16 | |
| }, | |
| "UKR": { | |
| "value": "Base year target", | |
| "label_id": 10 | |
| }, | |
| "URY": { | |
| "value": "Uruguay has outlined 8 intensity targets and 1 fixed level target.", | |
| "label_id": 13 | |
| }, | |
| "VCT": { | |
| "value": "Baseline scenario target", | |
| "label_id": 12 | |
| }, | |
| "VEN": { | |
| "value": "Baseline scenario target", | |
| "label_id": 12 | |
| }, | |
| "VNM": { | |
| "value": "Baseline scenario target", | |
| "label_id": 12 | |
| }, | |
| "VUT": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 16 | |
| }, | |
| "WSM": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 16 | |
| }, | |
| "YEM": { | |
| "value": "Baseline scenario target", | |
| "label_id": 12 | |
| }, | |
| "ZAF": { | |
| "value": "Trajectory target", | |
| "label_id": 14 | |
| }, | |
| "ZMB": { | |
| "value": "Baseline scenario target", | |
| "label_id": 12 | |
| }, | |
| "ZWE": { | |
| "value": "Baseline scenario target", | |
| "label_id": 12 | |
| } | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "id": 8, | |
| "name": "Non-GHG target type", | |
| "slug": "nonghg_target_type", | |
| "labels": { | |
| "18": { | |
| "name": "Renewable energy target", | |
| "color": "#003F6A" | |
| }, | |
| "19": { | |
| "name": "Energy efficiency target", | |
| "color": "#007A4D" | |
| }, | |
| "20": { | |
| "name": "Forestry target", | |
| "color": "#97BD3D" | |
| }, | |
| "21": { | |
| "name": "Multiple non-GHG targets", | |
| "color": "#F0AB00" | |
| }, | |
| "22": { | |
| "name": "Not Applicable", | |
| "color": "#9b9b9b" | |
| }, | |
| "23": { | |
| "name": "No INDC submitted", | |
| "color": "#E1E1E1" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "locations": { | |
| "AFG": { | |
| "value": "Renewable energy target", | |
| "label_id": 18 | |
| }, | |
| "AGO": { | |
| "value": "Forestry target", | |
| "label_id": 20 | |
| }, | |
| "ALB": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 22 | |
| }, | |
| "AND": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 22 | |
| }, | |
| "ARE": { | |
| "value": "Renewable energy target", | |
| "label_id": 18 | |
| }, | |
| "ARG": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 22 | |
| }, | |
| "ARM": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 22 | |
| }, | |
| "ATG": { | |
| "value": "Renewable energy target", | |
| "label_id": 18 | |
| }, | |
| "AUS": { | |
| "value": "Renewable energy target", | |
| "label_id": 18 | |
| }, | |
| "AZE": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 22 | |
| }, | |
| "BDI": { | |
| "value": "Multiple non-GHG targets", | |
| "label_id": 21 | |
| }, | |
| "BEN": { | |
| "value": "Multiple non-GHG targets", | |
| "label_id": 21 | |
| }, | |
| "BFA": { | |
| "value": "Forestry target", | |
| "label_id": 20 | |
| }, | |
| "BGD": { | |
| "value": "Renewable energy target", | |
| "label_id": 18 | |
| }, | |
| "BHR": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 22 | |
| }, | |
| "BIH": { | |
| "value": "Renewable energy target", | |
| "label_id": 18 | |
| }, | |
| "BLR": { | |
| "value": "Forestry target", | |
| "label_id": 20 | |
| }, | |
| "BLZ": { | |
| "value": "Renewable energy target", | |
| "label_id": 18 | |
| }, | |
| "BOL": { | |
| "value": "Renewable energy target", | |
| "label_id": 18 | |
| }, | |
| "BRA": { | |
| "value": "Renewable energy target", | |
| "label_id": 18 | |
| }, | |
| "BRB": { | |
| "value": "Renewable energy target", | |
| "label_id": 18 | |
| }, | |
| "BRN": { | |
| "value": "Multiple non-GHG targets", | |
| "label_id": 21 | |
| }, | |
| "BTN": { | |
| "value": "Forestry target", | |
| "label_id": 20 | |
| }, | |
| "BWA": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 22 | |
| }, | |
| "CAF": { | |
| "value": "Renewable energy target", | |
| "label_id": 18 | |
| }, | |
| "CAN": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 22 | |
| }, | |
| "CHE": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 22 | |
| }, | |
| "CHL": { | |
| "value": "Forestry target", | |
| "label_id": 20 | |
| }, | |
| "CHN": { | |
| "value": "Multiple non-GHG targets", | |
| "label_id": 21 | |
| }, | |
| "CMR": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 22 | |
| }, | |
| "COD": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 22 | |
| }, | |
| "COG": { | |
| "value": "Renewable energy target", | |
| "label_id": 18 | |
| }, | |
| "COK": { | |
| "value": "Renewable energy target", | |
| "label_id": 18 | |
| }, | |
| "COL": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 22 | |
| }, | |
| "COM": { | |
| "value": "Renewable energy target", | |
| "label_id": 18 | |
| }, | |
| "CPV": { | |
| "value": "Multiple non-GHG targets", | |
| "label_id": 21 | |
| }, | |
| "CRI": { | |
| "value": "Renewable energy target", | |
| "label_id": 18 | |
| }, | |
| "CUB": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 22 | |
| }, | |
| "DJI": { | |
| "value": "Renewable energy target", | |
| "label_id": 18 | |
| }, | |
| "DMA": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 22 | |
| }, | |
| "DOM": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 22 | |
| }, | |
| "DZA": { | |
| "value": "Renewable energy target", | |
| "label_id": 18 | |
| }, | |
| "ECU": { | |
| "value": "Multiple non-GHG targets", | |
| "label_id": 21 | |
| }, | |
| "EGY": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 22 | |
| }, | |
| "ERI": { | |
| "value": "Renewable energy target", | |
| "label_id": 18 | |
| }, | |
| "ETH": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 22 | |
| }, | |
| "EU28": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 22 | |
| }, | |
| "FJI": { | |
| "value": "Renewable energy target", | |
| "label_id": 18 | |
| }, | |
| "GAB": { | |
| "value": "Renewable energy target", | |
| "label_id": 18 | |
| }, | |
| "GEO": { | |
| "value": "Forestry target", | |
| "label_id": 20 | |
| }, | |
| "GHA": { | |
| "value": "Renewable energy target", | |
| "label_id": 18 | |
| }, | |
| "GIN": { | |
| "value": "Renewable energy target", | |
| "label_id": 18 | |
| }, | |
| "GMB": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 22 | |
| }, | |
| "GNQ": { | |
| "value": "Renewable energy target", | |
| "label_id": 18 | |
| }, | |
| "GRD": { | |
| "value": "Renewable energy target", | |
| "label_id": 18 | |
| }, | |
| "GTM": { | |
| "value": "Renewable energy target", | |
| "label_id": 18 | |
| }, | |
| "GUY": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 22 | |
| }, | |
| "HND": { | |
| "value": "Forestry target", | |
| "label_id": 20 | |
| }, | |
| "HTI": { | |
| "value": "Renewable energy target", | |
| "label_id": 18 | |
| }, | |
| "IDN": { | |
| "value": "Renewable energy target", | |
| "label_id": 18 | |
| }, | |
| "IND": { | |
| "value": "Multiple non-GHG targets", | |
| "label_id": 21 | |
| }, | |
| "IRN": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 22 | |
| }, | |
| "IRQ": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 22 | |
| }, | |
| "ISL": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 22 | |
| }, | |
| "ISR": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 22 | |
| }, | |
| "JAM": { | |
| "value": "Renewable energy target", | |
| "label_id": 18 | |
| }, | |
| "JOR": { | |
| "value": "Renewable energy target", | |
| "label_id": 18 | |
| }, | |
| "JPN": { | |
| "value": "Renewable energy target", | |
| "label_id": 18 | |
| }, | |
| "KAZ": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 22 | |
| }, | |
| "KEN": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 22 | |
| }, | |
| "KGZ": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 22 | |
| }, | |
| "KHM": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 22 | |
| }, | |
| "KIR": { | |
| "value": "Renewable energy target", | |
| "label_id": 18 | |
| }, | |
| "KNA": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 22 | |
| }, | |
| "KOR": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 22 | |
| }, | |
| "KWT": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 22 | |
| }, | |
| "LAO": { | |
| "value": "Multiple non-GHG targets", | |
| "label_id": 21 | |
| }, | |
| "LBN": { | |
| "value": "Multiple non-GHG targets", | |
| "label_id": 21 | |
| }, | |
| "LBR": { | |
| "value": "Multiple non-GHG targets", | |
| "label_id": 21 | |
| }, | |
| "LCA": { | |
| "value": "Renewable energy target", | |
| "label_id": 18 | |
| }, | |
| "LKA": { | |
| "value": "Forestry target", | |
| "label_id": 20 | |
| }, | |
| "LSO": { | |
| "value": "Renewable energy target", | |
| "label_id": 18 | |
| }, | |
| "MAR": { | |
| "value": "Renewable energy target", | |
| "label_id": 18 | |
| }, | |
| "MCO": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 22 | |
| }, | |
| "MDA": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 22 | |
| }, | |
| "MDG": { | |
| "value": "Renewable energy target", | |
| "label_id": 18 | |
| }, | |
| "MDV": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 22 | |
| }, | |
| "MEX": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 22 | |
| }, | |
| "MHL": { | |
| "value": "Renewable energy target", | |
| "label_id": 18 | |
| }, | |
| "MKD": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 22 | |
| }, | |
| "MLI": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 22 | |
| }, | |
| "MMR": { | |
| "value": "Renewable energy target", | |
| "label_id": 18 | |
| }, | |
| "MNE": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 22 | |
| }, | |
| "MNG": { | |
| "value": "Renewable energy target", | |
| "label_id": 18 | |
| }, | |
| "MOZ": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 22 | |
| }, | |
| "MRT": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 22 | |
| }, | |
| "MUS": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 22 | |
| }, | |
| "MWI": { | |
| "value": "Renewable energy target", | |
| "label_id": 18 | |
| }, | |
| "MYS": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 22 | |
| }, | |
| "NAM": { | |
| "value": "Renewable energy target", | |
| "label_id": 18 | |
| }, | |
| "NER": { | |
| "value": "Renewable energy target", | |
| "label_id": 18 | |
| }, | |
| "NGA": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 22 | |
| }, | |
| "NIU": { | |
| "value": "Renewable energy target", | |
| "label_id": 18 | |
| }, | |
| "NOR": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 22 | |
| }, | |
| "NPL": { | |
| "value": "Multiple non-GHG targets", | |
| "label_id": 21 | |
| }, | |
| "NRU": { | |
| "value": "Renewable energy target", | |
| "label_id": 18 | |
| }, | |
| "NZL": { | |
| "value": "Renewable energy target", | |
| "label_id": 18 | |
| }, | |
| "OMN": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 22 | |
| }, | |
| "PAK": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 22 | |
| }, | |
| "PAN": { | |
| "value": "Analysis in progress" | |
| }, | |
| "PER": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 22 | |
| }, | |
| "PHL": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 22 | |
| }, | |
| "PLW": { | |
| "value": "Multiple non-GHG targets", | |
| "label_id": 21 | |
| }, | |
| "PNG": { | |
| "value": "Renewable energy target", | |
| "label_id": 18 | |
| }, | |
| "PRK": { | |
| "value": "Analysis in progress" | |
| }, | |
| "PRY": { | |
| "value": "Renewable energy target", | |
| "label_id": 18 | |
| }, | |
| "QAT": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 22 | |
| }, | |
| "RUS": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 22 | |
| }, | |
| "RWA": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 22 | |
| }, | |
| "SAU": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 22 | |
| }, | |
| "SDN": { | |
| "value": "Multiple non-GHG targets", | |
| "label_id": 21 | |
| }, | |
| "SEN": { | |
| "value": "Renewable energy target", | |
| "label_id": 18 | |
| }, | |
| "SGP": { | |
| "value": "Renewable energy target", | |
| "label_id": 18 | |
| }, | |
| "SLB": { | |
| "value": "Renewable energy target", | |
| "label_id": 18 | |
| }, | |
| "SLE": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 22 | |
| }, | |
| "SLV": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 22 | |
| }, | |
| "SMR": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 22 | |
| }, | |
| "SOM": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 22 | |
| }, | |
| "SSD": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 22 | |
| }, | |
| "STP": { | |
| "value": "Renewable energy target", | |
| "label_id": 18 | |
| }, | |
| "SUR": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 22 | |
| }, | |
| "SWZ": { | |
| "value": "Renewable energy target", | |
| "label_id": 18 | |
| }, | |
| "SYC": { | |
| "value": "Renewable energy target", | |
| "label_id": 18 | |
| }, | |
| "TCD": { | |
| "value": "Renewable energy target", | |
| "label_id": 18 | |
| }, | |
| "TGO": { | |
| "value": "Renewable energy target", | |
| "label_id": 18 | |
| }, | |
| "THA": { | |
| "value": "Renewable energy target", | |
| "label_id": 18 | |
| }, | |
| "TJK": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 22 | |
| }, | |
| "TKM": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 22 | |
| }, | |
| "TLS": { | |
| "value": "Analysis in progress" | |
| }, | |
| "TON": { | |
| "value": "Multiple non-GHG targets", | |
| "label_id": 21 | |
| }, | |
| "TTO": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 22 | |
| }, | |
| "TUN": { | |
| "value": "Renewable energy target", | |
| "label_id": 18 | |
| }, | |
| "TUR": { | |
| "value": "Renewable energy target", | |
| "label_id": 18 | |
| }, | |
| "TUV": { | |
| "value": "Multiple non-GHG targets", | |
| "label_id": 21 | |
| }, | |
| "UGA": { | |
| "value": "Renewable energy target", | |
| "label_id": 18 | |
| }, | |
| "UKR": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 22 | |
| }, | |
| "URY": { | |
| "value": "Renewable energy target", | |
| "label_id": 18 | |
| }, | |
| "VCT": { | |
| "value": "Energy efficiency target", | |
| "label_id": 19 | |
| }, | |
| "VEN": { | |
| "value": "Forestry target", | |
| "label_id": 20 | |
| }, | |
| "VNM": { | |
| "value": "Forestry target", | |
| "label_id": 20 | |
| }, | |
| "VUT": { | |
| "value": "Renewable energy target", | |
| "label_id": 18 | |
| }, | |
| "WSM": { | |
| "value": "Renewable energy target", | |
| "label_id": 18 | |
| }, | |
| "YEM": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 22 | |
| }, | |
| "ZAF": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 22 | |
| }, | |
| "ZMB": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 22 | |
| }, | |
| "ZWE": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 22 | |
| } | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "id": 9, | |
| "name": "Non-GHG target", | |
| "slug": "nonghg_target", | |
| "labels": {}, | |
| "locations": { | |
| "AFG": { | |
| "value": "<p>“Behavioral change and opportunities for provision and development of alternative and renewable energy sources for 25% of the rural population above existing levels (15%), in order to contribute to a reduction in the unsustainable usage of natural resources and decreasing the strong reliance on fossil fuels by rural communities.”</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "AGO": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"The [Land Use, Land Use Change and Forestry <a title=\"\" href=\"#_ftn1\">[1]</a>] sector is thought to have captured close to 3 million tons of CO<sub>2</sub>e in 2005, and the country is committed to increase carbon sequestration from the forestry sector to 5 million tons of CO<sub>2</sub>e per year by 2030.\"</p> <p><a title=\"\" href=\"#_ftnref1\">[1]</a> Personal Communication. Forest Development Institute of Angola (IDF).</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "ALB": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "AND": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "ARE": { | |
| "value": "<p>The UAE has set a target of increasing clean energy contribution to the total energy mix from 0.2% in 2014, to 24% by 2021. This will be achieved through renewable and nuclear energy, and is underpinned by detailed emirate level targets and policies.</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "ARG": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "ARM": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "ATG": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"By 2030, achieve an energy matrix with 50 MW of electricity from renewable sources both on and off-grid in the public and private sectors.</p> <p>This target includes distributive renewable energy capacity to be used as backup energy by the commercial sector and some residences. The assumption is that the commercial sector has full backup capacity of approx. 20 MW to continue business when electricity via the grid may be interrupted. Backup electricity generation is currently fossil fuel-based.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "AUS": { | |
| "value": "<p>“Australia has additional policy measures in place to promote the deployment of renewable energy and improve energy efficiency. Under Australia’s Renewable Energy Target scheme, over 23% of Australia’s electricity will come from renewable sources by 2020.”</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "AZE": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "BDI": { | |
| "value": "<p>Unconditional objective</p> <p>\"Under the National Reforestation Programme, Burundi has undertaken to increase its carbon dioxide gas well through 4,000 hectares of annual reforestation over the course of 15 years, beginning in 2016.</p> <p>In the energy sector, Burundi is in the process of building three hydroelectric power plants. This programme will increase the country’s electrification rate to 35%.\"</p> <p>Conditional objective</p> <p>\"- Forestry:(i) reforestation of 8,000 ha/year during 15 years, beginning in 2016; (ii) replacement of 100% of traditional charcoal kilns and traditional home ovens by 2030;</p> <p>- Agriculture: gradual replacement of 100% of mineral fertilizers with organic fertilizer by 2030.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "BEN": { | |
| "value": "<p class=\"Default\">“La mise en oeuvre des mesures envisagées pourraient également contribuer à accroitre la capacité de séquestration cumulée du Bénin par rapport au scénario de maintien du statu quo de 5,7 % sur la période 2021-2030 à travers la réduction du taux annuel de déforestation des forêts naturelles de 41,7 %. Au titre de cet objectif, la contribution inconditionnelle est de l’ordre de 1,4 % et la contribution conditionnelle est d’environ 4,3%.”</p> <p>The implementation of the proposed measures could also help increase Benin’s total sequestration capacity by 5.7% relative to the baseline scenario between 2021 and 2030, by reducing the annual rate of deforestation by 41.7%. The unconditional contribution for this target is around 1.4% and conditional contribution is about 4.3%. </p><p>[Unofficial translation] Benin communicates the following mitigation measures in the energy sector: To promote the use of renewable energy in electricity production from (i) dual-fired power plants (totaling 400 MW) (ii) four hydropower plants (totaling 396.6 MW installed capacity) and (iii) solar photovoltaic plants (totaling 54.2 MW installed capacity).</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "BFA": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"A third scenario, Adaptation (annexe 2), which aims, among other things, to restore and develop 5,055 million ha of degraded lands at the 2030 horizon, corresponding to 55% of the total current area of degraded lands in the country and making it possible to feed more than 6 million additional persons at the 2030 horizon. Moreover, these adaptation projects will contribute to a reduction in GHG emissions of 43,707 Gg of CO<sub>2</sub>, i.e. 36.95% when compared to BaU, for an overall investment of US $5,804,949,915.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "BGD": { | |
| "value": "<p>Bangladesh’s strategy on mitigation is set out in the Bangladesh Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan (BBCSAP). This sets out seven programs on mitigation. One of these programs is renewable energy development with the objective of “maximizing the use of renewable energy sources to lower GHG emission and ensuring energy security.” Bangladesh also sets out “additional mitigation actions” in its INDC in order to meet its conditional contribution. Some of these actions include the development of “400 MW of wind-generating capacity by 2030,” and “1000 MW of utility-scale solar power plant by 2030.”</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "BHR": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "BIH": { | |
| "value": "<p>Bosnia and Herzegovina outlines the following mitigation activities in its INDC: “to install mini hydro power plants with the power generation capacity of up to 10 MW and the total generation capacity of 120 MW, by 2030; to install wind farms of the power generation capacity of 175 MW by 2030; to install photovoltaic modules of the total power generation capacity of 4 MW by 2030; and to introduce renewable energy sources in the existing district heating systems and to construct new district heating systems fuel led by renewable energy sources.”</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "BLR": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Due to planned actions to ensure sustainable forest management, the forest cover of the country increased by 4.3% since 1990, and currently is continuing to grow. According to the sector-specific forestry development programme, the policy for increasing the resource potential of forests and ensuring the sustainable forest use will be further implemented. In line with the priorities of the National Sustainable Development Strategy of the Republic of Belarus until 2030, measures will be implemented to increase the area under forest from 39.4% in 2013 up to 41% in 2030.</p> <p>Pursuant to the Strategy for the Implementation of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in Those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, Particularly in Africa (approved by the Resolution of the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Belarus No.361 of 29.04.2015) the Republic of Belarus in 2015-2030 will ensure the environmental rehabilitation of at least 10,000 ha of damaged bogs, thus increasing the area of restored peatlands to at least 60,000 ha by 2030 and reducing the area of degraded reclaimed land with peat soils up to 190,000 ha by 2030.</p> <p>Persuant to the Strategy of the Implementation of the Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially as Waterfowl Habitat (approved by the Resolution of the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Belarus No.177 of 10.02.2009), the Republic of Belarus will undertake measures to conserve the main habitats of the populations of rare and endangered wild animals and plant species living or growing in wetlands, involving an area of at least 30,000 ha of open fen mires, 40,000 ha of floodplain meadows, and 160,000 ha of raised bogs and transitional mires.</p> <p>Persuant to the National Strategy for the Development of the System of Strictly Protected Areas until 2030 (approved by the Resolution of the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Belarus No.649 of 02.07.2014) efforts will be made to ensure further conservation of natural ecosystems, biological and landscape diversity, ensuring ecological balance of natural systems and sustainable use of protected areas covering at least 8.8% of the territory of the country.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "BLZ": { | |
| "value": "<p>“Belize expects to increase its share of its renewable energy (RE) in Belize’s electricity mix by 85% by 2027.”</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "BOL": { | |
| "value": "<p>Unconditional commitment: “With regard to energy, actions are promoted with a focus on mitigation and adaptation to climate change and holistic development, achieving the following results…increased participation of renewable energy to 79% by 2030 from 39% in 2010…and…develop the export potential of electricity, generated mainly by renewable energies, reaching to export an estimated 8,930 MW by 2030, increasing energy state income.” To achieve results related to energy the following measures and actions will be promoted: “Change and diversification of the energy matrix with renewable energy growth through the construction of hydropower (small and medium hydro power plants, large hydro and multipurpose) and boost alternative energy (wind, biomass, geothermal and solar), and use other sources of energy (steam combined cycle)…and promotion of energy surplus export from renewable sources, positioning Bolivia as a regional powerhouse with clean energy.” Conditional commitment: “Increased participation of renewable energy to 81% by 2030, compared to 39% in 2010.”</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "BRA": { | |
| "value": "<p>“Brazil will adopt further measures that are consistent with the 2°C temperature goal, in particular, in the energy sector, achieving 45% of renewables in the energy mix by 2030. This includes expanding the use of renewable energy sources other than hydropower in the total energy mix to between 28% and 33% by 2030, and expanding the use of non-fossil-fuel energy sources domestically, by increasing the share of renewables (other than hydropower) in the power supply to at least 23% by 2030, including by raising the share of wind, biomass and solar.”</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "BRB": { | |
| "value": "<p>“The following sub-sector contributions have been identified in the energy sector…Renewable energy: contributing 65% of total peak electrical demand by 2030. The country has made huge strides in this regard; for example distributed solar photovoltaic (PV) installation is growing exponentially and this trend is expected to continue. Other planned measures include waste-to-energy and biomass generation plants, wind, distributed and centralized solar PV and capture and use of landfill gas for energy generation.”</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "BRN": { | |
| "value": "<p>Energy sector: to reduce total energy consumption by 63% by 2035 compared to a Business-AsUsual (BAU) scenario; and to increase the share of renewables so that 10% of the total power generation is sourced from renewable energy by 2035</p> <p>Forestry sector: to increase the total gazette forest reserves to 55% of total land area, compared to the current levels of 41%.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "BTN": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Bhutan will maintain a minimum of 60 percent of total land under forest cover for all time in accordance the Constitution of the Kingdom of Bhutan. Efforts will also be made to maintain current levels of forest cover, which currently stand at 70.46%, through sustainable forest management and conservation of environmental services.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "BWA": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "CAF": { | |
| "value": "<p>The Central African Republic communicates conditional mitigation measures that include the: “construction of a photovoltaic solar power plant at Bangu; development of 180 MW Dimoli hydroelectric plant; development of 72 MW Lobaye hydroelectric plant; development of 60 KW La Kotto hydroelectric plant; development of Mobaye hydroelectric plant; and a National Biofuels Programme.”</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "CAN": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "CHE": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "CHL": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Specific contributions to the LULUCF sector:</p> <p>a) Chile has committed to the sustainable development and recovery of 100,000 hectares of forest land, mainly native, which will account for greenhouse gas sequestrations and reductions of an annual equivalent of around 600,000 of CO2 as of 2030. This commitment is subject to the approval of the Native Forest Recovery and Forestry Promotion Law.</p> <p>b) Chile has agreed to reforest 100,000 hectares, mostly with native species, which shall represent sequestrations of about 900,000 and 1,200,000 annual equivalent tons of CO2 as of 2030. This commitment is conditioned to the extension of Decree Law 701 and the approval of a new Forestry Promotion Law.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "CHN": { | |
| "value": "Increase the share of non-fossil fuels in primary energy consumption to around 20% and \"increase the forest stock volume by around 4.5 billion cubic meters on the 2005 level\". China has included other goals that include the development of “nuclear power in a safe and efficient manner.”" | |
| }, | |
| "CMR": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "COD": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "COG": { | |
| "value": "<p>[Unofficial translation] Congo has considerable hydroelectric potential, estimated at 14,000 MW, of which only 228 MW is used currently. Congo has developed an ambitious plan for hydropower, with the objective of reaching 85% hydroelectric power in the national electricity mix by 2025. The remaining 15% will be met by gas.</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "COK": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"The Cook Islands is committed to a future powered by renewable energy with targets of 50% of islands transformed from diesel based to renewable sourced electricity by 2015, to 100% coverage by 2020 (Cook Islands Renewable Electricity Chart, 2011).\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "COL": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "COM": { | |
| "value": "<p>[Unofficial translation] During the period 2010–2030, renewable energy will evolve from around 3% to almost 43%.</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "CPV": { | |
| "value": "<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Renewable Energy</span><br />\"Cabo Verde makes an unconditional commitment:</p> <ul> <li>to achieve 100% grid access by 2017; and</li> <li>to achieve a 30% renewable energy penetration rate into the electric grid by 2025.</li> </ul> <p>With international support, Cabo Verde seeks to increase the renewable energy uptake in electricity to 100% by 2025, with best efforts to achieve this goal already by 2020, in accordance with the following indicative trajectory:</p> <ul> <li>35% RE penetration rate in 2016-2018;</li> <li>50% RE penetration rate in 2018-2020;</li> <li>100% RE penetration rate in 2020-2025.\"</li> </ul> <p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Energy Efficiency</span><br />\"Cabo Verde makes an unconditional long-term commitment to reduce overall energy demand by 10% in relation to the Base Scenario by 2030.</p> <p>With international support, Cabo Verde seeks to reduce overall energy demand by 20% in relation to the Base Scenario by 2030, with best efforts to achieve this indicative reduction effort already by 2025.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "CRI": { | |
| "value": "<p>“The goal of this contribution is to achieve and maintain a 100% renewable energy matrix by 2030.”</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "CUB": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "DJI": { | |
| "value": "<p>Djibouti communicates the following unconditional mitigation actions:<br />“Installation of 60 MW onshore wind turbines in Goubet. Those power plants are scheduled to be commissioned in 2025.”<br />“Installation of three solar power plants in Petit Bara, Ali Sabieh and Goubet, with an estimated photovoltaic potential of 250 MW. Those power plants are scheduled to be commissioned in 2025.”<br />“Exploitation of geothermal energy, whose potential is estimated at 1200 MW in the region around Lake Assal, Lake Abbé, and North Goubet. The power plants are scheduled to be commissioned in 2030.”</p> <p>Djibouti further communicates the following secondary mitigation measures that are under study and awaiting financing: “Combined production plant for electricity using household waste. Supposed potential of 10 MW.”<br />“Energy production using tidal turbines in Goubet. Supposed potential of 5 MW.”<br />“Djibouti’s total wind power potential is estimated at 390 MW. Installation of 11 onshore wind turbines in Goubet, producing 30 MW.”</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "DMA": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "DOM": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "DZA": { | |
| "value": "<p>“By 2030, [Algeria] aspires to the deployment, on a large scale, of photovoltaic and wind power as well as thermal solar energy, and the integration of cogeneration, biomass and geothermal energy. This program ultimately aims to reach the target that 27% of the electricity produced nationally is derived from renewable sources of energy.”</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "ECU": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Ecuador aims to achieve 90% clean energy from hydropower in total electricity production by 2017 and increase the share of renewable energy in the energy matrix further until 2025.\"</p><p>\"These policies and programs have been translated into forward looking objectives. Through the National Forestry Restoration Program, Ecuador plans to restore 500,000 additional hectares until 2017 and increase this total by 100,000 hectares per year until 2025, counteracting deforestation in the country, contributing to the recuperation of the forest cover and combatting climate change.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "EGY": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "ERI": { | |
| "value": "<p>“Eritrea intends to raise the share of electricity generation from renewable energy to 70% of the total electricity generation mix (wind, solar, and geothermal) [by 2030].”</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "ETH": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "EU28": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "FJI": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"The target is for the renewable energy share in electricity generation to approach 100% by 2030 from around 60% in 2013.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "GAB": { | |
| "value": "Renewable energy target<br>\"Sur cette base, le Gabon a développé un plan ambitieux de développement de l’hydroélectricité, avec comme objectif d’assurer à horizon 2025 une fourniture de l’électricité basée à 80% sur l’hydroélectricité et 20% sur le gaz.\"<br> On this basis, Gabon has developed an ambitious plan for the development of hydropower, with aims to ensure that by 2025, 80% of the supply of electricity is based on hydropower and 20% on gas.<br>(Note: The Non-GHG target is not analyzed for other indicators as very little information was provided.)" | |
| }, | |
| "GEO": { | |
| "value": "<ul> <li>\"Strongly support CO<sub>2</sub> reduction in the Borjomi-Bakuriani Forest district by at least 70% between 2020 and 2030;</li> <li>Implement afforestation/reforestation activities on already identified 1,500 ha of degraded lands by 2030;</li> <li>Assist natural regeneration of forests through different silvicultural methods on 7,500 ha by 2030 in order to restore natural forest cover.\"</li> </ul> <p> </p>" | |
| }, | |
| "GHA": { | |
| "value": "<p>“The following INDC policy actions will be implemented to achieve the mitigation goals…Scale up renewable energy penetration by 10% by 2030.”</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "GIN": { | |
| "value": "Produce 30% of its energy (excluding wood-energy) from renewable energy sources (SE4ALL)" | |
| }, | |
| "GMB": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "GNQ": { | |
| "value": "<p>[Unofficial translation] Equatorial Guinea communicates that it will strengthen the existing initiatives in the electricity sector, taking advantage of renewable resources, with emphasis on the following: developing the hydroelectric potential of the river Wele, for the electrification of the country's mainland; reforming the Musola hydroelectric centers (0.4-0.5 MW), Riaba (3.8 MW) for the electrification of the whole island of Bioko; finding options among wind, solar and/or tidal energy sources for remote islands of the country (Annobon, Corisco and others).</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "GRD": { | |
| "value": "<p>“To achieve [the GHG reduction] goal Grenada needs to produce 20 MW hours of electricity from renewable sources at a conservative 45% portfolio capacity factor. This will emerge in the form of 10 MW from solar, 15 MW from geothermal and 2 MW from wind.”</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "GTM": { | |
| "value": "<p>[Unofficial translation] 80% of the electricity generated in 2030 will be from renewable sources</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "GUY": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "HND": { | |
| "value": "<p class=\"Default\">\"Adicionalmente, la República de Honduras se compromete, como objetivo sectorial, a la forestación/reforestación de 1 millón de hectáreas de bosque antes de 2030. Asimismo, a través de la NAMA de fogones eficientes se espera reducir en un 39% el consumo de leña en las familias, ayudando en la lucha contra la deforestación.”</p> <p>Additionally, the Republic of Honduras is committed to a sectoral target, the afforestation / reforestation of 1 million hectares of forests by 2030. Moreover, through the NAMAs, efficient stoves are expected to reduce the consumption of firewood by families by 39%, helping in the fight against deforestation.</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "HTI": { | |
| "value": "<p>[Unofficial translation] Haiti will increase the share of renewables in the electricity system to 47% by 2030, which will comprise 24.5% hydro, 9.4% wind, 7.5% solar, and 5.6% biomass.</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "IDN": { | |
| "value": "In energy sector, Indonesia has embarked on a mixed energy use policy, with at least 23% coming from new and renewable energy by 2025." | |
| }, | |
| "IND": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"To achieve about 40 percent cumulative electric power installed capacity from non-fossil fuel based energy resources by 2030 with the help of transfer of technology and low cost international finance including from Green Climate Fund (GCF).</p> <p>To create an additional carbon sink of 2.5 to 3 billion tonnes of CO<sub>2</sub> equivalent through additional forest and tree cover by 2030.\"</p><p>“Wind energy has been the predominant contributor to the renewable energy growth in India accounting for 23.76 GW (65.2%) of the renewable installed capacity, making India the 5th largest wind power producer in the world. With a potential of more than 100 GW, the aim is to achieve a target of 60 GW of wind power installed capacity by 2022. Solar power in India is poised to grow significantly with Solar Mission as a major initiative of the Government of India. Solar power installed capacity has increased from only 3.7 MW in 2005 to about 4,060 MW in 2015, with a Compound Annual Growth Rate [CAGR] of more than 100% over the decade. The ambitious solar expansion programme seeks to enhance the capacity to 100 GW by 2022, which is expected to be scaled up further thereafter. A scheme for development of 25 Solar Parks, Ultra Mega Solar Power Projects, canal top solar projects and one hundred thousand solar pumps for farmers is at different stages of implementation. Government of India is also promoting solarization of all the 55,000 petrol pumps across the country out of which about 3,135 petrol pumps have already been solarized. Biomass energy constitutes about 18% of total primary energy use in the country and more than 70% of the country’s population depends on it. However, it is currently used in an inefficient manner with high levels of indoor pollution. A number of programmes have been initiated for promotion of cleaner and more efficient use, including biomass-based electricity generation. It is envisaged to increase biomass installed capacity to 10 GW by 2022 from current capacity of 4.4 GW.” India also lists the mitigation technologies that the country plans to implement which include “accelerated-driven systems in advanced nuclear fuel cycles” and “renewable energy.”</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "IRN": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "IRQ": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "ISL": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "ISR": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "JAM": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Jamaica realizes its energy resource potential through the development of renewable energy sources by increasing the share of renewable sources of energy in its primary energy mix to 20% by 2030.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "JOR": { | |
| "value": "<p>Jordan has set a KPI-style “target” of 11% of renewable energy share in the total energy mix in 2025.This KPI is articulated in “Jordan 2025: A National Vision and Strategy” (launched June 2015). Additionally, the main goals of Jordan’s strategy are “to secure reliable energy supply through increasing the share of local energy resources such as oil shale and natural gas in the energy mix, expanding the development of renewable energy projects, promoting energy conservation and energy efficiency and awareness, and generating electricity from nuclear energy.”</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "JPN": { | |
| "value": "<p>Renewables will comprise approximately 22%–24% of Japan's total power generation in 2030. Japan further states that it plans to expand renewable energy introduction to the maximum extent possible and to utilize nuclear power generations whose safety is confirmed.</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "KAZ": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "KEN": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "KGZ": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "KHM": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "KIR": { | |
| "value": "<p>“Reflecting the ambition of the ‘Majuro Declaration,’ Kiribati has identified targets focused on reductions in fossil-fuel use by 2025 through increases in renewable energy and energy efficiency (RE and EE) in the following sectors and geographical areas: South Tarawa by 45% (23% RE and 22% EE); Kiritimati Island by 60% (40% RE and 20% EE); rural public infrastructure, including Southern Kiribati Hospital and Ice plants by 60% (40%RE and 20% EE); and rural public and private institutions such as boarding schools, Island Council, private amenities and households by 100% (100% RE).”</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "KNA": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "KOR": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "KWT": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "LAO": { | |
| "value": "<ul> <li>To increase forest cover to 70% of land area (i.e. to 16.58 million hectares) by 2020.</li> <li>To increase the share of renewable energy to 30% of energy consumption by 2025.</li> <li>To make electricity available to 90% of households in rural area by the year 2020.</li> </ul><p>“Implementation of Renewable Energy Development Strategy: To increase the share of renewable energy to 30% of energy consumption by 2025. (Note that large-scale technologies with installed capacity equal to or greater than 15 MW are not included in this policy’s target.) For transport fuels the objective is to increase the share of biofuels to meet 10% of the demand for transport fuels by 2025.”</p> <p>“Expansion of the use of large-scale hydroelectricity: The objective of this activity is to build large-scale (>15 MW) hydropower plants to provide clean electricity to neighboring countries. Approximate total installed capacity of the hydropower plants will be 5,500 MW by 2020. In addition, 20,000 MW of additional hydroelectric capacity is planned for construction after 2020.”</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "LBN": { | |
| "value": "<p>Unconditional target</p> <ul> <li>\"15% of the power and heat demand in 2030 is generated by renewable energy sources.</li> <li>A 3% reduction in power demand through energy-efficiency measures in 2030 compared to the demand under the Business-As-Usual scenario.\"</li> </ul> <p>Conditional target</p> <ul> <li>\"20% of the power and heat demand in 2030 is generated by renewable energy sources.</li> <li>A 10% reduction in power demand through energy-efficiency in 2030 compared to the demand under the BAU scenario.\"</li> </ul>" | |
| }, | |
| "LBR": { | |
| "value": "<p>Non-GHG targets include:</p><p>- Raising the share of renewable energy to at least 30% of electricity production;</p><p>- Improving energy efficiency by at least 20% by 2030;</p><p>- Increasing biofuel use in transport to 5% by 2030; and</p><p>- Capturing and utilising landfill gas.</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "LCA": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"35% Renewable Energy Target by 2025 and 50% by 2030 based on a mix of geothermal, wind and solar energy sources.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "LKA": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Current forest cover in Sri Lanka is 29.6% and is planned to be increased to 32%. This includes management of mangrove and wetland ecosystems, management and conservation of natural forests, restoration of degraded forests in underutilized lands and urban forestry.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "LSO": { | |
| "value": "<p>“Increase renewable energy sources by 200 MW by 2020: 40 MW from solar (2017/2018); 35 MW from wind (2017); 125 MW from hydropower (2025).”</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "MAR": { | |
| "value": "<p>“Morocco has set a target to limit greenhouse gas (GHG) growth that will be reached through its own means, a target that could be enhanced substantially with support from the international community. This ambition rests, to a large extent; on a major transformation of the energy sector...The main objectives behind this transformation are...Reaching over 50% of installed electricity production capacity from renewable sources by 2025.”</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "MCO": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "MDA": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "MDG": { | |
| "value": "<p>“The Republic of Madagascar has identified the following actions to contribute to the reduction of GHG emissions…Reinforce renewable energy (hydraulic and solar) from the current level of 35% to 79%.”</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "MDV": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "MEX": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "MHL": { | |
| "value": "<p>“These targets progress beyond the Republic of the Marshall Islands' (RMI's) Copenhagen pledge, and...Put RMI on a trajectory to nearly halve GHG emissions between 2010 and 2030, with a view to achieving net zero GHG emissions by 2050 or earlier if possible. This will require a significant improvement in energy efficiency and uptake of renewables, in particular solar and biofuels.” “Reducing fossil-fuel imports is the major goal, with the uptake of renewable energy and further energy efficiency improvements on both the demand and supply sides expected to replace more than one third of fossil fuels for electricity and transport by 2030.”</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "MKD": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "MLI": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "MMR": { | |
| "value": "<p>Myanmar’s INDC includes the following mitigation actions:<br />“Increase the share of hydroelectric generation within limits of technical Hydroelectric potential. Indicative goal: 9.4 GW by 2030.”<br />“To increase access to clean sources of electricity among communities and households currently without access to an electric power grid system. Indicative goal: Rural electrification through the use of at least 30% renewable sources to generate electricity supplies.”</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "MNE": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "MNG": { | |
| "value": "<p>Mongolia’s policies and measures for implementation up to 2030 include: “increase renewable electricity capacity from 7.62% in 2014 to 20% by 2020 and to 30% by 2030 as a share of total electricity generation capacity.”</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "MOZ": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "MRT": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "MUS": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "MWI": { | |
| "value": "<p>“With external support, Government of Malawi will be able to make significant investments in energy generation from cleaner sources.” Malawi outlines the following policy-based mitigation actions: “Produce 2000 solar water heaters (SWH); increase SWH from 2,000 to 20,000 by 2030; install 20,000 solar PV systems; increase Solar PV from 20,000 to 50,000 by 2030; produce 2 million litres of bio-diesel/year; increase biodiesel from 2 to 20 million/year; produce 18 million litres of ethanol/ year; increase ethanol production from 18 to 40 million litres per year; and produce 351 MW of hydroelectricity.”</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "MYS": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "NAM": { | |
| "value": "<p>“The measures contributing to mitigation in the energy sector will be to increase the share of renewals in electricity production from 33% to 70% by 2030.”</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "NER": { | |
| "value": "<p>[Unofficial translation] To reduce GHG emissions by 2030, Niger will, among other actions, increase the renewable energy generation capacity from 4 MW in 2010 to 250 MW in 2030, partly achieved through the installation of a 130 MW hydroelectric plant at Kandadji and a 20 MW wind power plant. Niger will also double the share of renewables in the energy mix to 30% by 2030.</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "NGA": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "NIU": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"In line with Niue’s resilience approach to reduce dependence on imported fossil fuels, Niue will achieve a 38% share of renewable energy of total electricity generation by 2020...This will in part be delivered by a 10% reduction in residential, commercial and government electricity demand by 2020. This contribution will be maintained out to 2025 and will be delivered using national resources and international assistance being identified to achieve the goals of the NiSERM.</p> <p>Conditional upon additional international assistance, Niue could increase its contribution to an 80% share of renewable energy of total electricity generation, or to even higher levels, by 2025.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "NOR": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "NPL": { | |
| "value": "<ul> <li>\"By 2050, Nepal will achieve 80% electrification through renewable energy sources having appropriate energy mix. Nepal will also reduce its dependency on fossil fuels by 50%.</li> <li>Nepal aims to achieve the following target under the National Rural and Renewable Energy Programme (NRREP), reducing its dependency on biomass and making it more efficient. <table style=\"width: 100%;\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\"> <tbody> <tr> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"47%\"> <p><strong>Technologies</strong></p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"52%\"> <p><strong>Targets</strong></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"47%\"> <p>Mini and Micro Hydro Power</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"52%\"> <p>25 MW</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"47%\"> <p>Solar Home System</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"52%\"> <p>600,000 systems</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"47%\"> <p>Institutional solar power systems (solar PV and solar pumping systems)</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"52%\"> <p>1,500 systems</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"47%\"> <p>Improved water mill</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"52%\"> <p>4,000 number</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"47%\"> <p>Improved Cooking Stoves</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"52%\"> <p>475,000 stoves</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"47%\"> <p>Biogas</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"52%\"> <p>130,000 household systems, 1,000 institutional and 200 community biogas plants</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </li> <li>Nepal will maintain 40% of the total area of the country under forest cover and forest productivity and products will be increased through sustainable management of forests. Emphasis will equally be given to enhance carbon sequestration and forest carbon storage and improve forest governance.\"</li> </ul>" | |
| }, | |
| "NRU": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Implementation of a 0.6 MW solar PV system which is expected to assist in unconditional reduction of CO<sub>2</sub> emissions marginally\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "NZL": { | |
| "value": "<p>“We are making progress towards reaching our target of 90 percent of electricity coming from renewable sources by 2025.”</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "OMN": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "PAK": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "PAN": { | |
| "value": "Analysis in progress" | |
| }, | |
| "PER": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "PHL": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "PLW": { | |
| "value": "<ul> <li>45% Renewable Energy target by 2025</li> <li>35% Energy Efficiency target by 2025</li> </ul>" | |
| }, | |
| "PNG": { | |
| "value": "<p>“PNG’s current economic development is seeing a growth in fuel use. Therefore a big effort will be to reduce fossil-fuel emissions in the electricity generation sector by transitioning as far as possible to using renewable energy. The target in this respect will be 100% renewable energy by 2030, contingent on funding being made available.”</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "PRK": { | |
| "value": "Analysis in progress" | |
| }, | |
| "PRY": { | |
| "value": "<p>[Unofficial translation] 60% increase in renewable energy in the energy mix between 2014 and 2030.</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "QAT": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "RUS": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "RWA": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "SAU": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "SDN": { | |
| "value": "Integration of renewable energy in the power system of the Sudan, target of 20% by 2030<br />\"25% forest coverage from the total area of the Sudan by 2030\"" | |
| }, | |
| "SEN": { | |
| "value": "<p>[Unofficial translation] Senegal communicates unconditional renewable energy programmes that will be implemented:</p> <ul> <li>Solar PV: power plants with a total cumulative capacity of 160 MW</li> <li>Wind Turbine: power plants with a total cumulative power of 150 MW</li> <li>Hydraulics: power plants with a total cumulative capacity of 144 MW/522 GWh; 392 villages electrified minigrid solar electrified or hybrid (diesel/solar); and Installation of 27,500 domestic biodigesters</li> </ul>" | |
| }, | |
| "SGP": { | |
| "value": "<p>“By 2030, it is estimated that renewable energy could potentially contribute up to 8% of Singapore’s peak electricity demand.”</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "SLB": { | |
| "value": "<p>The Solomon Islands communicate mitigation actions that involve the commissioning of hydropower, solar, and geothermal plants. Anticipated installed capacities are as follows: hydropower 3.77 MW, solar 3.2 MW, and geothermal 20–40 MW.</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "SLE": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "SLV": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "SMR": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "SOM": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "SSD": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "STP": { | |
| "value": "<p>“The implementation of four mitigation measures means an introduction of about 47% renewable energy in the national electricity system compared to the projected BAU electricity production, of which 34% is hydro and13% solar (PV).”</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "SUR": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "SWZ": { | |
| "value": "<p>In the energy sector, Swaziland’s contribution “is to double the share of renewable energy in the national energy mix by 2030 relative to 2010 levels.”</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "SYC": { | |
| "value": "<p>“The Energy Policy that was proposed in 2010 has set a target for 15% of energy supply to be met from renewable energy sources by 2030. The expected target in 2020 is 5%. In the long term, the Policy envisages that 100% of energy supply will be from renewable energy sources.”</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "TCD": { | |
| "value": "<p>Chad communicates a summary of the projects to be implemented under the INDC, which include the generation of 500 GWh/year of hydropower, 200 GWh/year of solar energy, and 50 GWh/year of wind energy.</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "TGO": { | |
| "value": "Development of renewable energies (target of 4% of the energy mix)." | |
| }, | |
| "THA": { | |
| "value": "<p>“Ambitious targets are defined in the Power Development Plan (PDP), the Alternative Energy Development Plan (AEDP) and the Energy Efficiency Plan (EEP). For example, the PDP sets a target to achieve a 20% share of power generation from renewable sources in 2036. The AEDP aims to achieve a 30% share of renewable energy in the total final energy consumption in 2036.”</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "TJK": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "TKM": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "TLS": { | |
| "value": "Analysis in progress" | |
| }, | |
| "TON": { | |
| "value": "<ul> <li>50% of electricity generation from renewable sources by 2020. In 2015 renewable energy accounts for approximately 9% of total electricity generation, with confirmed and funded investments taking this to 13% in 2016.</li> <li>70% of electricity generation from renewable sources by 2030</li> <li>Improve Energy efficiency through reduction of electricity line losses to 9 percent by 2020 (from a baseline of 18 percent in 2010)</li> </ul>" | |
| }, | |
| "TTO": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "TUN": { | |
| "value": "<p>“This transition agenda aims for…a penetration rate of 30% for renewable energies in electricity production.”</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "TUR": { | |
| "value": "<p>“Plans and policies to be implemented for this INDC: Increasing capacity of production of electricity from solar power to 10 GW until 2030; increasing capacity of production of electricity from wind power to 16 GW until 2030; commissioning a new nuclear plant, and tapping the full hydroelectric potential.”</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "TUV": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Tuvalu’s Master Plan for Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency (TMPREEE), 2012- 2020, outlines the way forward to generate electricity from renewable energy and to develop an energy efficiency programme. It has two stated goals:</p> <p>1. To generate electricity with 100% renewable energy by 2020, and<br />2. To increase energy efficiency on Funafuti by 30%.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "UGA": { | |
| "value": "<p>Uganda communicates policies and measures for the mitigation contribution, including “achieving a total of at least 3,200 MW renewable electricity generation capacity by 2030, up from 729 MW in 2013.”</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "UKR": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "URY": { | |
| "value": "<p>Thanks to the ongoing structural transformation of the power generation mix, by 2017, Uruguay will achieve an absolute emissions reduction of 88% within this subsector compared to the annual average for the period 2005–2009, with a higher consumption…This will be achieved with 40% of non-conventional renewable energy sources (mainly wind, but also photovoltaic and biomass waste), in addition to 55% hydropower (estimating an average annual rainfall). Although this figure would increase in the following decades after reaching the hydro-wind complementation threshold, it could remain close to 2017 value, if storage systems were to be incorporated through additional means of implementation…”</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "VCT": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Energy efficiency: there is an objective to achieve a 15% reduction in national electricity consumption<a title=\"\" href=\"#_ftn1\">[1]</a> compared to a BAU scenario by 2025.\"</p> <p><a title=\"\" href=\"#_ftnref1\">[1]</a> St. Vincent and the Grenadines Energy Action Plan (2010). The proposed date to achieve this target (2020) has been revised back to 2025 to allow more time for the implementation of policies.</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "VEN": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Esta empresa ha implementado en la Reserva Forestal Imataca el Plan de Manejo Forestal Sustentable Reserva Forestal Imataca (RFI), Unidad de Manejo Imataca V, cuyos resultados se resumen a continuación:</p> <ul> <li>Implantación del nuevo modelo de producción forestal en una superficie de 166350 ha, con posibilidad de expandirse a un millón de hectáreas.</li> <li>De acuerdo con Estimaciones realizadas por ENAFOR, para un área de 200.000 ha de bosques intervenidos y no intervenidos en la RFI (Unidades III y V), el carbono almacenado en los mismos equivale a 159 ton/ha, lo que da como resultado para esa superficie un total de 31.800.000 ton de C (116.388.000 t CO<sub><span>2</span></sub>eq), como línea base. Con la aplicación del nuevo Modelo de Manejo Forestal aplicando la Normas Técnicas y Legales, es estimó como Emisiones evitadas directas: 1.136.759,35 tCO<sub>2</sub>eq para los 5 años del proyecto en 25.000 ha (227.351 tCO<sub>2</sub>eq para 5.000 ha/año) y emisiones evitadas indirectas: 18.188.149 tCO<sub>2</sub>eq para los 5 años del proyecto (3.637.629CO<sub>2</sub>eq por año en 80.000 ha). Como línea base se estima una pérdida de 453.135 ton/año CO<sub>2</sub>eq por uso de técnicas forestales convencionales para un área de aprovechamiento de 5.000 ha/año.</li> <li>ENAFOR, ha producido 200.000 plantas de las cuales el 60% (120.000) han sido donadas para su plantación por las misiones Arból y Vivienda, esto equivale a una superficie cercana 100 ha. Las restantes (80,000) han sido plantadas por ENAFOR para una superficie equivalente de 50 ha. Se han incorporado comunidades a las diferentes actividades del Manejo Forestal Sustentable. Estas actividades Involucran: Agroforestería, mediciones de árboles, Piqueros, Viveristas, y desarrollo Social\"</li> </ul> <p>This company [Socialist National Forestry Company (ENAFOR)] has implemented the Imataca Forest Reserve on Sustainable Forest Management Plan Imataca Forest Reserve (RFI) Imataca Management Unit V, whose results are summarized below:</p> <ul> <li>Implementation of the new model of forestry production in an area of 166,350 ha, with possibility to expand to one million hectares.</li> <li>According to estimates by ENAFOR, for an area of 200,000 hectares of logged forests not operated in the RFI (Units III and V), the carbon stored in them is equivalent to 159 tonnes / ha, which results for that area totaling 31.8 million tons of C (116,388,000 t CO<sub>2</sub> eq) as the base line. With the implementation of the new Forest Management Model applying technical and legal standards, it is considered as direct emissions avoided: 1,136,759.35 tCO<sub>2</sub>eq for the 5-year project on 25,000 ha (227,351 tCO<sub>2</sub>eq to5,000 ha / year) and indirect emissions avoided: 18,188,149 tCO<sub>2</sub>eq for the 5-year project (3.637.629CO<sub>2</sub>eq per year in 80,000 ha). As a baseline loss of 453,135 ton /year CO<sub>2</sub>e by using conventional techniques for forest harvest area of 5,000 ha / year it is estimated.</li> <li>ENAFOR has produced 200,000 plants of which 60% (120,000) have been donated to tree planting by quests and Housing, this amounts to a nearby 100 ha. The remaining (80,000) have been planted by ENAFOR for an equivalent area of 50 ha. Communities have joined the various activities of SFM. These activities involve: Agroforestry, tree measurements, Piqueros, Nurseries and Social Development \"</li> </ul>" | |
| }, | |
| "VNM": { | |
| "value": "Forest cover will increase to the level of 45% by 2030." | |
| }, | |
| "VUT": { | |
| "value": "<p>“The mitigation contribution for the Vanuatu INDC submission is a sector-specific target of transitioning to close to 100% renewable energy in the electricity sector by 2030. This target would replace nearly all fossilfuel requirements for electricity generation in the country and be consistent with the National Energy Road Map (NERM) target of 65% renewable energy by 2020.”</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "WSM": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Samoa is committed to reducing its GHG emissions from the Electricity sub sector through the adoption of a <strong>100% Renewable energy target for electricity generation through to the year 2025.</strong>\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "YEM": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "ZAF": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "ZMB": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "ZWE": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| } | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "id": 10, | |
| "name": "Actions", | |
| "slug": "actions", | |
| "labels": {}, | |
| "locations": { | |
| "AFG": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "AGO": { | |
| "value": "See Angola's full INDC submission for list of actions/projects for means of achieving the target" | |
| }, | |
| "ALB": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "AND": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "ARE": { | |
| "value": "<p>Economic Diversification with Mitigation Co-benefits</p> <p>\"The UAE’s population has more than tripled since 1995, and will continue to grow, putting increased pressure on the supply of energy and water. The UAE has therefore made the strategic decision to diversify its energy mix, increase efficiency, and continue to use world-class performance standards and the best available technologies in its energy intensive industries and its oil and gas sectors.\"</p> <p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Clean Energy Target </span></p> <p>\"The UAE set the region’s first renewable energy targets, at a time when there was widespread doubt about renewable energy’s viability and value. Since then, the country’s deployment of renewable energy has had a significant normalizing effect for the technology in the region. This is now joined by a compelling financial case, with recent results in the UAE recording the lowest cost for solar globally.</p> <p>The UAE has set a target of increasing clean energy contribution to the total energy mix from 0.2% in 2014, to 24% by 2021. This will be achieved through renewable and nuclear energy, and is underpinned by detailed emirate level targets and policies.\"</p> <p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Improvements in Energy Intensive Industries and the Oil and Gas Sector </span></p> <p>\"The UAE’s energy intensive industries and oil and gas sectors will continue to use innovative technologies to improve efficiency and reduce emissions.</p> <p>The UAE’s oil companies are among the most efficient globally. The UAE’s national oil company was the first in the region to promote the reduction of gas flaring, in order to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. In energy intensive industries, overall performance indicators will be improved through carbon abatement measures and increased resource efficiency.</p> <p>The UAE is also developing the region’s first commercial-scale network for carbon capture, usage and storage. The project notably captures and compresses emissions at a steel manufacturing facility, which will be compressed and transported to oil fields, where it will be used to enhance oil recovery and ultimately be stored underground providing one of the first viable mechanisms to decarbonize essential energy intensive industries.\"</p> <p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Energy and Water Efficiency </span></p> <p>\"In addition to supply side targets, the UAE is undertaking comprehensive policies to reduce energy and water demand and promote the prudent use of resources, through the following actions:</p> <ul> <li>Tariff reform: The UAE recognizes the value of energy and water tariff reform in reducing inefficiencies and promoting low-carbon development, as well as addressing energy security concerns. To this end, utility authorities in the UAE have introduced a number of initiatives and policies, and revised the country’s tariffs over the years and gradually adjust the tariffs for commercial and industrial customers, so as to reflect the cost of generation by 2021.</li> <li>Building and efficiency standards: the UAE is comprehensively targeting emissions from its building sector, which account for a significant percentage of the country’s electricity and water consumption, through green building regulations, efficiency standards, retrofit programs and support structures for energy service companies across the UAE.</li> <li>Demand side management: the UAE has launched a number of initiatives based on consumer awareness and demand management, including new formats for water and electricity bills, which give residents detailed consumption and subsidy information.</li> <li>District cooling: air-conditioning accounts for a significant share of energy consumption, given the UAE’s harsh climate. Comprehensive infrastructure investments are being undertaken to move towards district cooling and improve efficiency as compared to decentralized cooling.</li> <li>Appliance efficiency standards: the UAE introduced the region’s first efficiency standards for air-conditioning units, eliminating the lowestperforming 20% of units on the market, and is introducing efficiency standards for refrigeration and other appliances. The UAE has also established an indoor lighting standard that introduces energy efficient lighting products and phases-out inefficient lighting products in the UAE market.\"</li> </ul> <p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Transport and Infrastructure </span></p> <p>\"Infrastructure development is critical to the UAE’s plans for economic diversification and the country has made infrastructure development a key priority area. The government is investing heavily in world-class traffic and transport systems. For example, the Emirate of Abu Dhabi has adopted a comprehensive urban structure framework plan, to optimize the city’s development up to 2030.</p> <p>The UAE is undertaking the following investments and initiatives, which will have significant mitigation co-benefits in addressing the transport sector’s greenhouse gas emissions, including:</p> <ul> <li>the introduction of a new fuel pricing policy, which will put the UAE in line with global prices. This reform aims to support the national economy, lower fuel consumption, and protect the environment;</li> <li>a federal freight rail network crossing the country and eventually integrated into the GCC network;</li> <li>the Emirate of Abu Dhabi has also set targets to shift 25% of government vehicle fleets to compressed natural gas; and</li> <li>the Emirate of Dubai has invested in a multi-billion dollar light-rail and metro system, which will continue to add new lines.</li> </ul> <p>The UAE continues to improve the emission standards for new motor vehicles, in accordance with European emission standards, as well as through the introduction of standard labels. These initiatives target both improvements in fuel economy and reduction in local air pollution.</p> <p>The UAE will also introduce comprehensive regulations for electric vehicles, so as to facilitate their uptake domestically.\"</p> <p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Waste Sector </span></p> <p>\"The UAE will increase the amount of treated waste, and waste diverted from landfill, through a number of key initiatives, including:</p> <ul> <li>developing a federal law to regulate and oversee waste management;</li> <li>defining a federal roadmap for integrated waste; and,</li> <li>developing a federal database to gather and collect information regarding waste.\"</li> </ul>" | |
| }, | |
| "ARG": { | |
| "value": "Not Appliacble" | |
| }, | |
| "ARM": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "ATG": { | |
| "value": "<p>Conditional Mitigation Targets</p> <p>\"1. By 2020, establish efficiency standards for the importation of all vehicles and appliances.<br />2. By 2020, finalize the technical studies with the intention to construct and operationalize a waste to energy (WTE) plant by 2025.<a title=\"\" href=\"#_ftn1\">[1]</a><br />3. By 2030, achieve an energy matrix with 50 MW of electricity from renewable sources both on and off-grid in the public and private sectors. <a title=\"\" href=\"#_ftn1\">[2]</a><br />4. By 2030, all remaining wetlands and watershed areas with carbon sequestration potential are protected as carbon sinks.\"</p> <p>Unconditional Targets</p> <p>\"1. Enhance the established enabling legal, policy and institutional environment for a low carbon emission development pathway to achieve poverty reduction and sustainable development.<br />2. By 2020, update the Building Code to meet projected impacts of climate change.\"</p> <p><a title=\"\" href=\"#_ftnref1\">[1]</a> This waste to energy target is not considered part of the 50 MW renewable energy target. <br /><a title=\"\" href=\"#_ftnref1\">[2]</a> This target includes distributive renewable energy capacity to be used as backup energy by the commercial sector and some residences. The assumption is that the commercial sector has full backup capacity of approx. 20 MW to continue business when electricity via the grid may be interrupted. Backup electricity generation is currently fossil fuel-based.</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "AUS": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "AZE": { | |
| "value": "<p>See INDC for list of actions for means of achieving the target.</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "BDI": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "BEN": { | |
| "value": "See INDC for list of actions for means of achieving the target." | |
| }, | |
| "BFA": { | |
| "value": "See \"Annex 1: List of projects with a mitigation component\" and \"Annex 2: List of projects in the INDC [with] adaptation component\" in the INDC for list of actions for means of achieving the target." | |
| }, | |
| "BGD": { | |
| "value": "See INDC for list of actions for means of achieving the target" | |
| }, | |
| "BHR": { | |
| "value": "<p>Action with mitigation co-benefits</p> <p>“The Kingdom of Bahrain’s Economic Vision 2030 provides the long-term vision for a policy to diversify the economy. The aim is to inter alia reduce Bahrain’s dependence on oil & gas, focusing on the financial, manufacturing and tourism sectors. In line with Decision 24/CP.18, and putting forward current actions and plans in pursuit of economic diversification that have co-benefits in the form of emission reductions, Bahrain’s Vision 2030 maintains that “protecting our natural environment will include conserving our natural spaces for future generations to enjoy; implementing energy-efficiency regulations; directing investments to technologies that reduce carbon emissions, minimize pollution and promote the sourcing of more sustainable energy.”</p> <p>The following are strategies, plans and actions the Kingdom is undertaking which may contribute to low greenhouse gas emission development:</p> <table border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\"> <tbody> <tr> <td valign=\"top\"> <p>Energy Efficiency</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\">Kingdom of Bahrain Energy Efficiency Programme (KEEP) targets public, residential and commercial buildings and the industrial sector. It aims to improve energy efficiency to reduce cumulative electricity consumption by 2030.<br />Bahrain Petroleum Company (BAPCO) Energy Conservation Policy promotes the efficient use of natural resources, focusing on four key improvement areas: the improvement of heater efficiency; maximize condensate recovery; reduce mass loss; reactivate on-line energy intensity index.<br />Bahrain National Gas Company (Banagas) has completed a retrofit project of gas turbines which involves replacement of existing high NOx combustion liners resulting in an average reduction of 44% NOx emissions from the power generation station.<br />Tatweer Petroleum efficiency projects include manifold flare projects, associated gas compression projects, oilfield electrification projects and rental compressor stations projects have contributed to the reduction of CO<sub>2</sub> emissions.<br />The Motor Vehicles Standards and technical regulations are adopted to reduce the emissions from gasoline and diesel engine vehicles.<br />The Energy Efficient Lighting Initiative project supports replacing energy inefficient ILs with efficient CFLs in the short term and with more efficient technologies such as LED based lamps in the medium term.<br />Civil Aviation Authority - Emission Management Plan for Sustainable Aviation Growth includes an aviation efficiency program. This is developed in response to the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) 2010 Assembly Resolution A37-19.<br />Bahrain Airport Company has recently achieved the Airport Carbon Accreditation ‘Level 1 Mapping’ from the Airports Council International (ACI).<br />Ministry of Transportation and Communications continues to find ways and means to mitigate emissions from land transportation.<br />The Kingdom of Bahrain established a unit for Sustainable Energy under the Minster of Energy that focuses on energy conservation and renewable energy Policies.</td> </tr> <tr> <td valign=\"top\"> <p>Carbon Capture and Storage</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\">BAPCO Carbon Recovery Plan utilizes Waste CO<sub>2</sub> rich off gas stream which is to be used for industrial applications.<br />Gulf Petrochemical Industries Company (GPIC) Carbon Recovery Projectis able to capture CO2 in the flue gases of the GPIC Methanol Plant.</td> </tr> <tr> <td valign=\"top\"> <p>Renewable Energy</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p>BAPCO 5MW PV grid-connected plant aims at demonstrating PV solar technology under local conditions to support up scaling of renewable energy. The project consists of the installation of 21,000 smart solar panels to generate a substantial number of Kwhs of electricity annually. The Electricity and Water Authority 5MW grid-connected pilot power plant from solar/wind sources is underway.</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table>" | |
| }, | |
| "BIH": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "BLR": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "BLZ": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Belize’s mitigation actions, based on technology, financial and capacity building support are:</p> <p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">National REDD+ Strategy </span></p> <p>Belize’s contribution will address issues of deforestation and afforestation, maintaining healthy forest ecosystems by sustainable forest management, and increasing the resilience of human communities, especially those whose livelihoods depend on the use of forestry resources. Therefore, Belize will reduce greenhouse gas emissions from deforestation, and from forest degradation, conservation of forest carbon stocks, sustainable management of forests, enhancement of forest stocks through the development of a REDD+ strategy.</p> <p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Key Biodiversity Protected Areas </span></p> <p>Belize’s contribution will also address the management and protection of key biodiversity areas that will support forest protection and sustainable forest management plans and practices in targeted Protected Areas (PAs), rehabilitation of critical areas of high conservation value by local communities, and community-based sustainable use of ecosystem goods and services; (ii) improving management and monitoring of PAs, including development and implementation of management plans in the targeted PAs, and improving legal framework for the protection of biodiversity and forests;</p> <p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Transport Sector </span></p> <p>Belize’s contribution is to achieve at least a 20% reduction in conventional transportation fuel use by 2033 and promote energy efficiency in the transport sector through appropriate policies and investments:</p> <p>These improvements include:</p> <ul> <li>Undertaking a traffic management study aimed at reducing traffic congestion in urban areas and along the Philip Goldson Highway into Belize City;</li> <li>Improving public transportation;</li> <li>Upgrading maintenance of bus fleet;</li> <li>Improving scheduling;</li> <li>Upgrading the industrial fleet;</li> <li>Promoting the use of bio-fuels;</li> </ul> <p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Sustainable Energy Plan </span></p> <p>Belize’s contribution will be conducted through its Sustainable Energy Action Plan to improve energy efficiency and conservation in order to transform to a low carbon economy by 2033.</p> <p>The Sustainable Energy Action Plan has as its objective the reduction of Belize’s GHG emissions by 24 million metric tonnes of CO<sub>2</sub>e over the period 2014- 2033.</p> <p>In addition, Belize expects to increase its share of its renewable energy (RE) in Belize’s electricity mix by 85% by 2027 with a 62% carbon dioxide emissions reduction compared to a business as usual scenario (BAU). The strategic elements in the Plan are as follows:</p> <p>1. Improve Energy Efficiency to dramatically lower energy intensities across key economic sectors Transport, Industry, Buildings (Commercial & Residential), Public lighting and Agriculture</p> <ul> <li>Improve energy efficiency in buildings and appliances.</li> <li>Promote transition to sustainable transportation.</li> <li>Develop appropriate financial and market-based mechanisms that support energy efficiency and renewable energy.</li> </ul> <p>2. Develop Renewable Energy to shift the energy matrix away from fossil fuels (especially oil) to alternative renewable energy technologies.</p> <ul> <li>Develop Belize’s human, technological and institutional capacity to accelerate the uptake of appropriate clean energy and clean production technologies.</li> </ul> <p>3. Promote and facilitate Clean Production systems in the processing of Agriculture and Forestry outputs to co-produce bio-fuels and/or electricity.</p> <ul> <li>Promote the adoption of appropriate processing technologies to convert biomass from waste, forestry, agriculture and microbial production into food, feed, fibre, chemicals and energy (electricity, heat and bio-fuels).</li> </ul> <p>4. Enhancing national capacity in clean energy and clean production by developing human, technological, and institutional resources.</p> <ul> <li>Build the capacity of the Ministry of Energy, Science & Technology and Public Utilities (MESTPU) and supporting institutions with regard to effectively fulfilling their mandates.</li> <li>Strengthen the ongoing development of an appropriate legal and regulatory framework, and other policy mechanisms to support the mainstreaming of the clean energy and clean production technologies.</li> <li>Strengthen the Planning and Coordination functions of the MESTPU.</li> </ul> <p>5. Promote and support universal access to affordable modern energy services including energy infrastructure.</p> <ul> <li>Expand access to electricity, clean fuels, water and sanitation for under-served communities and households.</li> <li>Upgrading the electric grid and supply infrastructure to make it a smarter, more unified and integrated energy system</li> </ul> <p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Nation-wide improvements in the management of solid waste and reduction in the generation of GHG emissions.</span></p> <p>Develop and implement a country-wide Integrated Solid Waste Management Programme for Belize. Such a programme will seek to address and enhance current initiatives including:</p> <ul> <li>Institutional strengthening</li> <li>Waste segregation, storage, collection and transport,</li> <li>Waste minimization, re-use and recovery</li> <li>Education awareness ad stakeholder communications</li> </ul> <p>Develop a solid waste mitigation strategy, and a detailed nationally appropriate mitigation action (NAMA) plan, including measuring, reporting and verification (MRV) and financing and support options for Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects, capping and closing open dumps, capturing and utilizing landfill gas, and ensuring proper waste handling and organics management.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "BOL": { | |
| "value": "<p><strong>Structural solutions to the climate crisis </strong></p> <ol> <li>\"Adoption of a new model of civilization in the world without consumerism, war-mongering, and mercantilism, a world without capitalism; build and consolidate a world order of Living Well that defends and promotes the integral rights of our peoples, undertaking the path of harmony with nature and respect for life.</li> <li>Construction of a climate system based on responsibility to Mother Earth, the culture of life and the full realization of humanity in their holistic development, humanizing the economy, surpassing the simplistic approach to decarbonization of the economy.</li> <li>Protection of the Rights of Mother Earth in an articulated and complementary manner to the rights of peoples to their development.</li> <li>Defense of universal common goods such as the seas and oceans, water, atmospheric space, as well as the technological monopoly, promoting people's access to the common heritage.</li> <li>Elimination of patents on technologies and recognition of the human right to science and technology of life.</li> <li>Effective implementation by governments of the human right to water.</li> <li>Establishment of the International Court of Justice Climate and Mother Earth to enable countries to fulfill their international commitments to climate change in a context of respect for the rights of peoples and of Mother Earth.</li> <li>Allocate the resources of the military machinery of the imperial powers and the war-mongers to finance the activities of the peoples against climate change.</li> <li>Eradication of commodification of nature and carbon markets promoting business climate millionaires, which do not solve the problem of the climate crisis.</li> <li>Decolonize natural resources environmental colonial biased views that see the peoples of the South as forest rangers of Northern countries and communities as enemies of nature.\"</li> </ol> <p><strong>Results and national actions in the context of holistic development </strong></p> <p>\"Bolivia considers its nationally determined contributions as an ambitious and just effort, considering its national circumstances. Bolivia’s contribution articulates in two periods in an integrated manner. The first is linked to the 2015-2020 period, in the understanding that all countries should undertake ambitious efforts now in order to achieve ambitious reduction in increase of global temperature. The second is related to the 2021-2030 scenario. Also, both periods consider the additional results that could be achieved with the support of international cooperation and the financial mechanism of the UNFCCC, understanding cooperation as grant-based finance and technology transfer.</p> <p><strong>2015-2030 Period with National Efforts.</strong></p> <p>\"The Plurinational State of Bolivia estimates reaching the following objectives and results in mitigation and adaptation in the framework on holistic development by 2030, with a 2010 reference year:</p> <ul> <li>Water. Increase in a holistic manner the adaptation capacity and systematically reduce the hydric vulnerability in the country.</li> <li>Energy. Increase the electric generation capacity through renewable energies for local and regional development.</li> <li>Forest and agriculture. Increase the capacity of joint adaptation and mitigation through the comprehensive and sustainable management of forests\"</li> </ul> <p>i) <strong>With regards to water</strong>, actions will be promoted with a focus on adaptation to climate change and risk management, aiming for the following results:</p> <ul> <li>Triplicate (3.779 million m<sup>3</sup>) water storage capacity by 2030, in relation to 596 million m3 in 2010.</li> <li>Achieve 100% drinking water coverage by 2025, with resilient delivery services. 100% coverage of drinking water achieved by 2025, with resilient delivery systems and services.</li> <li>Reduction of the water component of the Unsatisfied Basic Needs (NBI, for its name in Spanish) to 0.02% by 2030.</li> <li>Triplicate irrigation surface to over 1 million hectares by 2030 with regards to 296.368 hectares in 2010, duplicate food production under irrigation by 2020 and triplicate by 2030, with regards to 1,69 million metric tonnes of 2010. In this manner, resilient agriculture and livestock systems will be achieved.</li> <li>Significant improvement of social participation for local water management, increasing to 80% the number social organizations with resilient systems with respect to 35% of 2010.</li> <li>Increase food production under irrigation, to more than 6 millions metric tonnes by 2020 with regards to 2010.</li> <li>Increase the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) to 5,37% by 2030, with the contribution of resilient water and irrigation systems.</li> <li>Reduction of water vulnerability from 0,51 to 0,30 units by 2030 with regards to 2010, which is measured with the National Index of Hydrid Vulnerability in the country, considering aspects related to exposures (treats), hydric sensitivity (hydric scarcity) and adaptation capacity.</li> <li>Increase adaptation capacity from 0,23 units of 2010 to 0,69 units by 2030, which is measured through the National Index of Adaptation Capacity of Water</li> <li>The following measures and actions will be developed for the achievement of results linked with water:</li> <li>Development of resilient infrastructure for the production and service sector.</li> <li>Construction of coverage networks of drinking water and sewage.</li> <li>Reuse of water for productive purposes to increase food production.</li> <li>Restoration of vegetation cover (trees, grasslands, wetlands and others) to prevent erosion and reduce damage due to adverse climatic events.</li> <li>Increase in irrigated area through revitalized irrigation systems, irrigation technology, irrigation dams, water harvesting, and multipurpose water reuse projects.</li> <li>Construction of multipurpose hydropower to expand the water storage capacity.</li> <li>Treatment plants for domestic and industrial wastewater including from mining and other activities.</li> <li>Strengthening community management, union and local capacities for adaptation to climate change, including community irrigation management and collective management of water services.</li> <li>Implementation of ancestral practices and knowledge, in the context of integrated water management.</li> <li>Risk management actions to mitigate common threats of the risks of drought and flooding.</li> <li>Installation of hydrometeorological, geological and seismic stations articulated nationally.</li> <li>Management of water quality service and loss reduction, including promoting the use of artefacts in low water consumption, efficient health systems and alternative technologies.</li> <li>Rainwater harvest for various domestic uses, as well as the re-use of gray water from showers, sinks, laundries and downspouts, for various domestic purposes, except for human consumption.</li> <li>Broader use of water harvesting technologies, conservation of soil moisture and water more efficiently (irrigation and livestock) (such as when there are shortages and stock up as store when there are plenty).</li> <li>Implementation of treatment systems and water purification to improve water quality for human consumption.</li> </ul> <p>ii) <strong>With regard to energy</strong>, actions are promoted with a focus on mitigation and adaptation to climate change and holistic development, achieving the following results:</p> <ul> <li>Increased participation of renewable energy to 79% by 2030 from 39% in 2010.</li> <li>Increased participation of alternative energy and other energy (steam combined cycle) from 2% in 2010 to 9% in 2030 in the total electrical system, which implies an increase of 1,228 MW by 2030, compared to 31 2010 MW.</li> <li>Increased power generation to 13,387 MW electricity sector by 2030, compared to 1,625 MW by 2010.</li> <li>Reduced the Unsatisfied Basic Needs (NBI) for electricity coverage from 14.6% in 2010 to 3% by 2025.</li> <li>Develop the export potential of electricity, generated mainly by renewable energies, reaching to export an estimated 8,930 MW by 2030, increasing energy state income.</li> <li>Reduce moderate poverty to 13.4% in 2030 and eradicated extreme poverty by 2025, according to impact, among others, of the generation and energy coverage, including growth, distribution and redistribution of energy income.</li> <li>Contribution to the growth of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) to 5.4% in 2030 due to the impact of the energy sector.</li> </ul> <p>To achieve results related to energy the following measures and actions will be promoted:</p> <ul> <li>Change and diversification of the energy matrix with renewable energy growth through the construction of hydropower (small and medium hydropower plants, large hydro and multipurpose) and boost alternative energy (wind, biomass, geothermal and solar), and use other sources of energy (steam combined cycle).</li> <li>Universal energy that promotes universal access to clean energy with emphasis on the poorest population.</li> <li>Large networks of power lines for transmission and distribution services coverage.</li> <li>State participation in energy generation, creating income and implementing policies and redistribution of wealth.</li> <li>Promotion of energy surplus export from renewables sources, positioning Bolivia as a regional powerhouse with clean energy.</li> </ul> <p>iii) <strong>In relation to forests and agriculture</strong>, actions will be promoted with a focus on joint mitigation and adaptation to climate change and holistic development, achieving the following results:</p> <ul> <li>Zero illegal deforestation by 2020</li> <li>Increased the surface of forested and reforested areas to 4.5 million hectares by 2030.</li> <li>Increased forest areas with integrated and sustainable community management approaches with 16.9 million hectares in 2030, in reference to 3.1 million hectares by 2010.</li> <li>Strengthened environmental functions (carbon capture and storage, organic matter and soil fertility, biodiversity conservation and water availability) in about 29 million hectares by 2030.</li> <li>Contribution to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth of 5.4% in 2030, boosted by agricultural and forestry production complementary to conservation.</li> <li>Reducing extreme poverty to zero in the population dependent on forests by 2030, based on approximately 350 thousand people by 2010.</li> <li>Increase net forest cover more than 54 million hectares by 2030, compared to the 52.5 million of 2010.</li> <li>Contributing to an increase in Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of 5.4 % in 2030, furthered by agricultural and forestry production, complementing conservation efforts.</li> <li>Extreme poverty has been reduced to zero within the population that depends on forests by 2030 from approximately 350 thousand people in 2010.</li> <li>Net forest coverage has increased in 2030 to more than 54 million hectares compared to the 52.5 million in 2010.</li> <li>Joint mitigation and adaptation capacity has increased in areas covered by forests, agricultural and forestry systems from 0.35 units in 2010 to 0.78 in 2030, as measured by the Index of Sustainable Forest Life, achieving productivity and conservation systems that are both complementary and resilient.</li> </ul> <p>To achieve the results mentioned beforehand in forests and in agricultural, forestry and agro-forestry production systems, the following measures and actions will be implemented:</p> <ul> <li>Resilience has been achieved through the strengthening of environmental functions and the productive capacities of agricultural and agroforestry systems.</li> <li>Integrated and sustainable management of forests has strengthened through the management of timber and non-timber products in an integrated and sustainable manner.</li> <li>Conservation of areas with high environmental functions.</li> <li>Restoration and recovery of degraded soils and forests.</li> <li>Consolidation and strengthening of regenerative capacities of forests and forest systems.</li> <li>Implementation of control, monitoring, and tracking systems for the appropriate use of areas of forest life.</li> <li>Actions related to supervision and control for the proper management of forests has been achieved.</li> <li>Actions pertaining to the proper management of protected areas and forest areas with conservation priority have been achieved. Consolidation of agroforestry systems.</li> <li>Transition to semi - intensive systems of livestock management and integrated management of agroforestry and silviculture techniques.</li> <li>Transition to agricultural systems with sustainable management practices.</li> <li>Reduction of vulnerabilities in agricultural, fisheries, and agro-forestry systems of production.</li> <li>Sustainable use of biodiversity resources, wildlife and aquatic life for food security and sustainable industrialization.</li> <li>Control of illegal deforestation and establishment of systems of control and monitoring of deforestation, fires and forest fires.</li> <li>Training in technologies adapted to climate change (local knowledge and modern technologies).</li> <li>Actions to reduce the vulnerability of production systems in a climate change scenario.</li> <li>Usage of better local adapted varieties of species suited for the climate, and resistant to pests and diseases.</li> <li>Measures of agricultural and livestock production insurance to include additional conservation actions, making resilient agricultural and forestry production systems.</li> <li>Development of research and information on alternatives for climate change and adaptation technologies.</li> <li>Strengthening of local capacities for adaptation to climate change.</li> <li>Strengthening community based stewardship in forest management and farming systems.</li> <li>Forestation and reforestation, forest plantations, parks and urban forests.\"</li> </ul><p><strong>Period 2015-2030 with International Cooperation.</strong></p> <p>\"In the framework of international cooperation and with the support of the financial mechanism of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change estimates that Bolivia could increase their results as detailed below:</p> <p>i) In regards to water, the following results is estimated:</p> <ul> <li>Water storage capacity has quadrupled in 2030 (3.779 million m<sup>3</sup>) compared to 2010 (596 million m<sup>3</sup>).</li> <li>Agricultural irrigation has increased to 1.5 million hectares by 2030, compared to 2010 with 296,000 hectares.</li> <li>Agricultural production under irrigation has quadrupled by 2030 (9.49 million tons) compared to 2010 (1.69 million MT) .</li> <li>Local water management by social organizations has increased to 90 % by 2030.</li> </ul> <p>ii) In regards to energy, the following results is estimated:</p> <ul> <li>Increased participation of renewable energy to 81% by 2030, compared to 39 % in 2010 .</li> <li>We have consolidated the participation of alternative energy and other energy (steam combined cycle) to 9 % of the total electrical system with an installed capacity of 1,378 MW by 2030.</li> <li>Bolivia’s energy export potential has increased, generated mainly from renewable energy to power 10,489 MW by 2030.</li> </ul> <p>iii) In regards to forests and agriculture, the following results is estimated:</p> <ul> <li>Community forest management has increased sevenfold in the area of forest management in 2030.</li> <li>Timber and non-timber production has increased by 40%, doubling food production from the integrated management of forest and agricultural systems in 2030.</li> <li>Increased reforestation by 6 million hectares by 2030.\"</li> </ul>" | |
| }, | |
| "BRA": { | |
| "value": "See INDC for list of actions for means of achieving the target" | |
| }, | |
| "BRB": { | |
| "value": "See INDC for actions in energy and waste sectors for means of achieving the target." | |
| }, | |
| "BRN": { | |
| "value": "<p>See below for actions as means to achieve the mitigation contribution.</p> <p>1. Energy Contribution</p> <p>\"Brunei Darussalam has an aspirational target to reduce total energy consumption by 63% by 2035 from a Business-As-Usual (BAU) scenario. This will be achieved by implementing policies and actions in a number of areas which are outlined in the following sections, and by further research, development and capacity building in areas where the magnitude of possible climate change mitigation benefits have yet to be determined.</p> <p>1.1 Reduction of Energy Intensity Across all Economic Sectors</p> <p>A reduction of 45% in energy intensity is measured as a 45% reduction in tonnes of oil equivalent per unit of gross domestic product, using 2005 as a base year. This will be achieved by implementing a number of measures including:</p> <p>Policies and regulatory frameworks for energy efficiency and conservation:<br />i. Electricity Tariff Reform<br />ii. Energy Efficiency and Conservation Building Guidelines for Non-Residential Sector<br />iii. Standards and Energy Labelling for Products and Appliances<br />iv. Energy Management Policy<br />v. Fuel Economy Regulation<br />vi. Financial Incentives<br />vii. Awareness Raising</p> <p>Project based energy efficiency measures such as the increased use of energy efficient streetlights. This involves replacement of the existing high pressure sodium vapour street lighting to low wattage and superior technology lighting to increase standards nationwide.</p> <p>1.2 Increasing the share of Renewable Energy in the national total power generation mix</p> <p>Increasing the share of renewables so that 10% of the total power generation is sourced from renewable energy by 2035 which will be achieved through measures such as:</p> <p>i. Increasing the use of solar power as a renewable resource. To this end a three year study from 2010-2012 was carried out on six types of solar cells at the Tenaga Suria Solar Power Plant (a solar demonstration project) to increase technical capacity for deploying solar resources in future</p> <p>ii. Utilising the 10-15 MW potential of waste to energy resources that have already been identified in the Energy White Paper.</p> <p>1.3 Land Transport</p> <p>In 2014, Brunei Darussalam published its Land Transport Master Plan (LTMP); based on a comprehensive assessment of the country’s current land transport situation. A variety of forecasts and mitigation scenarios were explored; however the preferred scenario, and that most in line with the Wawasan Brunei 2035 national vision, entails a 40% reduction in morning peak hour carbon dioxide emissions against a BAU scenario in 2035. With no action, the BAU scenario represents a 178% net increase in GHG emissions over 2012 levels. However in implementing the preferred scenario, this will limit the net increase in emissions in 2035 to 67% over 2012 levels.</p> <p>In order to achieve this scenario, as well as various other transport policy objectives, the Land Transport White Paper sets out a total of 38 transport policy recommendations, some of which are immediately relevant to GHG mitigation, such as implementing fuel standards or promoting electric and hybrid vehicles.\"</p> <p>For more information on the implementation plans to achieve energy intensity reduction goals; renewable energy goal, and land transport policy planes, please refer to Section 5 \"Planning for Implementation\" of the INDC. </p> <p>2 Mitigation Contributions from the Forestry and Land Use Sectors</p> <p>\"Brunei Darussalam is considered one of the world’s leading nations in terms of its actions to preserve forest cover, with currently approximately 75% of its 5,765 square kilometres national land area is under forest cover. It is comprised of what experts believe to be the oldest tropical rainforest ecosystem in the world, but also mangroves, peat swamps and other areas which sequester carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.</p> <p>Approximately 41% of the country’s land area have been gazetted as forest reserves. These forest reserves are protected by robust legislation. The Government of Brunei Darussalam intends to increase the total gazette forest reserves to 55%, and has already commenced working with the relevant authorities to increase the area. The decision to ban logging concessions from nationally designated forest reserves has also been implemented. Restricted and controlled logging will only be allowed in designated Inter Riverine Zones (IRZ), a small area of land which has been strictly regulated by volume quotas to manage activity in the region. IRZ areas in the country are small areas, totalling 50,000 hectares, of which logging and forest plantation can only take place in a designated area of 30,000 hectares.</p> <p>Brunei Darussalam is also a key member of the “Heart of Borneo” Initiative, a trilateral forest conservation agreement signed with Malaysia and Indonesia to preserve and protect its remaining unique ecosystems. The initiative will further ensure the best sustainable forestry practices in the country.\"</p> <p>3 Other mitigation measures</p> <p>\"The Government of Brunei Darussalam has developed building guidelines; all buildings including commercial and housing estates, industrial and government buildings are required to set aside or to retain 10% of the land as open space or green area.</p> <p>Studies are being undertaken to identify measures to reduce flaring and venting during gas extraction, which in turn will reduce emissions of methane and carbon dioxide. Gas flaring and venting also wastes valuable energy resources that could be used to support economic growth.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "BTN": { | |
| "value": "See INDC for list of actions for means of achieving the target" | |
| }, | |
| "BWA": { | |
| "value": "<p>See INDC for list of actions for means of achieving the target.</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "CAF": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "CAN": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "CHE": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "CHL": { | |
| "value": "See INDC for list of actions for means of achieving the target" | |
| }, | |
| "CHN": { | |
| "value": "See INDC for list of actions for means of achieving the target." | |
| }, | |
| "CMR": { | |
| "value": "See INDC for list of actions for means of achieving the target." | |
| }, | |
| "COD": { | |
| "value": "See INDC for list of actions for means of achieving the target." | |
| }, | |
| "COG": { | |
| "value": "<p>See INDC for list of actions for means of achieving the target.</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "COK": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "COL": { | |
| "value": "See INDC for list of actions for means of achieving the target. Also see INDC for \"Colombia’s adaption action towards Paris Agreement.\"" | |
| }, | |
| "COM": { | |
| "value": "See INDC for list of actions for means of achieving the target." | |
| }, | |
| "CPV": { | |
| "value": "<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Transport</span><br />\"Seek to develop a NAMA that increases energy efficiency of the transport sector, including domestic shipping and domestic air travel, and evaluates options for policies and actions available to reduce the impact of GHG emissions originating from this sector.</p> <p>The NAMA will initially be focused on the collection of relevant data for the sector, including, among others, fuel type and consumption per transport mode, technology performance, fuel substitution possibilities, estimation of costs, and an updated GHG emissions profile for light-duty vehicles as well as for freight and passenger transportation services.</p> <p>This NAMA will also consider options for boosting hybrid and electric fleet in the country, in particular, the feasibility of making government vehicles electrically powered by 2030.\"</p> <p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Forestry</span><br />\"Cabo Verde makes an unconditional long-term commitment to engage in new afforestation/reforestation (“A/R”) campaigns in the order of 10,000 hectares by 2030.</p> <p>With international support, Cabo Verde seeks an A/R campaign area of around 20,000 hectares until 2030.<br />We estimate a planting effort of 400 trees per hectare. If 20,000 hectares are successfully planted, this will generate a long-term sequestration gain of 360 tCO<sub>2</sub>eq per hectare sequestered after 30 years, corresponding to 7.2 mtCO<sub>2</sub>eq for 20,000 hectares after 30 years.</p> <p>Cabo Verde also aims at eliminating three stone cooking stove (35% of households still use three-stone stove) through improved low-emissions cookstoves by 2025 at the latest, and thereby substantially removing demand for firewood.</p> <p>At the level of governance and institutional infrastructure, Cabo Verde seeks to improve overall forestry governance by investing in inventory and land registry systems, designating priority afforestation/reforestation, and preparing long-term sustainable land management plans coupled with performance-based subsidies.\"</p> <p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Waste</span><br />\"Seek to provide proper waste management coverage (with waste segregation, recycling, and treatment in sanitary landfills) for at least 50% of the more vulnerable municipalities by 2030, including:</p> <ul> <li>implementing educational programs for the separation of basic waste types by households and waste producers;</li> <li>planning and building 5 waste collection and recycling facilities and/or general drop off points by 2025;</li> <li>planning and building at least 1 landfill equipped with gas-to-energy systems by 2025; and</li> <li>developing stand-alone bio-energy solutions.</li> </ul> <p>Seek to promote the use of the resulting sludge from the wastewater treatment process for the production of clean energy;</p> <p>Seek to further develop and implement the Waste Roadmap for Cabo Verde, as well regulate and implement the new General Solid Waste Law;</p> <p>Seek to further develop and implement the water and sanitation master plans (“Planos Diretores de Água e Saneamento - PDAS”), as well as regulate and implement the new Water and Sanitation Code; and</p> <p>Seek to improve governance, institutional and technical capacities by:</p> <ul> <li>collecting and organizing relevant data on waste generation;</li> <li>designing an inter-municipal integrated waste management system; and</li> <li>capacitating the public sector to engage with private sector operators and technology providers.\"</li> </ul>" | |
| }, | |
| "CRI": { | |
| "value": "<p>See INDC for list of actions for means of achieving the target.</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "CUB": { | |
| "value": "<p class=\"Default\">”Teniendo como base el potencial de fuentes renovables disponible en el país, se prevé la instalación de 2 144 MW de potencia conectada a la red eléctrica nacional, que incluye la construcción de:</p> <ul> <li>19 bioeléctricas anexas a los centrales azucareros con 755 MW a partir de la biomasa cañera y forestal.</li> <li>13 parques eólicos con 633 MW.</li> <li>700 MW Fotovoltaicos y,</li> <li>74 pequeñas centrales hidroeléctricas</li> </ul> <p class=\"Default\">Se estima que la realización de estos programas permitirá la generación de más de 7 mil GWh al año con fuentes renovables, dejando de emitir a la atmósfera más de 6 millones de toneladas de CO<sub>2</sub>.</p> <p class=\"Default\">En adición, se trabaja en otros proyectos que incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>La instalación de 200 mil m2 de calentadores solares en los sectores residencial e industrial.</li> <li>La instalación de bombas solares en la agricultura.</li> <li>El aprovechamiento de los residuos orgánicos para la producción de biogás y la obtención de bioabonos que remplazan fertilizantes químicos coadyuvará a la reducción de las emisiones y a la disminución de la contaminación de cuencas hidrográficas y bahías. Especial atención tienen los residuos de la producción animal, la industria y los sólidos urbanos.</li> </ul> <p class=\"Default\">Por otra parte, para incrementar la eficiencia en el uso de la energía, la nueva política energética prevé, entre otras acciones, las siguientes:</p> <ul> <li>La instalación de tecnología LED con la distribución de 13 millones de lámparas en el sector residencial y de 250 mil luminarias para el alumbrado público.</li> <li>La sustitución de 2 millones de cocinas eléctricas de resistencia por cocinas de inducción.</li> </ul> <p>El desarrollo y encadenamiento de la industria nacional con estos programas, es un objetivo esencial de la política para la asimilación, desarrollo y producción de equipos y medios para el aprovechamiento de las fuentes renovables y la elevación de la eficiencia energética.”<br /><br /></p> <p>Based on the renewable energy potential of the country, the installation of 2,144 MW of new generation for the national grid is planned, which includes the construction of:</p> <ul> <li>19 bioelectric conduits to sugar plants with 755 MW from sugarcane and forest biomass,</li> <li>13 wind farms with 633 MW,</li> <li>700 MW photovoltaic and,</li> <li>74 small hydroelectric plants.</li> </ul> <p>It is estimated that the implementation of these programs will lead to the generation of more than 7,000 GWh per year from renewable sources, avoiding the emissions of more than 6 million tons of CO<sub>2</sub> into the atmosphere.</p> <p>In addition, the country is working on other projects, including:</p> <ul> <li>The installation of 200,000 m2 of solar heaters in the residential and industrial sectors,</li> <li>The installation of solar pumps in agriculture,</li> <li>The use of organic waste to produce biogas and bio-fertilizers that will replace chemical fertilizers, contributing to reduced emissions and the pollution of watersheds and bays. Special attention will be paid to waste from livestock and industry and municipal solid waste.</li> </ul> <p>Moreover, to increase energy efficiency a new energy policy provides, among others, the following:</p> <ul> <li>The installation of LED technology via the distribution of 13 million lamps in the residential sector and 250 thousand luminaires for street lighting,</li> <li>The replacement of 2 million electric cookers for induction cookers.</li> </ul> <p>Developing and linking the domestic industry with these programs is an essential policy objective for the integration, development and production of renewable energy equipment and increased energy efficiency. </p>" | |
| }, | |
| "DJI": { | |
| "value": "See INDC for list of actions for means of achieving the target." | |
| }, | |
| "DMA": { | |
| "value": "<p>See INDC for list of actions for means of achieving the target.</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "DOM": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "DZA": { | |
| "value": "See INDC for list of actions for means of achieving the target." | |
| }, | |
| "ECU": { | |
| "value": "See INDC for list of actions for means of achieving the target" | |
| }, | |
| "EGY": { | |
| "value": "<p>Mitigation Policies</p> <p>\"The key for Egypt to mitigate GHGs emissions is to provide appropriate foundations for the development of low carbon energy systems.</p> <p>Pathways to achieving high CO<sub>2</sub> mitigation levels comprise the following:</p> <ul> <li>Widespread diffusion of locally-appropriate low-carbon energy production technologies, with substantial reductions in energy intensity</li> <li>Comprehensive mitigation efforts covering all major sources of emissions</li> <li>Locally-appropriate technology transfer and financial flows from industrialized countries (Annex I countries) to support carbon emission abatement according to the UNFCCC principles, which acknowledges that developed countries should provide required support to developing countries in this regard.</li> </ul> <p>Policies targeting development that is more sustainable rely upon five main pillars:</p> <ol> <li>More efficient use of energy, especially by end users;</li> <li>Increased use of renewable energy as an alternative to non-renewable energy sources;</li> <li>Use of advanced locally-appropriate and more-efficient fossil fuel technologies, which is less-emitting, in addition to new generations of nuclear power;</li> <li>Energy efficiency is the cornerstone to be targeted by policy makers to decouple demand on energy and economic growth; and</li> <li>Reform energy subsidies. This policy is implemented using four pillars, namely: set different prices for petroleum products based on energy generation efficiency; increase the efficiency of energy use; provide support to certain sectors to promote switching from conventional energy sources to clean energy sources; and apply the fuel subsidy smartcard system to ensure that subsidies are received by target beneficiaries.</li> </ol> <p>The degree to which efficiency improvements can limit energy demand growth is one of the main distinguishing characteristics of greenhouse gas reduction pathways. Energy efficiency could be improved radically through a combination of behavioral changes and rapid introduction of stringent efficiency regulations, technology standards, and environmental externality pricing, which mitigates rebound effects.</p> <p>Renewable energy technologies, which are relevant to the local context, will play a very important role in reducing GHG emissions, but they would not suffice to keep climate change manageable. However, renewable energy may provide a number of opportunities since it also addresses sustainable and equitable economic development, energy access, secure energy supply, and reduced local environmental and health impacts.</p> <p>In addition, efforts in Egypt should focus on replacing or upgrading obsolete infrastructure e.g. upgrading old fossil fuel power plants with locally appropriate technologies to increase its capacity. This needs increase financial support from Annex I parties in addition to technology transfer and local capacity building. There are four key technology-related requirements essential for transformation: (i) continued support of energy conversion efficiencies, (ii) carbon capture and storage “CCS” as a technology alternative that can be used in the future if proven economically feasible,(iii) co-utilization of fossil fuel and biomass in the same plants, and (iv) utilization of co-generation plants.</p> <p>Using advanced generations of nuclear reactors could be important to fill the gap between reducing fossil fuel dependence and the deployment of renewable energy. In addition, nuclear energy can be an important contributor in the future energy mix to stabilize CO<sub>2</sub> levels as energy demand continues to grow.</p> <p>Additional mitigation measures include the increase of the country’s CO<sub>2</sub> absorptive capacity through plantation, maintaining suitable types of trees along road sides, the middle-island of inter-city and urban roads, and on irrigation and drainage canal banks. In addition, wood forests should use treated wastewater for irrigation.\"</p> <p>Mitigation Actions</p> <p>\"The two following tables present the most important mitigation actions across different sectors at the national level.\"</p> <p>Table 2. Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Measures in Different Energy Sub-Sectors</p> <table style=\"width: 100%;\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\"> <tbody> <tr> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"26%\"> <p>Sector</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"73%\"> <p>Mitigation Measure</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"26%\"> <p>Industry</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"73%\"> <p>Energy efficiency improvements</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"73%\"> <p>Utilization of solar energy for water heating</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"26%\"> <p>Transportation</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"73%\"> <p>Energy efficiency improvements</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style=\"text-align: right;\" rowspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" width=\"26%\"> <p>Passengers</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"73%\"> <p>Increase share of Railways Pass. Transport</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"73%\"> <p>Increase share of Microbuses Pass. Transport</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"73%\"> <p>Increase share of River Pass. Transport</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"73%\"> <p>Cairo metro (Line 3 phase 3&4 + Line 4)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style=\"text-align: right;\" rowspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" width=\"26%\"> <p>Freight</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"73%\"> <p>Improve road transport efficiency</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"73%\"> <p>Switch from road to river transport</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"73%\"> <p>Switch from road to rail transport</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"26%\"> <p>Agriculture</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"73%\"> <p>Energy efficiency improvements</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"26%\"> <p>Res. & Comm.</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"73%\"> <p>Energy efficiency improvements</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"73%\"> <p>Utilization of solar energy for water heating</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" width=\"26%\"> <p>Electricity</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"73%\"> <p>Energy efficiency improvements</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"73%\"> <p>Nuclear energy use for power generation</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"73%\"> <p>Renewable energy use for power generation</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"26%\"> <p>Petroleum</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"73%\"> <p>Energy efficiency improvements</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>Table 3. GHGs Emissions Reduction Actions in Non-Energy Sectors</p> <table border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\"> <tbody> <tr> <td valign=\"top\"> <p>Sector</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p>Mitigation Measure</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan=\"5\" valign=\"top\"> <p>Agriculture</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p>Enteric fermentation</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign=\"top\"> <p>Manure management</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign=\"top\"> <p>Rice cultivation</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign=\"top\"> <p>Agriculture soils</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign=\"top\"> <p>Field burning of agriculture residues</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\"> <p>Waste</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p>Solid waste</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign=\"top\"> <p>Wastewater</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign=\"top\"> <p>Incineration</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"> <p>Industrial Processes</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p>Encourage waste management and recycling</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign=\"top\"> <p>Optimize the production of cement, lime, iron and steel, ammonia not used in urea, nitrogenous fertilizers and nitric acid</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"> <p>Oil and Natual Gas</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p>Production and processing</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign=\"top\"> <p>Venting and flaring (waste heat)</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table>" | |
| }, | |
| "ERI": { | |
| "value": "See INDC for list of actions for means of achieving the target." | |
| }, | |
| "ETH": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "EU28": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "FJI": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "GAB": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "GEO": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable " | |
| }, | |
| "GHA": { | |
| "value": "<p>Mitigation Policy Actions (The following INDC policy actions will be implemented to achieve the mitigation goal. Refer Annex 1 for the detailed description on mitigation policy actions.)</p> <ul> <li>Scale up renewable energy penetration by 10% by 2030</li> <li>Promote clean rural households lighting</li> <li>Double energy efficiency improvements to 20% in power plants</li> <li>Scale up sustainable mass transportation</li> <li>Promote sustainable utilization of forest resources through REDD+</li> <li>Adopt alternative urban solid waste management</li> <li>Double energy efficiency improvement to 20% in industrial facilities</li> <li>Green cooling Africa initiative</li> </ul> <p>Adaptation Policy Actions</p> <ul> <li>Agriculture resilience building climate vulnerable landscapes</li> <li>Value addition-based utilization of forest resources</li> <li>City-wide resilient infrastructure planning</li> <li> Early warning and disaster prevention</li> <li>Managing climate-induced health risk</li> <li>Integrated water resources management</li> <li>Resilience for gender and the vulnerable<p>" | |
| }, | |
| "GIN": { | |
| "value": "See INDC for list of actions for means of achieving the target" | |
| }, | |
| "GMB": { | |
| "value": "<table border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\"> <tbody> <tr> <td rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"85\"> <p align=\"center\"><strong>Mitigation activity</strong></p> <p align=\"center\"><strong> </strong></p> </td> <td rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"179\"> <p align=\"center\"><strong>Description</strong></p> <p align=\"center\"><strong> </strong></p> </td> <td rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"62\"> <p align=\"center\"><strong>Unconditional</strong></p> <p align=\"center\"><strong> </strong></p> </td> <td colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"124\"> <p align=\"center\"><strong>Conditional upon*</strong></p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"62\"> <p align=\"center\"><strong>Reduction </strong></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"62\"> <p align=\"center\"><strong>FS</strong></p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"62\"> <p align=\"center\"><strong>TT</strong></p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"62\"> <p align=\"center\"><strong>Gg CO<sub>2</sub>e </strong><strong>in 2025</strong></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"85\"> <p>Afforestation</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"179\"> <p>Plant trees on communal lands to increase forest coverage</p> </td> <td width=\"62\"> <p align=\"center\">✓</p> </td> <td width=\"62\"> <p align=\"center\"> </p> </td> <td width=\"62\"> <p align=\"center\"> </p> </td> <td width=\"62\"> <p align=\"right\">275.4</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"85\"> <p>Nerica Upland Rice</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"179\"> <p>Reduce methane emissions from flooded rice fields by replacing them with efficient dry upland rice</p> </td> <td width=\"62\"> <p align=\"center\"> </p> </td> <td width=\"62\"> <p align=\"center\">✓</p> </td> <td width=\"62\"> <p align=\"center\">✓</p> </td> <td width=\"62\"> <p align=\"right\">397.7</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"85\"> <p>System of Rice Intensification</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"179\"> <p>Reduce methane emissions through water management, less flooded areas, reduced fertilizer usage</p> </td> <td width=\"62\"> <p align=\"center\"> </p> </td> <td width=\"62\"> <p align=\"center\">✓</p> </td> <td width=\"62\"> <p align=\"center\">✓</p> </td> <td width=\"62\"> <p align=\"right\">707.0</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"85\"> <p>Reduce Trans-mission Losses</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"179\"> <p>Refurbish and upgrade the national grid (from 33Kv to 132Kv) to reduce losses</p> </td> <td width=\"62\"> <p align=\"center\"> </p> </td> <td width=\"62\"> <p align=\"center\">✓</p> </td> <td width=\"62\"> <p align=\"center\">✓</p> </td> <td width=\"62\"> <p align=\"right\">98.7</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"85\"> <p>Renewable Energy</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"179\"> <p>Install solar PV, wind power and hydro-electric power plants</p> </td> <td width=\"62\"> <p align=\"center\">✓</p> </td> <td width=\"62\"> <p align=\"center\"> </p> </td> <td width=\"62\"> <p align=\"center\"> </p> </td> <td width=\"62\"> <p align=\"right\">78.5</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"85\"> <p>Efficient Lighting</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"179\"> <p>Substitute incandescent light bulbs and raise awareness in the residential sector</p> </td> <td width=\"62\"> <p align=\"center\"> </p> </td> <td width=\"62\"> <p align=\"center\">✓</p> </td> <td width=\"62\"> <p align=\"center\">✓</p> </td> <td width=\"62\"> <p align=\"right\">42.9</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"85\"> <p>Solar Water Heating</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"179\"> <p>Install solar water heating facilities on public buildings and support them for hotels and the residential sector</p> </td> <td width=\"62\"> <p align=\"center\"> </p> </td> <td width=\"62\"> <p align=\"center\">✓</p> </td> <td width=\"62\"> <p align=\"center\">✓</p> </td> <td width=\"62\"> <p align=\"right\">19.3</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"85\"> <p>Extended Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"179\"> <p>Energy saving appliances and additional hydro-electric, solar PV and wind power capacities</p> </td> <td width=\"62\"> <p align=\"center\"> </p> </td> <td width=\"62\"> <p align=\"center\">✓</p> </td> <td width=\"62\"> <p align=\"center\">✓</p> </td> <td width=\"62\"> <p align=\"right\">121.7</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"85\"> <p>Efficient Cook-stoves</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"179\"> <p>Reduce firewood and charcoal consumption and the overuse of forest resources</p> </td> <td width=\"62\"> <p align=\"center\"> </p> </td> <td width=\"62\"> <p align=\"center\">✓</p> </td> <td width=\"62\"> <p align=\"center\">✓</p> </td> <td width=\"62\"> <p align=\"right\">287.6</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"85\"> <p>Vehicle Efficiency Standards</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"179\"> <p>Reduce fuel consumption through efficiency standards</p> </td> <td width=\"62\"> <p align=\"center\"> </p> </td> <td width=\"62\"> <p align=\"center\"> </p> </td> <td width=\"62\"> <p align=\"center\">✓</p> </td> <td width=\"62\"> <p align=\"right\">114.0</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"85\"> <p>Methane Capture and Flaring</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"179\"> <p>Remove methane emissions from landfills</p> </td> <td width=\"62\"> <p align=\"center\"> </p> </td> <td width=\"62\"> <p align=\"center\">✓</p> </td> <td width=\"62\"> <p align=\"center\">✓</p> </td> <td width=\"62\"> <p align=\"right\">237.0</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"85\"> <p>Recycling and Composting</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"179\"> <p>Reduce methane emissions from anaerobic decomposing of organic matter by composting and reduce waste generation by recycling</p> </td> <td width=\"62\"> <p align=\"center\"> </p> </td> <td width=\"62\"> <p align=\"center\">✓</p> </td> <td width=\"62\"> <p align=\"center\">✓</p> </td> <td width=\"62\"> <p align=\"right\">2.7</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan=\"6\" valign=\"top\" width=\"511\"> <p><em>*FS= financial support, TT= technology transfer</em></p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>See Gambia's full INDC submission for additional information on \"Policies, strategies, programmes and projects.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "GNQ": { | |
| "value": "See INDC for list of actions for means of achieving the target." | |
| }, | |
| "GRD": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "GTM": { | |
| "value": "See INDC for list of actions for means of achieving the target" | |
| }, | |
| "GUY": { | |
| "value": "<p><strong>Forestry </strong></p> <p>Unconditional contributions</p> <p>\"Guyana is willing to continue making the following contributions unconditionally:</p> <ul> <li>On-going work in sustainable forest management. This includes the implementation of the scope of the recently revised Forest Act as well as the National Forest Plan 2011. This legislative framework is supported by various Codes of Practice that governs forestry activities which will also be continually implemented using local resources.</li> <li>Forest monitoring and maintaining a high level of forest legality in Guyana are also areas that will continue, and which will see the GFC committing approximately 50 per cent of its total staff complement to field monitoring through its 54 forest monitoring stations countrywide. These will result in a maintained low rate of illegal logging which has been established to be less than 2 per cent of total production annually, and a maintained low rate of deforestation and forest degradation.</li> <li>Guyana is prepared to finalize and implement the Voluntary Partnership Agreement under EUFLEGT. Finalization is expected to be competed in 2016 and can provide independent accreditation of forest legality and management practices in Guyana’s forest sector.\"</li> </ul> <p>Conditional Contributions</p> <p>\"Guyana can achieve emissions reductions through an Emissions Reductions Programme (ERP). The ERP in Forestry will include:</p> <ul> <li>Expand Reduced Impact Logging (RIL). Reducing the incidental and collateral damage during tree felling by about 10% and the damage from skid trails by about 35% (avoiding mid-size trees during skidding), could reduce the annual emissions by about 13.5% each year. This translates to a reduction of about 430 thousand tCO<sub>2</sub> per year and can target more predominantly the smaller concession category.</li> </ul> <p>This will result in a reduction from the annual emissions from forestry moving from 3.5M tCO<sub>2</sub> to 2.3M tCO<sub>2</sub>, a 20% reduction from historic levels for this driver, and an 11% reduction in the overall historic level.</p> <p>In Collaboration with Mining, the ERP will include:</p> <ul> <li>Land reclamation within the extractive sectors. This will provide an effective and replicable solution for increasing forest biomass and carbon stocks, while ensuring sustainable resource consumption.</li> <li>Mineral mapping and exploration.</li> </ul> <p>These initiatives will result in a reduction from the annual emissions from mining moving from 5.5M tCO<sub>2</sub> to 3.4M tCO<sub>2</sub>, a 30% reduction from historic levels for this driver, and a 17% reduction in overall historic level.\"</p> <p><strong>FLEGT </strong></p> <p>\"With the provision of resources, Guyana is prepared to build on its FLEGT initiative by further strengthening its implementation effort, and building EU FLEGT as a multilateral cooperation undertaking that creates synergies with the UK, EU, US, and other partners, and the various programmes that these partners have in place such as Procurement Rules, Lacey Act, FCS and certification processes, etc.\"</p> <p><strong>MRVS </strong></p> <p>\"A comprehensive and robust MRV system is being developed under the GFC. Guyana is willing to complete and maintain its MRVS if adequate financial resources are provided.\"</p> <p><strong>Avoided Deforestation</strong><p> <p>\"Guyana's proposal for a Reference Level for REDD+ is based on the Combined Reference Level approach, in which a global forest carbon emissions loss of 0.44%, as concluded by Baccini et. al. 2012 is used, along with Guyana's historic emissions level for the period 2001 to 2012, as established in this Proposal.</p> <p>Using a total carbon stock of forests in aboveground and belowground biomass of 19,197,411,268 t CO2, Guyana's Proposed Reference Level for its REDD+ Programme is 48.7M t CO2. Through this approach, Guyana can continue to avoid emissions in the amount of 48.7 Mt annually if adequate incentives are provided over the long term</p> <p>In summary, the Forest sector, in collaboration with mining initiatives in the forest estate, and including avoided emissions, can contribute a total of 52Mt Co<sub>2</sub> to the global mitigation effort.\"</p> <p><strong>Energy </strong></p> <p>Unconditional Contributions</p> <p>\"Guyana will continue to examine all sources of renewable energy - fossil fuels, wind, solar, bagasse and, of course, hydropower. Guyana will seek to construct and/or promote the construction of small hydro systems at suitable locations across the country. Government also plans to construct and/or promote the construction of small hydro systems in areas such as Moco Moco, Kato and Tumatumari, and will power all of the new townships, starting with Bartica, using alternative energy sources. Independent power producers and suppliers will be encouraged to construct energy farms and sell energy to the national grid.</p> <p>Energy efficient and renewable energy cook stoves have been demonstrated to provide sustainable energy solutions where appropriate. The Agencies will work closely with small farmers to encourage the use of small bio-digesters to reduce waste and produce biogas.</p> <p>Legislation has been amended to remove import duty and tax barriers for the importation of renewable energy equipment, compact fluorescent lamps and LED lamps to incentivize and motivate energy efficient behaviour.</p> <p>Guyana will continue to conduct energy assessments/audits and replace inefficient lighting at public, school, residential and commercial buildings with the objective of reducing energy consumption and attaining higher levels of energy efficiency.</p> <p>Public education and awareness programmes will continue to play a major role in providing consumers with information and tools for energy efficiency and reducing energy consumption and expenditure for energy.</p> <p>These unconditional contributions represent about one percent of the current energy mix.\"</p> <p>Conditional Contributions</p> <p>\"Feasibility studies for a large hydropower development in the Mazaruni region will be pursued with collaboration from the Government of Brazil. A 300MW hydropower plant to cater for Guyana's current and future energy needs should therefore cost between US$315 million to US$2,295 million.</p> <p>Options for interconnecting renewable energy generators to the grid will be reviewed and explored towards the implementation of grid-tied systems and net-metering platform. Once proven beneficial to all parties, grid-tie options can be encouraged as a means of reducing investment in fossil-based generators and meeting incremental demand from renewable energy sources.</p> <p>For supplying Hinterland communities, Guyana is interested in piloting small scale fermentation and distillation techniques for the production of ethanol and bio-fuels.</p> <p>If these conditional Contributions are fully funded and implemented, they can represent approximately 20 percent of Guyana's total energy mix.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "HND": { | |
| "value": "See INDC for list of actions for means of achieving the target." | |
| }, | |
| "HTI": { | |
| "value": "See INDC for list of actions for means of achieving the target." | |
| }, | |
| "IDN": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "IND": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "IRN": { | |
| "value": "See INDC for unconditional and conditional mitigation actions for means of achieving the target" | |
| }, | |
| "IRQ": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable " | |
| }, | |
| "ISL": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "ISR": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "JAM": { | |
| "value": "<p>See below for list of actions for means of achieving the target:</p><p>Policy Actions</p> <p>\"As Jamaica develops economically, it is expected that there will be some continued growth in emissions. However, Jamaica has undertaken a programme of modernization of energy infrastructure, diversification of energy sources towards cleaner and renewable fuels, and incentivising efficiency that is expected to significantly reduce emissions growth over time.</p> <p>Jamaica will contribute to the global GHG emissions reduction by fully implementing energy policies that will ensure, <em>inter alia</em>, that:</p> <ul> <li>Jamaicans use energy wisely and aggressively pursue opportunities for conservation and efficiency</li> <li>Jamaica has a modernized and expanded energy infrastructure that enhances energy generation capacity and ensures that energy supplies are safely, reliably, and affordably transported to homes, communities and the productive sectors on a sustainable basis</li> <li>Jamaica realizes its energy resource potential through the development of renewable energy sources by increasing the share of renewable sources of energy in its primary energy mix to 20% by 2030 Jamaica’s energy supply is secure and sufficient to support long-term economic and social development and environmental sustainability</li> <li>Jamaica has a well-defined and established governance, institutional, legal and regulatory framework for the energy sector that facilitates stakeholder involvement and engagement</li> <li>Government ministries and agencies are a model/leader in energy conservation and environmental stewardship</li> <li>Jamaica’s private industry embraces efficiency and ecological stewardship to advance international competitiveness and to move towards a green economy</li> </ul> <p>These policies are expressed in the National Energy Policy 2009-2030.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "JOR": { | |
| "value": "See INDC for list of actions for means of achieving the target." | |
| }, | |
| "JPN": { | |
| "value": "See INDC for list of actions for means of achieving the target." | |
| }, | |
| "KAZ": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "KEN": { | |
| "value": "See INDC for list of adaptation actions" | |
| }, | |
| "KGZ": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "KHM": { | |
| "value": "See INDC for list of actions for means of achieving the target" | |
| }, | |
| "KIR": { | |
| "value": "See INDC for list of actions for means of achieving the target" | |
| }, | |
| "KNA": { | |
| "value": "See INDC for list of actions for means of achieving the target." | |
| }, | |
| "KOR": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "KWT": { | |
| "value": "<p>Through projects and legislation, Kuwait will continue to build its economy in the context of sustainable development. Therefore Kuwait puts great importance on diversifying its sources of energy for production.</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "LAO": { | |
| "value": "<p>Intended Mitigation Activities to be implemented by Lao PDR in 2015-2030</p> <table style=\"width: 100%; height: 554px;\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\"> <tbody> <tr> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"32\"> <p><strong>No </strong></p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"178\"> <p><strong>Name of activity </strong></p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"276\"> <p><strong>Objectives of the Activity </strong></p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"180\"> <p><strong>Estimated CO<sub>2</sub>eq reductions</strong></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"32\"> <p>1</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"178\"> <p>Implementation of “Forestry Strategy to the year 2020” of the Lao PDR</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"276\"> <p>To increase forest cover to 70% of land area (i.e. to 16.58 million hectares) by 2020. Once the target is achieved, emission reductions will carry on beyond 2020.</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"180\"> <p>60,000 to 69,000 ktCO<sub>2</sub>e (once the target has been met, by 2020 onwards)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"32\"> <p>2</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"178\"> <p>Implementation of Renewable Energy Development Strategy</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"276\"> <p>To increase the share of renewable energy to 30% of energy consumption by 2025. (Note that large scale technologies with installed capacity equal to or greater than 15MW are not included in this policy’s target.) For transport fuels the objective is to increase the share of biofuels to meet 10% of the demand for transport fuels by 2025.</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"180\"> <p>1,468,000 ktCO<sub>2</sub>e (by 2025).</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"32\"> <p>3</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"178\"> <p>Implementation of Rural Electrification Programme</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"276\"> <p>To make electricity available to 90% of households in rural area by the year 2020. This will offset the combustion of fossil fuels to produce power where there is no access to the electricity grid.</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"180\"> <p>63 ktCO<sub>2</sub> /pa (once the target has been met in 2020)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"32\"> <p>4</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"178\"> <p>Implementation of transport focused NAMAs</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"276\"> <p>In one NAMA feasibility study, road network development is identified as a first objective which will reduce the number of kilometres travelled by all vehicles. The second objective is to increase the use of public transport compared to the business as usual (BAU).</p> <p>In addition to a reduction in GHG emissions the activity will lead to a reduction in NOX and SOx emissions which will have significant co-benefits such as improvement in air quality which in turn will have positive impacts on human health.</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"180\"> <p>Road network development is 33 ktCO<sub>2</sub>/pa, and 158 ktCO<sub>2</sub>/pa for public transport development</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"32\"> <p>5</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"178\"> <p>Expansion of the use of large scale hydroelectricity</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"276\"> <p>The objective of this activity is to build largescale (>15 MW) hydropower plants to provide clean electricity to neighbouring countries. Approximately total installed capacity of the hydropower plants will be 5,500 MW by 2020. In addition, 20,000 MW of additional hydroelectric capacity is planned for construction after 2020.</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"180\"> <p>16,284 ktCO<sub>2</sub> per annum (2020-30)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"32\"> <p>6</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"178\"> <p>Implementation of climate change action plans</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"276\"> <p>To build capacity to monitor and evaluate policy implementation success, with a view to producing new policy, guidance and data. The objective is to develop and implement effective, efficient and economically viable climate change mitigation and adaptation measures.</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"180\"> <p>To be estimated as part of the implementation plan</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>See INDC for further details on each action.</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "LBN": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "LBR": { | |
| "value": "See INDC for list of actions for means of achieving the target" | |
| }, | |
| "LCA": { | |
| "value": "<p>See below for proposed interventions for means of achieving the target</p> <p>Energy:</p> <ul> <li>Energy Efficient Buildings</li> <li>Energy Efficient Appliances</li> <li>Water Distribution and Network Efficiency</li> </ul> <p>Electricity Generation:</p> <ul> <li>35% Renewable Energy Target by 2025 and 50% by 2030 based on a mix of geothermal, wind and solar energy sources.</li> <li>Improvements to Grid Distribution and Transmission Efficiency</li> </ul> <p>Transport:</p> <ul> <li>Efficient Vehicles</li> <li>Improved and Expanded Public Transit</li> </ul>" | |
| }, | |
| "LKA": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "LSO": { | |
| "value": "<p>See INDC for list of actions for means of achieving the target</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "MAR": { | |
| "value": "See INDC for list of actions for means of achieving the target." | |
| }, | |
| "MCO": { | |
| "value": "See INDC for list of actions for means of achieving the target." | |
| }, | |
| "MDA": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "MDG": { | |
| "value": "See INDC for list of actions for means of achieving the target." | |
| }, | |
| "MDV": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "MEX": { | |
| "value": "See INDC for list of actions for means of achieving the target." | |
| }, | |
| "MHL": { | |
| "value": "See INDC for list of actions for means of achieving the target." | |
| }, | |
| "MKD": { | |
| "value": "See INDC for list of actions for means of achieving the target" | |
| }, | |
| "MLI": { | |
| "value": "See INDC for list of actions for means of achieving the target." | |
| }, | |
| "MMR": { | |
| "value": "<p><strong>Mitigation Actions</strong></p> <table border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\"> <tbody> <tr> <td valign=\"top\"> <p>Action</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p>Objective</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p>Intended Implementation Plan</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign=\"top\"> <p>Forestry Sector</p> <p>National Permanent Forest Estate Target</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p>By 2030, Myanmar’s permanent forest estate (PFE) target is to increase national land area as forest land with the following percent of total land area):</p> <p>• Reserved Forest (RF) and Protected Public Forest (PPF) = 30% of total national land area</p> <p>• Protected Area Systems (PAS) = 10% of total national land area</p> <p> </p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p>The Government of Myanmar is following the implementation plan as set out in the 30-Year National Forestry Master Plan (2001-30). To develop its capacity to meet such ambitious targets, Myanmar has set about a number of activities under the plan at the national and regional level:</p> <p>• In 2011, Myanmar joined the UN-REDD Programme (United Nations collaborative initiative on Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation in developing countries). The REDD+ Core Unit was established in the Ministry of Environmental Conservation and Forestry (MOECAF), and has the task of coordinating and guiding REDD+ related actions at national level. Myanmar developed its REDD+ Readiness Roadmap in 2013 and prioritised the activities for the implementation. In 2015 a new proposal was submitted for UN-REDD Support for the Implementation of the Myanmar REDD+ Readiness Roadmap.</p> <p>• In 2014, Myanmar joined the European Union’s Forest Law Enforcement Governance Trade (FLEGT) programme which provides capacity building on legal aspects related to forestry.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign=\"top\"> <p>Energy Sector</p> </td> <td colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"> <p>Actions described here are taken on both the supply and demand side of energy. Please see below for identified actions in different sub-sectors of the energy sector. The development of hydropower, depending on the case and scale, will require rigorous Environmental Impact Assessments and Social Safeguarding, to ensure sustainability. MOECAF is in the process of finalizing such instruments.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign=\"top\"> <p>(1) Renewable energy - Hydroelectric power</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p>Increase the share of hydroelectric generation within limits of technical Hydroelectric potential. Indicative goal - 9.4 GW by 2030</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p>The Government of Myanmar is currently developing policies in this area, for example:</p> <p>• The Long Term Energy Master Plan (draft) which estimates that by 2030 total installed hydropower capacity could reach approximately 9.4 GWe.</p> <p>• The National Electrification Master Plan (draft) is being developed alongside the Energy Master Plan. The Electrification Master Plan forecasts, 38% of the primary electricity generation capacity will be hydropower resource in 2030. The specific installed capacities will be confirmed once the draft policies and plans described in section 2.2 are finalised and harmonised.</p> <p>Environmental Impact Assessment and all related tools, including social safeguards, and measurable monitoring framework.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign=\"top\"> <p>(2) Renewable energy – Rural electrification</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p>To increase access to clean sources of electricity amongst communities and households currently without access to an electric power grid system.</p> <p>Indicative goal: Rural electrification through the use of at least 30% renewable sources as to generate electricity supplies.</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p>The Ministry of Livestock, Fisheries and Rural Development has received co-funding from a number of international development partners to develop mitigation actions in this sub-sector (such as the drafting of the Comprehensive Village Development Plan). As a final result of the overall action, 6 million people in rural areas will have access to electricity generated by a variety of sources, at least 30 % of which will be sourced from renewables such as of mini-hydro, biomass, solar, wind and solar mini-grid technologies.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign=\"top\"> <p>(3) Energy efficiency – industrial processes</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p>To mitigate GHG emissions in the rapidly developing industrial production sector by:</p> <p>(a) Improving energy efficiency within the Myanmar industry</p> <p>(b) Focusing on the implementation of energy management systems compatible with the international standard ISO50001</p> <p>(c) Energy system optimisation</p> <p>Indicative goal: To realise a 20% electricity saving potential by 2030 of the total forecast electricity consumption.</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p>The project “Improvement of Industrial Energy Efficiency” (Global Environment Facility (GEF) project #5321) is being carried out by the Government of Myanmar in partnership with UNIDO. The Government of Myanmar and the industrial private sector in Myanmar are providing USD13.8m towards the project which is also being supported a grant from the GEF Trust Fund (the total project cost is USD16.5m).</p> <p>The objective is to promote sustained GHGs reduction in the Myanmar Industry by improving policy and regulatory framework, institutional capacity building for industry energy efficiency; implementation of energy management system based on ISO 50001; and optimization of energy system in industry.</p> <p>This is an example of a project which will be carried in accordance with the National Energy Efficiency and Conservation Policy, Strategy and Roadmap for Myanmar which is currently being drafted (please see section 2.2 [table below] for further details)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign=\"top\"> <p>(4) Energy efficiency - Cook-stoves</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p>To increase the number of energy efficient cook-stoves disseminated in order to reduce the amount of fuel wood used for cooking. Indicative goal: To distribute approximately 260,000 cookstoves between 2016 and 2031.</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p>MOECAF, as part of the Comprehensive Plan for Dry Zone Greening (2001-31), has distributed approximately 286,000 cook-stoves during 2001-15, and plans to distribute an additional 260,000 cookstoves between 2016 and 2031.</p> <p>The project falls under the National Forestry Master Plan and National Energy Policy, in order to reduce the use of wood from natural forests for cooking by 2030 (please see section 2.2 [table below] for further details).</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p> </p> <p><strong>Institutional Arrangements and Planning for Implementation</strong></p> <p>In addition to the actions described in Section 2.1 [table above], Myanmar has and will implement a number of climate change mitigation policies and strategies, which will not only make the mitigation contributions identified above feasible, but also help to identify other mitigation actions for future implementation.</p> <table border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\"> <tbody> <tr> <td valign=\"top\"> <p>Policy Area</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p>Objective</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p>Specific elements</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign=\"top\"> <p>Climate Change & Environment</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p>• To achieve climate resilient, low-carbon, resource efficient and inclusive development as a contribution to the overall policy for sustainable development.</p> <p>• To mainstream environment and climate change into the national policy development and reform agenda.</p> <p>• To strengthen the climate change related institutional and policy environment through sharing of technical knowledge and best practice, training and institutional support.</p> <p>• To promote evidence-based planning and policy making through the integration of climate change mitigation experience into sub-national, state and regional development planning initiatives.</p> <p>• To increase awareness of climate change at national, state and region and local level.</p> <p>• To promote an economy based on green growth.</p> <p>• To consistently monitor and take stock of the status of national environmental quality (i.e. through the use of standardised indicators).</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p>• The National Climate Change Strategy and Action Plans are under development and will be adopted in 2016. The strategy will devise the means to achieve the overall vision, and will set out a detailed implementation framework to address climate change in each sector.</p> <p>• A National Climate Change Policy will be developed in 2016.</p> <p>• The National Climate Change Policy, Strategy and Action Plan are being developed by the MCCA programme and MOECAF. The programme is funded by the European Union’s Global Climate Change Alliance Programme (approximately USD5m), and implemented by UN-Habitat and UNEP. The programme, which runs from 2013-17 is designed to increase awareness of climate change in Myanmar, to strengthen institutional capacity to develop policies address it, and to develop eco-system based adaptation practices. The programme is supported by a Technical Working Group, with representatives from all relevant ministries, cities, academia, Civil Society Organisations (CSOs) and technical partners. A Climate Change Unit within MOECAF has been established to provide technical support with respect to climate change mitigation and adaptation.</p> <p>• A MCCA has been established by the Union Government’s cabinet, which is chaired at Ministerial level.</p> <p>• The Green Economy Strategic Framework is under development and will be ready in 2016. The framework’s development is supported by the WWF. The National Environmental Policy, Framework and Master Plan (2030) is also currently being developed with UNDP support and will update the National Environmental Policy (1994).</p> <p>• The Environmental Conservation Law (2012) is being implemented, and includes provisions to address climate change, as well as make provisions for Environmental Impact Assessments for development projects.</p> <p>• The State of Environment Report 2015 is being finalised for publication</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign=\"top\"> <p>Forest Management</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p>• To decrease the rate of deforestation so that a significant mitigation contribution from the sector can continue to be realised.</p> <p>• To preserve natural forest cover to maintain biodiversity and ecosystems in Myanmar</p> <p>• To realize the co-benefits of the policy such as reducing soil erosion, thereby decreasing the risk of floods and landslides that may occur near rivers</p> <p>• To increase the resilience of mangroves and coastal communities which are at risk of flooding.</p> <p>• To increase capacity Sustainable Forest Management.</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p>• The National Forestry Master Plan was implemented in 2001 and will expire in 2030, upon which the next strategy will be designed and implemented. As part of implementing the Master Plan, each district in Myanmar produces a 10 year management plan so that overall goals can be met by 2030.</p> <p>• In 2011, the National Biodiversity Strategy and Action-Plan was published as a complementary strategy to the Master Plan, and it was here that the level of ambition of increasing Protected Area Systems to 10% of national land cover was made.</p> <p>• In the catchment areas of rivers, streams, lakes and dams, forest plantations, agroforestry practice, community forestry have been done and also to reduce soil erosion, contour bunds, sediment trapping dams, conserving natural springs and bioengineering measures are being done.</p> <p>• Developing a coastal zone management plan to effectively conserve terrestrial and under water resources including mangrove forests. Also cooperating with international organizations providing technology and funding to reduce the risk of climate related disaster risk for local communities. The National Strategy Action plan (NSAP, 2015) has been published as well.</p> <p>• Myanmar joined the UN-REDD Programme in November 2011, submitted its REDD+ Readiness Roadmap document in 2013, and developing country programme and taking actions in line with the REDD+ roadmap.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign=\"top\"> <p>Energy</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p>• To achieve the optimal level of renewable sources in the primary energy fuel supply mix.</p> <p>• To increase the understanding of the potential of renewable power in Myanmar’s future growth plans of the National Energy Management Committee, to support the preparation of sustainable policies and strategies in the energy sector and assist in the formulation of a long-term Energy Master Plan.</p> <p>• To realise a 20% electricity saving potential by 2030 of the total forecast electricity consumption.</p> <p>• Rural electrification through the use of at least 30% renewable sources as to generate electricity supplies.</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p>• The National Energy Policy (2014) is the overarching national policy which provides the framework for energy development and planning in Myanmar.</p> <p>• The Long Term Energy Master Plan is in the final stage of drafting and is expected to be approved by the end of 2016.</p> <p>• The National Energy Efficiency and Conservation Policy, Strategy and Roadmap for Myanmar draft is finalised and is expected to be approved in 2015.</p> <p>• The National Electricity Master Plan, draft is finalised.It aims to harmonise the medium and long term decisions on primary energy source selection and transmission system plannings.</p> <p>• The Myanmar National Rural Development and Poverty Alleviation Programme includes a Rural Electrification Plan which is currently being drafted and expected to be finalised in 2017.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign=\"top\"> <p>Other key sectors</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p>• To reduce the increasing rate of GHG emissions and air pollution caused by the transport sector, especially from road transport.</p> <p>• To ensure that increasing urbanisation takes place in a sustainable manner.</p> <p>• To mitigate emissions, generate power and reduce pollution from non-recyclable waste.</p> <p>• To mitigate GHG emissions from the agriculture sector from combustion of agricultural residues and growing rice in paddy fields.</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p>• Policies such as the National Transport Master Plan and National Implementation Plan on Environmental Improvement in the Transport Sector are being developed. Cities, like Yangon, are studying options for sustainable transport development for example, and CSOs are engaged in proposing solutions to challenges for implementation</p> <p>• To promote sustainable urbanisation, the Government of Myanmar is drafting a National Urban and Regional Development Planning Law, a National Housing Policy, National Urban Policy, and is expanding its urban planning capacity. Approximately 75 township-level planners are being to achieve policy goals, they are the first in Myanmar to receive such training.</p> <p>• The National Waste Management Strategy and Action Plans are currently being developed and are expected to be completed in 2017.</p> <p>• The Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation is researching alternative wet and dry paddy production techniques. This is an example of how Myanmar is resolving the need to mitigate climate change whilst also adapting to it. To reduce GHG emissions from the burning of crop residues in fields, the Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation is implementing effective mitigation actions such as energy from crop residues, promoting the use of organic fertilisers, and methods to shorten the time of composting agricultural byproducts. The bio-char program is also being planned and will reduce GHG emissions to atmosphere as a result of less anaerobic decomposition in the production process. At the same time, this will increase crop production.</p> <p>• Research and development is vital to find the means and methods of reducing GHG emissions from agriculture sector. To perform the systematic research necessary Myanmar requires the support of technical experts, access to tools and relevant apparatus. Technology transfer and assistance from experienced countries will therefore be required. The major requirement for research works related to GHG emission reductions will be considered and prioritised in Myanmar’s national comprehensive development strategy.</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table>" | |
| }, | |
| "MNE": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "MNG": { | |
| "value": "<p>“By 2030, Mongolia intends to contribute to global efforts to mitigate GHG emissions by implementing the policies and measures listed in Table 1, contingent upon the continuation of international support to complement domestic efforts.”</p> <p><em>Table 1. Policies and measures for implementation up to 2030 </em></p> <table style=\"width: 100%;\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\"> <tbody> <tr> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"20%\"> <p>Sector</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"50%\"> <p>Measure</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"30%\"> <p>Policy/strategy document</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan=\"5\" valign=\"top\" width=\"20%\"> <p>Energy (power and heat)</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"50%\"> <p>Increase renewable electricity capacity from 7.62% in 2014 to 20% by 2020 and to 30% by 2030 as a share of total electricity generation capacity.</p> </td> <td rowspan=\"5\" valign=\"top\" width=\"30%\"> <p>State policy on energy (Parliament resolution No. 63, 2015), Green development policy, 2014</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"50%\"> <p>Reduce electricity transmission losses from 13.7% in 2014 to 10.8% by 2020 and to 7.8% by 2030.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"50%\"> <p>Reduce building heat loss by 20% by 2020 and by 40% by 2030, compared to 2014 levels.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"50%\"> <p>Reduce internal energy use of Combined Heat and Power plants (improved plant efficiency) from 14.4% in 2014 to 11.2% by 2020 and 9.14% by 2030.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"50%\"> <p>Implement advanced technology in energy production such as super critical pressure coal combustion technology by 2030.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan=\"5\" valign=\"top\" width=\"20%\"> <p>Energy (Transport)</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"50%\"> <p>Improve national paved road network. Upgrading/Paving 8000 km by 2016, 11000 km by 2021.</p> </td> <td rowspan=\"5\" valign=\"top\" width=\"30%\"> <p>National Action Programme on Climate Change (NAPCC), 2011; Urban public transport investment programme, 2015; Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs), 2010; Midterm new development programme, 2010</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"50%\"> <p>Improve Ulaanbaatar city road network to decrease all traffic by 30-40% by 2023.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"50%\"> <p>Increase the share of private hybrid road vehicles from approximately 6.5% in 2014 to approximately 13% by 2030.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"50%\"> <p>Shift from liquid fuel to LPG for vehicles in Ulaanbaatar and aimag (province) centres by improving taxation and environmental fee system.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"50%\"> <p>Improve enforcement mechanism of standards for road vehicles and non-road based transport.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"20%\"> <p>Industrial sector</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"50%\"> <p>Reduce emissions in the cement industry through upgrading the processing technology from wet- to dry- processing and through the construction of a new cement plant with dry processing up to 2030.</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"30%\"> <p>NAMAs, 2010; NAPCC, 2011; Government resolution No. 171, 2012: Building materials programme</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"20%\"> <p>Agriculture</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"50%\"> <p>Maintain livestock population at appropriate levels according to the pasture carrying capacity.</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"30%\"> <p>Mongolian national livestock programme, 2010</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table><p>\"Mongolia is also interested to pursue some additional mitigation actions:</p> <ul> <li>Reduce fuel use in individual households through improving stove efficiency (with co-benefit of air pollution reduction),</li> <li>Transport (development of a Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) system and improvement of the public transport system in Ulaanbaatar),</li> <li>Agriculture (development of a comprehensive plan for emission reductions in the livestock sub-sector for implementation between 2020 and 2030),</li> <li>Waste sector (development of a waste management plan, including recycling, waste-to-energy, and best management practices),</li> <li>Industry (motor-efficiency and housekeeping improvements).</li> </ul> <p>Furthermore, in the forestry sector, a programme is underway to develop a detailed inventory along with the identification of mitigation options. In future communications, Mongolia intends to include actions for mitigation in the forestry sector to reduce GHG emissions from deforestation and forest degradation by 2% by 2020 and 5% by 2030 (according to State policy on forest, 2015).\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "MOZ": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Implementation of Policies’ and Programmes’ actions:</p> <ol> <li>NCCAMS (2013 to 2030);</li> <li>Energy Strategy (being updated and to be approved by 2016);</li> <li>Biofuel Policy and Strategy;</li> <li>New and Renewable Energy Development Strategy (2011 to 2025);</li> <li>Conservation and Sustainable Use of the Energy from Biomass Energy Strategy (2014 to 2025);</li> <li>Master Plan for Natural Gas (2014 to 2030);</li> <li>Renewable Energy Feed-in Tariff Regulation (REFIT);</li> <li>Mozambique’s Integrated Urban Solid Waste Management Strategy (2013 – 2025);</li> <li>National REDD+ Strategy (in preparation and to be approved in 2016);</li> <li>Renewable Energy Atlas for Mozambique;</li> <li>Project to build and manage two solid waste landfills with the recovery of methane; and</li> <li>Project of Urban Mobility in the Municipality of Maputo.\"</li> </ol>" | |
| }, | |
| "MRT": { | |
| "value": "See INDC for list of actions for means of achieving the target." | |
| }, | |
| "MUS": { | |
| "value": "<p>See INDC for list of actions for means of achieving the target.</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "MWI": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Table 1 shows the detailed mitigation policy actions for the following sectors: energy; industrial processes and product unit (IPPU); agriculture forest and other land use (AFOLU); and waste.\"</p><p>Table 1: Malawi's policy-based mitigation actions.</p> <p class=\"Default\"><strong><em>Key: </em></strong><strong><em> </em></strong><strong><em>Unconditional (UC) Capacity requirements (CR), technology requirements (TR) and finance requirements (FR) </em></strong></p> <table border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\"> <tbody> <tr> <td rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" nowrap=\"nowrap\"> <p><strong>Sectors</strong></p> <p><strong> </strong></p> </td> <td valign=\"bottom\" nowrap=\"nowrap\"> <p align=\"center\"><strong>Intended policy based action</strong></p> </td> <td colspan=\"4\" valign=\"bottom\" nowrap=\"nowrap\"> <p align=\"center\"><strong>Provision of implementation means</strong></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign=\"bottom\" nowrap=\"nowrap\"> <p align=\"center\"><strong> </strong></p> </td> <td valign=\"bottom\" nowrap=\"nowrap\"> <p><strong>UC</strong></p> </td> <td valign=\"bottom\" nowrap=\"nowrap\"> <p><strong>CR</strong></p> </td> <td valign=\"bottom\" nowrap=\"nowrap\"> <p><strong>TR</strong></p> </td> <td valign=\"bottom\" nowrap=\"nowrap\"> <p><strong>FR</strong></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign=\"bottom\" nowrap=\"nowrap\"> <p><strong>Energy Supply</strong></p> </td> <td valign=\"bottom\"> <p>Produce 2000 solar water heaters (SWH)</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p align=\"center\">√</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p align=\"center\"> </p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p align=\"center\"> </p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p align=\"center\"> </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign=\"bottom\" nowrap=\"nowrap\"> <p> </p> </td> <td valign=\"bottom\"> <p>Increase SWH from 2,000 to 20,000 by 2030</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p> </p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p align=\"center\">√</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p align=\"center\">√</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p align=\"center\">√</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign=\"bottom\" nowrap=\"nowrap\"> <p> </p> </td> <td valign=\"bottom\"> <p>Install 20,000 solar PV systems</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p align=\"center\">√</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p align=\"center\"> </p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p align=\"center\"> </p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p align=\"center\"> </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign=\"bottom\" nowrap=\"nowrap\"> <p> </p> </td> <td valign=\"bottom\"> <p>Increase Solar PV from 20,000 to 50,000 by 2030</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p> </p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p align=\"center\">√</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p align=\"center\">√</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p align=\"center\">√</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign=\"bottom\" nowrap=\"nowrap\"> <p> </p> </td> <td valign=\"bottom\" nowrap=\"nowrap\"> <p>Produce 2 million litres of bio-diesel/year</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p align=\"center\">√</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p align=\"center\"> </p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p align=\"center\"> </p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p align=\"center\"> </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign=\"bottom\" nowrap=\"nowrap\"> <p> </p> </td> <td valign=\"bottom\" nowrap=\"nowrap\"> <p>Increase biodiesel from 2 to 20 million/ year</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p> </p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p align=\"center\">√</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p align=\"center\">√</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p align=\"center\">√</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign=\"bottom\" nowrap=\"nowrap\"> <p> </p> </td> <td valign=\"bottom\" nowrap=\"nowrap\"> <p>Produce 18 million litres of ethanol/ year</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p align=\"center\">√</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p align=\"center\"> </p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p align=\"center\"> </p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p align=\"center\"> </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign=\"bottom\" nowrap=\"nowrap\"> <p> </p> </td> <td valign=\"bottom\"> <p>Increase ethanol production from 18 to 40 million litres per year</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p> </p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p align=\"center\">√</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p align=\"center\">√</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p align=\"center\">√</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign=\"bottom\" nowrap=\"nowrap\"> <p> </p> </td> <td valign=\"bottom\"> <p>Increase number of passengers using mass transport by 1%</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p align=\"center\">√</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p align=\"center\"> </p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p align=\"center\"> </p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p align=\"center\"> </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign=\"bottom\" nowrap=\"nowrap\"> <p> </p> </td> <td valign=\"bottom\"> <p>Increase number of passengers using mass transport by 30%</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p> </p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p align=\"center\">√</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p align=\"center\">√</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p align=\"center\">√</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign=\"bottom\" nowrap=\"nowrap\"> <p> </p> </td> <td valign=\"bottom\" nowrap=\"nowrap\"> <p>Producing 351 MW of hydro electricity</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p align=\"center\">√</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p align=\"center\"> </p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p align=\"center\"> </p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p align=\"center\"> </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign=\"bottom\" nowrap=\"nowrap\"> <p> </p> </td> <td valign=\"bottom\" nowrap=\"nowrap\"> <p>Increase generation of HEP by 800MW by 2025</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p> </p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p align=\"center\">√</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p align=\"center\">√</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p align=\"center\">√</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign=\"bottom\" nowrap=\"nowrap\"> <p><strong>Energy utilization</strong></p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p>Distribute energy saving cook stoves to 400 000 households</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p align=\"center\">√</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p align=\"center\"> </p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p align=\"center\"> </p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p align=\"center\"> </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign=\"bottom\" nowrap=\"nowrap\"> <p> </p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p>Increase the number of households adopting energy saving stoves to 2,000,000 by 2030</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p> </p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p align=\"center\">√</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p align=\"center\">√</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p align=\"center\">√</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign=\"bottom\" nowrap=\"nowrap\"> <p><strong>Industrial Processes</strong></p> </td> <td valign=\"bottom\"> <p>Increase use of soil-cement stabilized block and rice husk ash blended cement to around 10% of current cement production</p> </td> <td valign=\"bottom\" nowrap=\"nowrap\"> <p> </p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p align=\"center\">√</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p align=\"center\">√</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p align=\"center\">√</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign=\"bottom\"> <p> </p> </td> <td valign=\"bottom\" nowrap=\"nowrap\"> <p>Support research and use of alternative cement materials</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p align=\"center\">√</p> </td> <td valign=\"bottom\" nowrap=\"nowrap\"> <p> </p> </td> <td valign=\"bottom\" nowrap=\"nowrap\"> <p> </p> </td> <td valign=\"bottom\" nowrap=\"nowrap\"> <p> </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign=\"bottom\" nowrap=\"nowrap\"> <p> </p> </td> <td valign=\"bottom\"> <p>Develop national standards for alternative building materials and technologies</p> </td> <td valign=\"bottom\" nowrap=\"nowrap\"> <p> </p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p align=\"center\">√</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p align=\"center\">√</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p align=\"center\">√</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign=\"bottom\" nowrap=\"nowrap\"> <p> </p> </td> <td valign=\"bottom\" nowrap=\"nowrap\"> <p>Support industries engaged in carbon capture and storage</p> </td> <td valign=\"bottom\" nowrap=\"nowrap\"> <p> </p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p align=\"center\">√</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p align=\"center\">√</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p align=\"center\">√</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign=\"bottom\" nowrap=\"nowrap\"> <p><strong>Agriculture</strong></p> </td> <td valign=\"bottom\"> <p>Support development of market based policies and legal instruments to shift decisions from financial to environmental decisions</p> </td> <td valign=\"bottom\" nowrap=\"nowrap\"> <p> </p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p align=\"center\">√</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p align=\"center\">√</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p align=\"center\">√</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign=\"bottom\" nowrap=\"nowrap\"> <p> </p> </td> <td valign=\"bottom\"> <p>Develop appropriate extension and training materials for climate resilient agronomic practices</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p align=\"center\">√</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p align=\"center\"> </p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p align=\"center\"> </p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p align=\"center\"> </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign=\"bottom\" nowrap=\"nowrap\"> <p> </p> </td> <td valign=\"bottom\"> <p>Upscale the dissemination of climate resilient agronomic practices to above 10% of current cropland</p> </td> <td valign=\"bottom\" nowrap=\"nowrap\"> <p> </p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p align=\"center\">√</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p align=\"center\">√</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p align=\"center\">√</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign=\"bottom\" nowrap=\"nowrap\"> <p> </p> </td> <td valign=\"bottom\" nowrap=\"nowrap\"> <p>Build capacity to implement and monitor the agriculture NAMA</p> </td> <td valign=\"bottom\" nowrap=\"nowrap\"> <p> </p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p align=\"center\">√</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p align=\"center\">√</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p align=\"center\">√</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign=\"bottom\" nowrap=\"nowrap\"> <p><strong>Forestry and land-use</strong></p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p>Afforestation, reforestation and forest conservation and protection of catchments</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p align=\"center\">√</p> </td> <td valign=\"bottom\" nowrap=\"nowrap\"> <p> </p> </td> <td valign=\"bottom\" nowrap=\"nowrap\"> <p> </p> </td> <td valign=\"bottom\" nowrap=\"nowrap\"> <p> </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign=\"bottom\" nowrap=\"nowrap\"> <p><strong> </strong></p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p>Upscale afforestation, reforestation and forest conservation and protection of catchments</p> </td> <td valign=\"bottom\" nowrap=\"nowrap\"> <p> </p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p align=\"center\">√</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p align=\"center\">√</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p align=\"center\">√</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign=\"bottom\" nowrap=\"nowrap\"> <p><strong> </strong></p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p>Implementation of payment for ecosystem service for hydroelectric dams</p> </td> <td valign=\"bottom\" nowrap=\"nowrap\"> <p> </p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p align=\"center\">√</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p align=\"center\">√</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p align=\"center\">√</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign=\"bottom\" nowrap=\"nowrap\"> <p><strong> </strong></p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p>Promotion of non-extractive livelihoods from forest</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p align=\"center\">√</p> </td> <td valign=\"bottom\" nowrap=\"nowrap\"> <p> </p> </td> <td valign=\"bottom\" nowrap=\"nowrap\"> <p> </p> </td> <td valign=\"bottom\" nowrap=\"nowrap\"> <p> </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign=\"bottom\" nowrap=\"nowrap\"> <p><strong> </strong></p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p>Upscale the non-extractive livelihoods from forest</p> </td> <td valign=\"bottom\" nowrap=\"nowrap\"> <p> </p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p align=\"center\">√</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p align=\"center\">√</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p align=\"center\">√</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign=\"bottom\" nowrap=\"nowrap\"> <p><strong> </strong></p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p>Promote sustainable production of fuel wood by establishing woodlots plantations and forest management</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p align=\"center\">√</p> </td> <td valign=\"bottom\" nowrap=\"nowrap\"> <p> </p> </td> <td valign=\"bottom\" nowrap=\"nowrap\"> <p> </p> </td> <td valign=\"bottom\" nowrap=\"nowrap\"> <p> </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign=\"bottom\" nowrap=\"nowrap\"> <p><strong> </strong></p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p>Upscale sustainable production of fuel wood by establishing woodlots plantations and forest management</p> </td> <td valign=\"bottom\" nowrap=\"nowrap\"> <p> </p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p align=\"center\">√</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p align=\"center\">√</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p align=\"center\">√</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign=\"bottom\" nowrap=\"nowrap\"> <p><strong>Wastes</strong></p> </td> <td valign=\"bottom\"> <p>Construct controlled landfill for biogas recovery to generate up to 240 GWh of primary energy (95 GWh of electricity) per year</p> </td> <td valign=\"bottom\" nowrap=\"nowrap\"> <p> </p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p align=\"center\">√</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p align=\"center\">√</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p align=\"center\">√</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign=\"bottom\" nowrap=\"nowrap\"> <p><strong> </strong></p> </td> <td valign=\"bottom\"> <p>Promote solid and water waste reduction practices at household, institutional and industry level to reduce waste generation</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p align=\"center\">√</p> </td> <td valign=\"bottom\" nowrap=\"nowrap\"> <p> </p> </td> <td valign=\"bottom\" nowrap=\"nowrap\"> <p> </p> </td> <td valign=\"bottom\" nowrap=\"nowrap\"> <p> </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign=\"bottom\" nowrap=\"nowrap\"> <p><strong> </strong></p> </td> <td valign=\"bottom\" nowrap=\"nowrap\"> <p>Process municipal solid wastes into fertilisers</p> </td> <td valign=\"bottom\" nowrap=\"nowrap\"> <p> </p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p align=\"center\">√</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p align=\"center\">√</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p align=\"center\">√</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign=\"bottom\" nowrap=\"nowrap\"> <p><strong> </strong></p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p>Install waste to energy incinerators to generate up to 250 GWh of electricity per year</p> </td> <td valign=\"bottom\" nowrap=\"nowrap\"> <p> </p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p align=\"center\">√</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p align=\"center\">√</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p align=\"center\">√</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table>" | |
| }, | |
| "MYS": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "NAM": { | |
| "value": "See INDC for list of actions for means of achieving the target." | |
| }, | |
| "NER": { | |
| "value": "See INDC for list of actions for means of achieving the target." | |
| }, | |
| "NGA": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "NIU": { | |
| "value": "See INDC for list of actions for means of achieving the target including section\"Section 4: Sector Policies and Plans\" and \"Annex 1: Specific strategies, policies, plans and actions, including timing and support needs\" outlining \"specific actions to deliver the above contributions.\"" | |
| }, | |
| "NOR": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "NPL": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Nepal has initiated several activities to reduce climate hazards and build resilience, help climate vulnerable communities cope with climate change impacts, and reduce impacts of climate change on its people, property and natural resources.\"</p> <p>See Nepal's full INDC submission for additional information on \"Nepal's enhanced actions to address climate change\" including institutions, policies, strategies and frameworks.</p> <p>See INDC for list of actions for means of achieving the target.</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "NRU": { | |
| "value": "<p>Conditional Reduction based on identified mitigation actions</p> <p>\"To replace a substantial part of electricity generation with the existing diesel operated plants with a large scale grid connected solar photovoltaic (PV) system with an estimated cost of 42 million US$ which would assist in reducing the emissions from fossil fuels.</p> <p>Concurrent to the above there needs to be put in place extensive demand side energy management improvements with an estimated cost of 8 million US$ which will complement the PV installation. The demand management improvements are expected to reduce emissions by bringing down diesel consumption further.</p> <p>The conditional mitigation contribution discussed above would require a total investment estimated at 50 million US$ including substantial technical, capacity building and logistical assistance due to the limited capacity on the island.\"</p> <p>Unconditional Reduction</p> <p>\"The unconditional contribution includes a secured funding of US$5 million for implementation of a 0.6 MW solar PV system which is expected to assist in unconditional reduction of CO<sub>2</sub> emissions marginally. This initiative will be used as a model project for the larger Solar PV plant and in addition assist in terms of technology transfer and institutional learning.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "NZL": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "OMN": { | |
| "value": "See INDC for list of actions for means of achieving the target" | |
| }, | |
| "PAK": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "PAN": { | |
| "value": "Analysis in progress" | |
| }, | |
| "PER": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "PHL": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable " | |
| }, | |
| "PLW": { | |
| "value": "<p>See Palau's full INDC submission for \"current and future policies and measures to achieve INDC targets.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "PNG": { | |
| "value": "<p>Papua New Guinea communicates mitigation actions in sectors of electricity supply, energy efficiency, transport and forestry. See the full INDC for more information.</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "PRK": { | |
| "value": "Analysis in progress" | |
| }, | |
| "PRY": { | |
| "value": "See INDC for list of actions for means of achieving the target." | |
| }, | |
| "QAT": { | |
| "value": "<p>Economic Diversification with Mitigation Co-benefits</p> <p>\"Economic diversification is crucial to Qatar in order to maintain a steady and robust economy. Qatar seeks to enhance the diversification of its economy away from hydrocarbon in consistent with decision 24/CP.18. Qatar has been contributing indirectly to the global efforts to mitigate climate change by exporting Liquefied Natural Gas as a clean energy.</p> <p>1. Energy Efficiency</p> <p>According to Qatar National Vision 2030, the energy industry is taking into consideration the impacts of its development and growth on the environment. Many programs and projects in the country are pursuing energy efficiency and process optimization. Although the existing capacity and technology is not enough to support improvement and upgrade, Qatar is in process of employing available resources to achieve energy efficiency.</p> <p>2. Clean Energy and Renewables</p> <p>Despite the abundance of gas which is clean energy, Qatar is heavily investing in other natural resources. Attempts have been made to utilize clean energy and renewable sources such as solar and wind power. Efforts have been made into solar energy generation with a view to becoming a regional supplier of solar-generated electricity. However, based on the harsh environment and weather conditions, utilizing such renewables as reliable power sources is very challenging due to the lack of access to high technology, which is necessary for using these sources effectively and efficiently. Yet, some national entities started considering solar and wind sources to generate electricity for small buildings aiming to open a new market, in the hope of strengthening the economic diversification. Utilizing clean energy and renewables is an adaptive precaution to climate change impacts that would open a window to diversify the economy and reduce emissions to the atmosphere from the fuel combustion. Some of clean energy and renewable sources are available, however, they cannot be utilized without the needed support; especially, technology transfer.</p> <p>3. Research and Development</p> <p>Qatar is highly committed to advancing research and development. Qatar has invested heavily in research and development in various areas including sustainable energy, in line with its National Research Strategy. Many research activities are being carried out in various fields, improving the environment to adapt with climate change impacts, utilizing clean energy and renewables, reducing emissions to the atmosphere and developing technologies that convert emissions into useful products. These research efforts consider economical validation, economic-diversification and efficiency.</p> <p>4. Education</p> <p>Qatar is investing heavily in education. Great steps have been taken to create a world-class education system that aims to build an environmentally aware society. Universities and research facilities have programs that center around environmental studies, including climate change. All in all, Qatar’s emphasis on education is expected to produce graduates who are specialized in knowledge-based services, healthcare and green technologies. On the same grounds, young Qataris are always motivated to take advantage of the various opportunities for post-secondary education and training. These generations are encouraged to increase their involvement in the private sector by launching business training and capacity building programs. This involvement will, in turn, strengthen the new generation's capabilities and improve their analytical thinking, innovation and entrepreneurship to contribute to climate change efforts and sustainable development.</p> <p>5. Tourism</p> <p>Qatar has a long-term strategy towards advancing its tourism industry through a series of well-defined plans, programs, and policies developed according to international best practices, and following a nation-wide consultative process. The aim of this strategy is to reduce dependence on hydrocarbon resources by promoting sustainable tourism strategies, as well as to protect the country's economy from market fluctuations that can significantly affect its economic growth.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "RUS": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "RWA": { | |
| "value": "<p>See INDC for list of actions for means of achieving the target.</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "SAU": { | |
| "value": "<p>Contribution to Economic diversification with mitigation co-benefits</p> <p>\"The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has ambitious plans to diversify its economy away from heavy reliance on income generated from a single resource. Therefore, contribution to the climate ambition will be integrated in the future policy to promote this plan. The INDC is thus driven by the aim to implement measures that accelerate the diversification process under paragraph 3.1 above (scenario 1). The following actions and plans will generate mitigation co-benefits and contribute to economic diversification:</p> <p>1. Energy Efficiency: implement measures and initiativesthat will promote, encourage and support actions in generating mitigation co-benefits in energy efficiency. Strengthen the Saudi Energy Efficiency Program and expand its focus. Currently, the program focuses on three main sectors, namely industry, building and transportation that collectively account for over 90% of the energy demand in the Kingdom. Support initiatives that will produce far-reaching cobenefits, such as the introduction of efficiency standards in the building and transportation sectors as well as the implementation of energy efficiency measures, in various industrial establishments. Encourage and expedite the conversion of single cycle power plants to combined cycle power plants.</p> <p>2. Renewable energies: Invest and implement ambitious programs for renewable energy to increase its contribution to the energy mix. The scope will include solar PV, solar thermal, wind and geothermal energy and waste to energy systems. A competitive procurement process for renewable energy is currently under preparation and evaluation.</p> <p>3. Carbon Capture and Utilization/Storage: promote and encourage actions in this area. As part of itssustainability programme, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia plans to build the world’s largest carbon capture and use plant. This initiative aims to capture and purify about 1,500 tons of CO<sub>2</sub> a day for use in other petrochemical plants. Saudi Arabia will operate on pilot testing basis, a Carbon Dioxide – Enhanced Oil Recovery (CO<sub>2</sub>-EOR) demonstration project to assess the viability of CO<sub>2</sub> sequestration in oil reservoirs and any other useful applications. Forty million standard cubic feet a day of CO<sub>2</sub> that will be captured, processed and injected into the Othmaniya oil reservoir. This pilot project has comprehensive monitoring and surveillance plans. The success of this pilot will determine the extent this program will contribute to the Kingdom's ambition in addressing climate change.</p> <p>4. Utilization of gas: Encourage investments on exploring and producing natural gas to significantly increase its contribution to the national energy mix. The success on realizing the Mitigation co-benefit ambition in this area will depend on the success of exploring and developing natural gas.</p> <p>5. Methane recovery and flare minimization: Actions will be taken to conserve, recover and reuse hydrocarbon resources and minimize flaring and fugitive emissions.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "SDN": { | |
| "value": "<table style=\"width: 100%;\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\"> <tbody> <tr> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"10%\"> <p>Sector</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"16%\"> <p>Program of Action</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"31%\"> <p>Description</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"31%\"> <p>Objectives of Actions</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"9%\"> <p>Cost, million USD</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" width=\"10%\"> <p>Energy</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"16%\"> <p>Integration of renewable energy in the power system</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"31%\"> <p>Objective: Integration of renewable energy in the power system of the Sudan, target of 20% by 2030 <br />1.Wind energy: 1000 MW (grid connected) will be applicable in strong wind regime areas.<br />2.Solar PV energy: 1000 MW (on - and off - grid) will be applicable in different states within Sudan.<br />3.Solar CSP technology: 100 MW (grid connected) will be applicable, especially in the northern part of Sudan<br />4.Waste to Energy: 80 MW (grid connected) will be applicable in several intended sites <br />5.Biomass Potential: 80 MW (grid connected); e.g. the sugar industry. 6.Geothermal Potential: 300 MW in different states of Sudan.<br />7.Small Hydro Plants: 50 MW (grid connected)/ especially in combination with irrigation-sites, small hydro plant projects;<br />8. Solar rural electrification through installation of 1.1 million Solar Home Systems (SHSs) up to 2030.</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"31%\"> <p>1. Utilization of the different renewable energy resources potential in Sudan to avail the electric energy all over the country;<br />2. To achieve a competitive price of energy from renewable sources which will lead to fuel saving;<br />3. Diversify the energy supply sources and ensuring the energy security and saving the environment;<br />4. To be part of the global energy development which is expected to lower the prices in the future;<br />5. Supporting the national economy by technology and knowledge transfer and capacities building and promoting local Renewable energy industry;<br />5. Contribute to the development of the different regions of the Sudan;<br />6. Provides access to electric energy supply to rural areas far from the national or the isolated grids for which the grid extension is not a feasible solution.</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"9%\"> <p>4,300</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"16%\"> <p>Energy efficiency</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"31%\"> <p>GHG mitigation is achieved through energy efficiency according to:<br />1. Reduction of loss in transmission and distribution networks;<br />2. Rehabilitation of the cooling system in Hydroelectric stations; <br />3.Increase the readiness of the power station – matrix turbines.<br />4. Reduction of the costs of producing electricity and auxiliary consumption from thermal power plants; <br />5. Improvement of specific fuel consumption in thermal power plants;<br />6. Replacement of incandescent lamps by CFL and LED lamps in residential sector;<br />7. Establishment of the labeling system for electrical appliances.</p> </td> <td width=\"31%\"> <p>The indicative target of the energy efficiency reflecting the rate or the value of savings in electrical energy consumed in 2016 up to 2030, which resulted from measures to improve electric power efficiency and the rationalization of electricity consumption. These contributions are estimated to result in energy saving in the order of 6500 GWh.</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"9%\"> <p>350</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width=\"16%\"> <p>Electricity thermal generation using Natural Gas</p> </td> <td width=\"31%\"> <p>Production of 2300 MW using natural gas in different areas in the country</p> </td> <td width=\"31%\"> <p>GHG emission reduction, fuel cost reduction and enhancement of social and economic development in the country.</p> </td> <td width=\"9%\"> <p>2900</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"10%\"> <p>Forestry</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"16%\"> <p>Afforestation and reforestation</p> </td> <td width=\"31%\"> <p>Afforestation/reforestation through official planting. Community planting and Planting in irrigated agricultural areas.</p> <p>To meet the main goal of 25% forest coverage from the total area of the Sudan by 2030 an area of 790795 hectares needs to be planted annually if international financial support is provided.</p> </td> <td width=\"31%\"> <p>Afforestation/reforestation supports climate mitigation (emission reduction - carbon sequestration) by increasing the forest cover in the country.</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"9%\"> <p>1500</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width=\"16%\"> <p>National REDD+ strategy</p> </td> <td width=\"31%\">1.The carbon balance and incentives for energy substitution to LPG;<br />2. Incentives for using sustainable charcoal, firewood efficiency, increased gum Arabic production, forest conservation and sustainable forest management, Reforestation, Forest Plantations and more balanced livestock production;<br />3. [blank as in original submission]<br />4. Reconciliation of conflicting policies of rival economic sectors and streamlining of activities of supporting sectors such as education and research.</td> <td width=\"31%\"> <p>Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation enhance carbon sequestration and livelihoods.</p> <p>Decreasing the high rate of deforestation and forest degradation for biomass energy, crop cultivation and other important livelihood needs.</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"9%\"> <p>1,700</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan=\"3\" width=\"10%\"> <p>Waste</p> <p> </p> </td> <td width=\"16%\"> <p>Collection</p> </td> <td width=\"31%\"> <p>Collection is the major problem for solid waste management in Sudan. More than 83% of waste, i.e.6 million tons of municipal waste is left without collection, which is five times the estimated impact as set out in Sudan’s Second National Communication report (1.3 million tons). Proper waste collection is expected to eliminate the hazard of this huge amount.</p> </td> <td rowspan=\"3\" width=\"31%\"> <p>The objective is to treat the whole generated waste and ensure that no waste is sent to the landfill. This will lead to GHGs emission reduction, pollution control; land used saving and income generation. It could be achieved through recycling, composting and energy recovery.</p> </td> <td rowspan=\"3\" width=\"9%\"> <p> </p> <p>930</p> <p> </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width=\"16%\"> <p>Sanitary landfill:</p> </td> <td width=\"31%\"> <p>Landfills are also a real challenge to the environment. Adoption of sanitary landfill with treatment facilities, gas collection and capture system will lead to mitigate GHG as such sanitary landfill is an essential and important solution for the land fill gas. </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width=\"16%\"> <p>Zero waste concept</p> </td> <td width=\"31%\">This is most recent and efficient system for GHG mitigation method. It includes: <br />1. Composting of organic component in municipal waste; <br />2. Sorting and recycling of recyclable items such as plastic and paper; <br />3. Use of non-recyclable items as a fuel for cement factories; <br />4. Energy Recovery by generation of electricity or gas from waste.</td> </tr> </tbody> </table>" | |
| }, | |
| "SEN": { | |
| "value": "See INDC for list of actions for means of achieving the target." | |
| }, | |
| "SGP": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "SLB": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Solomon Islands has considered mitigation actions that were currently planned and funded (as the Solomon Islands Contribution), and those that have been identified as technically viable with current technology suitable to the Solomon Islands context (as the Contribution conditional on adequate and timely international assistance), are included in the Table below.\"</p> <table style=\"width: 100%;\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\"> <tbody> <tr> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"9%\"> <p>Sector</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"15%\"> <p>Mitigation option</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"9%\"> <p>INDC type</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"16%\"> <p>Mitigation in 2025 (tCO<sub>2</sub>e)</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"16%\"> <p>% of 2025 projected inventory</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"16%\"> <p>Mitigation in 2030 (tCO<sub>2</sub>e)</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"16%\"> <p>% of 2030 projected inventory</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"9%\"> <p>Energy</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"15%\"> <p>Fiu Hydropower</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"9%\"> <p>RE</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"16%\"> <p>12,220.2</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"16%\"> <p>14.7%</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"16%\"> <p>24,440.40</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"16%\"> <p>11.52%</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"9%\"> <p> </p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"15%\"> <p>Solar Farm</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"9%\"> <p>RE</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"16%\"> <p>2,036.7</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"16%\"> <p>2.5 %</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"16%\"> <p>4,073.40</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"16%\"> <p>1.92%</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"9%\"> <p> </p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"15%\"> <p>Tina Hydropower</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"9%\"> <p>RE</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"16%\"> <p>91,244.2</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"16%\"> <p>109.9%</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"16%\"> <p>319,354.56</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"16%\"> <p>150.48%</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"9%\"> <p> </p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"15%\"> <p>Solar Homes</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"9%\"> <p>RE</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"16%\"> <p>1697.3</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"16%\"> <p>2.0%</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"16%\"> <p>3,394.60</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"16%\"> <p>1.60%</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"9%\"> <p> </p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"15%\"> <p>Mini Hydropower</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"9%\"> <p>RE</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"16%\"> <p>1303.5</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"16%\"> <p>1.5%</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"16%\"> <p>4,562.25</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"16%\"> <p>2.15%</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"9%\"> <p> </p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"15%\"> <p>Energy Usage</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"9%\"> <p>EE</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"16%\"> <p>1629.4</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"16%\"> <p>2.0%</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"16%\"> <p>3258.8</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"16%\"> <p>1.54%</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>Keys:<br />RE - Renewable Energy<br />EE – Energy Efficiency</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "SLE": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Mitigation perspectives of Sierra Leone are presented based on strategic documents developed in and for Sierra Leone which include the National Communications, the NAPA and other strategic documents. This INDC is a strategic document concretizing Sierra Leone's shift in its development path from brown to green economy and to achieve sustainable development, based on its own socio-economic and development priorities.</p> <p><em>Present GHG emission contribution</em></p> <p>Already, in a bid to significantly contribute towards the reduction of the sources and potential sources of GHG emissions or enhancing carbon sinks, Sierra Leone, following a mitigation assessment, and drawing upon the strategic direction of Vision 2035, Sierra Leone, proposed to undertake the following appropriate which were it's Internationally communicated pre-2020 GHG emissions reduction plans under the Copenhagen Accord (GoSL, 2012):</p> <p>Thus Sierra Leone is already mitigating GHG emission which has not yet been quantified for CERs.</p> <ol start=\"1\"> <li>Establishment of the national secretariat for climate change (NSCC) to ensure coordination and assessment of climate change initiatives.</li> <li>Expanding clean energy utilization (e.g. solar, mini-hydro electric power, LPG, biomass stoves etc).</li> <li>Development of energy efficiency programmes through sensitization and awareness raising campaigns. Sustainable production of charcoal a reduce dependence on firewood.</li> <li>Development of alternative energy sources such as bio-fuels from sugarcane, corn, rice husk, etc.</li> <li>Developing agricultural and urban waste incineration programmes for energy production.</li> <li>Improved waste management through composting and recycling of waste.</li> <li>Development and enforcement of regulations on regular maintenance of vehicles (vehicle emission testing): formulation of transport plans.</li> <li>Improved and promoting use of public transport (e.g. road, rail and water) for passengers and cargo to reduce traffic congestion and GHG emissions.</li> <li>Setting/developing air, water and soil quality standards, and ensure regular assessments and monitoring through control programs.</li> </ol> <p>Priority climate change response strategies have been identified and included in the INDC. The following strategies are in the area of mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions. These strategies include:</p> <p><strong>Strategy 1:</strong>Institutionalization of coordination, monitoring, reporting and verification of climate change issues by strengthening the Environment Protection Agency for effective and efficient provision of technical policy advice to the Government and people of Sierra Leone for relevant decision making in transitioning to green economic growth.</p> <p><strong>Strategy 2:</strong>Transformation of the National Meteorological Services of Sierra Leone and strengthening of Climate Change Early Warning System of Sierra Leone</p> <p><strong>Strategy 3:</strong>Promotion of energy efficiency, enhanced management and expansion of the energy mix through uptake of renewable energy sources (Solar, Wind, Hydro, Biomass) particularly in the rural areas of Sierra Leone.</p> <p><strong>Strategy 4:</strong>Enhancement of waste management systems at all levels to reduce pollution and greenhouse gas emissions under the category so as to improve health of both humans and animals and reduce global warming.</p> <p><strong>Strategy 5:</strong>Diversification of economic growth through strengthened transport sub-sector, particularly the infrastructure to contribute to the reduction of regional and global emissions of greenhouses and build a stable economy.</p> <p><strong>Strategy 6:</strong>Adoption and application of climate-smart and conservation agriculture through best agricultural practices that enhance soil fertility and improve crop yield.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "SLV": { | |
| "value": "<p class=\"Default\">“El Plan Quinquenal de Desarrollo 2015-2019 (PQD) ha establecido entre sus objetivos y líneas de acción promover la eficiencia energética, impulsar las energías renovables, controlar las emisiones del sector transporte y las asociadas a desechos y vertidos. Las contribuciones previstas en estas áreas reportan simultáneamente beneficios económicos y sociales que robustecen las condiciones nacionales para el desarrollo sostenible resiliente y bajo en carbono.</p> <p class=\"Default\">En ese sentido, un desarrollo urbano bajo en carbono para El Salvador no solo desaceleraría las emisiones de GEI sino que mejoraría las condiciones de competitividad económica de los núcleos urbanos y reduciría la incidencia de enfermedades asociadas con la contaminación y el fenómeno de islas de calor en las ciudades, mejorando la calidad de vida y el confort urbano.</p> <p class=\"Default\">Como ampliación de las directrices establecidas en el PQD, el Plan Nacional de Cambio Climático, establece como uno de sus ejes prioritarios el desarrollo urbano y costero resiliente al clima y bajo en carbono, incluyendo en su implementación el desarrollo de Acciones Nacionales Apropiadas de Mitigación (NAMAs, por sus siglas en inglés). En las acciones de restauración de ecosistemas y paisajes, de implementación del Programa REDD plus, así como adaptación de la agricultura al cambio climático se desarrollan simultáneamente co-beneficios de mitigación cuantificables en muchos casos.</p> <p class=\"Default\">Es fundamental que estos esfuerzos para implementar las contribuciones nacionales en materia de mitigación para el cumplimiento de los compromisos del país ante el acuerdo 2015, cuenten con el concurso de los actores económicos y del conjunto de la sociedad. Es imprescindible consensuar metas y compromisos y será necesario contar con el apoyo técnico y financiero proveniente de recursos internacionales públicos y privados, nuevos y adicionales a la ayuda oficial al desarrollo y que se correspondan con el principio de responsabilidades comunes pero diferenciadas establecido por la Convención.”<br /><br /></p> <p>The Five-Year Development Plan (PQD) 2015-2019 has set its objectives and lines of action to promote energy efficiency and renewable energy, and to control emissions in the transport and waste sectors. The planned contributions in these areas generate both economic and social benefits that strengthen national conditions for sustainable, resilient and low-carbon development.</p> <p>In this sense, a low-carbon urban development for El Salvador does not only slow down GHG emissions but it also improves conditions for economic competitiveness in urban areas and reduces the incidence of diseases associated with pollution and the heat island effect in cities, improving quality of life and urban comfort.</p> <p>As an extension of the guidelines established in the PQD, the National Climate Change Plan sets one of its priorities to be climate-resilient, low-carbon coastal urban development, including the implementation and the development of National Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs, for its English acronym). The restoration of ecosystems and landscapes, the implementation of REDD+ programs and the adaptation of agriculture to climate change, simultaneously produce quantifiable co-benefits for mitigation in many cases.</p> <p>It is essential that these efforts to implement national mitigation contributions fulfill the country's commitments to the 2015 agreement and count with the participation of economic actors and the whole of society. It is imperative to agree on goals and commitments. This will require technical and financial support from public and private, new and additional sources of international development assistance, which will have to align with the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities established by the Convention.</p> <p>El Salvador provided information about their planned actions in the following areas: institutional development; legal systems; infrastructure; water resources; agriculture, livestock and forestry; energy; health care, social welfare and transportation.</p> <p>For full list of actions, please see the INDC submission.</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "SMR": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "SOM": { | |
| "value": "<p>Feasible Mitigation and Adaptation Policies and Actions for INDCs</p> <p>\"The potential remedial actions to overcome the deforestation and rangeland degradation are: (1) sustainable land management and food security through enhanced productivity; (2) integrated water management; (3) reducing risk among of vulnerable populations from natural disasters; (4) the utilization of renewable energy resources such as solar, hydroelectric and wind. These sources were used in the past or are in use in Somalia and their potentials are well known; (5) the implementation of the UN Security Council Resolution 2036 (2012) that calls for international cooperation to ban illegal export of charcoal from Somalia and the various laws passed by the Somalia's authorities both federal and some states; (6) the introduction and advocating the use of more efficient kilns for charcoal making and efficient stoves for local use, in order to reduce trees filling for local use; (7) reforestation using regional nurseries and forest plantation using indigenous and introduced suitable tree species. Such initiatives could reverse the deforestation and land degradation.</p> <p>Some of these remedial actions are indicated in the National Adaptation Programme of Action (NAPA) (2013) formulated by UNDP and UNFCCC with funding from the Global Environment Facility (GEF) and the Somalia: Energy Sector Needs Assessment and Action/Investment Programme (2015) formulated by the Federal Government of Somalia and the African Development Bank (AfDB).\"</p> <p>See Somalia's full INDc submission for detailed inforamtion for the project profile of the nine \"ready for implementation and planned adaptation and mitigation INDCs projects\", including</p> <ol> <li>Adoption of Sustainable Land Management to Build Resilient Rural Livelihoods and Enable National Food Security\"</li> <li>Adaptation Using Integrated Water Resources Management to Ensure Water Access and Supply to Vulnerable Populations and Sectors</li> <li>Adaptation by Reducing Risks among Vulnerable Populations from Natural Disasters</li> <li>UN Joint Programme on Sustainable Charcoal Production and Alternative Livelihoods (PROSCAL) to Mitigate Against Deforestation.</li> <li>Rehabilitation of Fanoole Hydro-Electric Dam and Irrigation Infrastructure</li> <li>Project for Domestication of Indigenous and the Introduction of Economically Important Plant Species</li> <li>Project Proposal Charcoal Production from Prosopis and Replacement with Crop Production</li> <li>Up scaling the Use of Solar Energy</li> <li>Marine and Coastal Environmental Governance and Management of Somalia</li> </ol>" | |
| }, | |
| "SSD": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"As a post-conflict nation and one of the least developed countries, South Sudan is embarking on a sustainable development path and would like to employ the latest clean technologies to realize a low carbon, climate-resilient development outcome.</p> <p>South Sudan commits to undertake a national GHG inventory, as part of it’s Initial National Communication, in 2016. This will allow a better assessment of potential for mitigation and quantify the emission reductions possible through actions listed here.</p> <p>South Sudan aims to undertake the policies and actions in following sectors: energy generation and use; Land Use and Land use Change; and Transport, to address its future emissions that are likely to result from growth strategies. These efforts are contingent on availability of technical assistance to develop the necessary regulations, policies, and standards as well as financial support for investing in low carbon options.</p> <p><em>Energy generation and Energy Use: </em></p> <p>i. Increase the use of clean and carbon-neutral energy:<br />ii. Construction of a hydroelectricity plant at the Fulla rapids.<br />iii. Increase the use country’s high potential for solar and wind energy to meet energy demand.<br />iv. Increase the efficiency of biomass use (particularly fuel wood and charcoal) in the traditional energy sector.<br />v. Increase efficiency of electricity usage in the formal energy sector and ensuring the best use of hydropower by careful management of the water resources.</p> <p><em>Reforestation and Deforestation:</em></p> <p>i. With its abundant natural forests, South Sudan aims to declare approximately 20% of its natural forests as reserve forests to protect it from deforestation.<br />ii. It also aims on an ambitious reforestation and afforestation project to plant 20 million trees over a period of ten years (2 million trees in each of its 10 states) as outlined in the National Environmental Policy. This will contribute towards restoring watershed and water catchment areas during the post-2020 period as well as sequestering carbon and reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation.</p> <p><em>Transport Sector:</em></p> <p>i. Establish emissions standards for vehicles<br />ii. Establish exhaust testing centers and cars that fail the tests by emitting fumes above allowable emissions levels will be subjected to mandatory repairs or scrapped.<br />iii. Consider measures to restrict importation of vehicles that do not adhere to allowable emissions levels.</p> <p>To maintain a clean and green environment, South Sudan will encourage payment for ecosystem services, access to resources and benefit sharing to avoid depletion of important natural resources. This would contribute towards the sustainability and viability of initiatives to reduce emissions from deforestation and forest degradation.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "STP": { | |
| "value": "See INDC for list of actions for means of achieving the target" | |
| }, | |
| "SUR": { | |
| "value": "<p>The sectors covered in this INDC are ‘Forests’ and ‘Renewable Energy’.</p> <p><strong>Forests</strong></p> <p>\"Approximately 94% of the Republic of Suriname consists of forests covering approximately 15 million ha of the land surface. Suriname has one of the world’s lowest rate of deforestation which is estimated at 0.02% annually.\"</p> <p>Unconditional Contributions</p> <p>\"Suriname has taken a comprehensive approach to the management of its forests through the Forest Management Act (1992), National Forest Policy (2003) and Interim Strategic Action Plan for the Forest Sector (2008) and has been able to maintain its high forest cover and low deforestation rate through stringent management of forests by adopting and implementing sustainable forest management practices. Enhanced efforts at forest monitoring to address illegal logging as well as the adoption of tools such as Reduced Impact logging (RIL) in the logging sector has helped to maintain a low environmental and carbon footprint. However, much more detailed information on forest resources is needed and in this regard Suriname is currently piloting a national forest inventory. Suriname intends to increase efforts at sustainable forest and ecosystem management and stabilizing and minimizing deforestation and forest degradation unconditionally.</p> <p>Additionally, to support its efforts at maintaining the integrity of forest ecosystems and keeping with its obligations regarding the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity, Suriname has established 13% of its total land area under a national protection system and will continue to pursue the expansion of this system by increasing the percentage of forests and wetlands under preservation.\"</p><p><strong>Renewable Energy</strong></p> <p>\"According to the statistics 85% of Suriname’s population has access to energy. The energy demand of Suriname’s population is between 150MW and 250MW and is met from diesel generation (51.6MW), hydropower (115MW), and small diesel generators with capacity in the range of 10-60kW servicing rural villages. The projected energy demand by 2022 is estimated to be 500MW.\"</p> <p>Unconditional Contribution</p> <p>\"Suriname has drafted a <em>National Energy Plan 2013-2033</em> outlining a long-term vision and strategy to establish a modern, efficient, affordable energy sector that offers long-term energy security and at the same time advances international competitiveness. An Electricity Bill has been prepared which outlines the formulation of an energy sector plan and the establishment of an energy authority. Several initiatives are already in an advanced stage such as solar energy for communities in the hinterland, a study on waste-to-energy at the national landfill, and micro-hydro power projects in the Interior. Other forms of renewable energy to be explored are wind energy as well as biomass-to-energy. A nation-wide energy efficiency program has commenced aimed at consumer awareness and usage of energy-saving light bulbs as well as promoting energy efficient designs for buildings. In addition, there has been the removal of tariffs on renewable energy products.\"</p><p>See Additional action that could be achieved if certain conditions were met for conditional mitigation contribution.</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "SWZ": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Swaziland’s four mitigation actions, based on technology, financial and capacity building support are:</p> <ul> <li>Developing a robust national GHG inventory, a credible baseline and emissions trajectory, and a comprehensive MRV system.</li> <li>Doubling the share of renewable energy in the national energy mix. This includes electricity generation and reduced consumption of non-sustainable biomass.</li> <li>Introducing the use of a 10% ethanol blend in petrol for use in all vehicles. This is additional to the contribution of doubling the share of renewable energy.</li> <li>Phasing out the use of HFCs, PFCs and SF<sub>6</sub> gases.\"</li> </ul><p>See Swaziland's full INDC submission for additional information on its mitigation contribution, including national level actions, energy sector actions, transport sector actions, and substitues for ozone depleting substances.</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "SYC": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "TCD": { | |
| "value": "See INDC for list of actions for means of achieving the target." | |
| }, | |
| "TGO": { | |
| "value": "See INDC for list of actions for means of achieving the target." | |
| }, | |
| "THA": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "TJK": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "TKM": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "TLS": { | |
| "value": "Analysis in progress" | |
| }, | |
| "TON": { | |
| "value": "<p>See below for list of actions for means of achieving the target, also see \"Annex 2: Specific strategies, policies, plans and actions, including timing and support needs\" for more information.</p><p>Sector Policies and Plans</p> <p>\"Annex 1 [Table 2: Extent to which current Legislation, Policies, and Plans are aligned with a Resilient Tonga] provides an outline of the sector legislation, policies, and plans aligned with the goal of a Resilient Tonga. Focusing on sector policies and plans in particular it is clear that there are significant gaps that need to be addressed. Climate resilience is addressed as a cross-cutting issue with both adaptation and mitigation benefits whereby key resilience building statements cover:</p> <ol> <li>Halting deforestation and degradation of indigenous forests;</li> <li>Maintaining national parks, reserves and protected areas;</li> <li>Establishing and managing forest reserves;</li> <li>Promoting reforestation and rehabilitation of cleared and degraded forests with climate change resilient, and ecologically and socially appropriate tree species;</li> <li>Promoting integrated agroforestry in areas earmarked for agriculture;</li> <li>Discouraging tree removal on tax allotments;</li> <li>Encouraging tax allotment holders to plant and manage trees on their properties.</li> </ol> <p>In addition the importance of trees for protection of coastal areas is identified. All of the above are important adaptation measures which will provide significant mitigation co-benefits. The latter are discussed more fully in the mitigation section.</p> <p>There are also significant gaps with sector plans. Aside from the current, and soon to be revised, JNAP the most important recent plan is the Tonga Agriculture Sector Plan (TASP). The goal of the TASP is to “increase and sustain resilient agriculture livelihoods”. There are four strategic objectives aimed at meeting this goal:</p> <ol> <li>To develop a climate resilient environment;</li> <li>To improve the enabling environment;</li> <li>To develop diverse, resilient farming systems for the Kingdom’s islands;</li> <li>To increase and sustain rural incomes across the Kingdom.</li> </ol> <p>The TASP recognises the importance of, and includes strategies to support, climate-resilient agricultural production systems which are driven by healthy soils, secure and sustainable water supplies, diverse farming systems, and adaptive rural communities. The TASP contains fully costed programmes and activities covering a five year timeframe, and includes a results framework which includes specific indicators and targets.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "TTO": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "TUN": { | |
| "value": "See INDC for list of actions for means of achieving the target." | |
| }, | |
| "TUR": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "TUV": { | |
| "value": "See INDC for list of planned mitigation actions for means of achieving the target." | |
| }, | |
| "UGA": { | |
| "value": "<p>Table 2: Policies and measures of Uganda's mitigation contribution</p> <table border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\"> <tbody> <tr> <td valign=\"top\"> <p>Sector</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p>Measure</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"> <p>Energy (power supply)</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p>Construction of enabling infrastructure for electricity sector development, including power lines, substations and transmission facilities.</p> <p>(Development of the electricity sector holds great mitigation potential for Uganda due to the potential offsetting of wood and charcoal burning, and the consequential deforestation)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign=\"top\"> <p>Achieve a total of at least 3,200 Mega Watts renewable electricity generation capacity by 2030, up from 729 Mega Watts in 2013.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"> <p>Forestry</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p>Development of enabling environment for forestry management, including:</p> - Community forest management groups<br />- Forest law enforcement and governance<br />- Strengthening forest institutions responsible for forest management and development</td> </tr> <tr> <td valign=\"top\"> <p>Reverse deforestation trend to increase forest cover to 21% in 2030, from approximately 14% in 2013, through forest protection, afforestation and sustainable biomass production measures.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"> <p>Wetlands</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <p>Development of enabling environment for wetland management, including:</p> - Creation of national information database through re-inventory and assessment of all wetlands.<br />- Design and implementation of 11 RAMSAR site wetland research, eco-tourism and education centres. The RAMSAR convention is an intergovernmental treaty adopted in the Iranean city of Ramsar, and which provides the framework for wise use of wetland and other resources.<br />- Design and implementation of 111 District wetland action plans, with carbon sink potential.<br />- Design and implementation of 15 RAMSAR sites and Framework wetland management plans<br />- Demarcation and gazettement of 20 critical and vital wetland systems and their maintenance country wide as carbon sink.<br /> - Wetlands law enforcement and governance.<br />- Strengthening wetland management institutions responsible for wetlands management and conservation.</td> </tr> <tr> <td valign=\"top\"> <p>Increase wetland coverage to 12% by 2030, from approximately 10.9% in 2014, through demarcation, gazettement and restoration of degraded wetlands</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table>" | |
| }, | |
| "UKR": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "URY": { | |
| "value": "<p>See INDC for list of actions for means of achieving the target and for \"additional mitigation measures\".</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "VCT": { | |
| "value": "See INDC for list of actions for means of achieving the target." | |
| }, | |
| "VEN": { | |
| "value": "See INDC for list of mitigation and adaptation actions for means of achieving the target." | |
| }, | |
| "VNM": { | |
| "value": "See INDC for list of actions for means of achieving the target." | |
| }, | |
| "VUT": { | |
| "value": "<p>See INDC for list of actions for means of achieving the target “and other actions.”</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "WSM": { | |
| "value": "See INDC for list of actions for means of achieving the target" | |
| }, | |
| "YEM": { | |
| "value": "<p>Unconditional mitigation measures [as means of achieving the mitigation target]</p><p>\"Unconditional mitigation measures are scheduled or in-progress projects, all of whose funding has been defined including those under implementation. Some mitigation measures under implementation are summarized in table (4).\"</p> <p> Table (4) Mitigation Measures under Implementation</p> <table style=\"width: 100%;\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\"> <tbody> <tr> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"9%\"> <p>Sector</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"90%\"> <p>Measures</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"9%\"> <p>Energy</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"90%\"> <p>1. Mocha Wind farm Project, 2014-2019, (MUS$ 144.00) - Government funding: (US$ 19 Million)<br />2. Rural Energy Access Project, 2009-2017, (MUS$ 121.40) - Government funding: (US$ 12.20 Million)<br />3. Marib Gas Turbine Power Station 400 MW- phase 2 (Total Cost = US$ 400 Million) - Government funding: (US$ 49 Million$)<br />4. The Expansion of Solar Power Technology in Yemen (US$ 50 Million) The project is being implemented nationally, with a particular focus on piloting solar technologies in government buildings, schools, hospitals and the agricultural sector (solar water pumping).</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table>" | |
| }, | |
| "ZAF": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "ZMB": { | |
| "value": "<p>See INDC for list of actions for means of achieving the target.</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "ZWE": { | |
| "value": "<p>See INDC for list of actions for means of achieving the target</p>" | |
| } | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "id": 11, | |
| "name": "Conditionality of the INDC", | |
| "slug": "conditionality_of_the_indc", | |
| "labels": { | |
| "61": { | |
| "name": "Conditional INDC only", | |
| "color": "#0099CC" | |
| }, | |
| "62": { | |
| "name": "Unconditional INDC only", | |
| "color": "#97BD3D" | |
| }, | |
| "63": { | |
| "name": "Conditional INDC and unconditional INDC", | |
| "color": "#003F6A" | |
| }, | |
| "64": { | |
| "name": "Partially conditional INDC (unspecified mix of domestic/international resources)", | |
| "color": "#F0AB00" | |
| }, | |
| "65": { | |
| "name": "Not Specified", | |
| "color": "#828282" | |
| }, | |
| "66": { | |
| "name": "No INDC submitted", | |
| "color": "#E1E1E1" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "locations": { | |
| "AFG": { | |
| "value": "Conditional INDC only", | |
| "label_id": 61 | |
| }, | |
| "AGO": { | |
| "value": "Conditional INDC and unconditional INDC", | |
| "label_id": 63 | |
| }, | |
| "ALB": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified", | |
| "label_id": 65 | |
| }, | |
| "AND": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified", | |
| "label_id": 65 | |
| }, | |
| "ARE": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified", | |
| "label_id": 65 | |
| }, | |
| "ARG": { | |
| "value": "Conditional INDC and unconditional INDC", | |
| "label_id": 63 | |
| }, | |
| "ARM": { | |
| "value": "Conditional INDC only", | |
| "label_id": 61 | |
| }, | |
| "ATG": { | |
| "value": "Conditional INDC and unconditional INDC", | |
| "label_id": 63 | |
| }, | |
| "AUS": { | |
| "value": "Unconditional INDC only", | |
| "label_id": 62 | |
| }, | |
| "AZE": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified", | |
| "label_id": 65 | |
| }, | |
| "BDI": { | |
| "value": "Conditional INDC and unconditional INDC", | |
| "label_id": 63 | |
| }, | |
| "BEN": { | |
| "value": "Conditional INDC and unconditional INDC", | |
| "label_id": 63 | |
| }, | |
| "BFA": { | |
| "value": "Conditional INDC and unconditional INDC", | |
| "label_id": 63 | |
| }, | |
| "BGD": { | |
| "value": "Conditional INDC and unconditional INDC", | |
| "label_id": 63 | |
| }, | |
| "BHR": { | |
| "value": "Conditional INDC only", | |
| "label_id": 61 | |
| }, | |
| "BIH": { | |
| "value": "Conditional INDC and unconditional INDC", | |
| "label_id": 63 | |
| }, | |
| "BLR": { | |
| "value": "Unconditional INDC only", | |
| "label_id": 62 | |
| }, | |
| "BLZ": { | |
| "value": "Conditional INDC only", | |
| "label_id": 61 | |
| }, | |
| "BOL": { | |
| "value": "Conditional INDC and unconditional INDC", | |
| "label_id": 63 | |
| }, | |
| "BRA": { | |
| "value": "Unconditional INDC only", | |
| "label_id": 62 | |
| }, | |
| "BRB": { | |
| "value": "Conditional INDC only", | |
| "label_id": 61 | |
| }, | |
| "BRN": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified", | |
| "label_id": 65 | |
| }, | |
| "BTN": { | |
| "value": "Conditional INDC only", | |
| "label_id": 64 | |
| }, | |
| "BWA": { | |
| "value": "Partially conditional INDC (unspecified mix of domestic/international resources)", | |
| "label_id": 64 | |
| }, | |
| "CAF": { | |
| "value": "Conditional INDC and unconditional INDC", | |
| "label_id": 63 | |
| }, | |
| "CAN": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified", | |
| "label_id": 65 | |
| }, | |
| "CHE": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified", | |
| "label_id": 65 | |
| }, | |
| "CHL": { | |
| "value": "Conditional INDC and unconditional INDC", | |
| "label_id": 63 | |
| }, | |
| "CHN": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified", | |
| "label_id": 65 | |
| }, | |
| "CMR": { | |
| "value": "Conditional INDC only", | |
| "label_id": 61 | |
| }, | |
| "COD": { | |
| "value": "Partially conditional INDC (unspecified mix of domestic/international resources)", | |
| "label_id": 64 | |
| }, | |
| "COG": { | |
| "value": "Conditional INDC only", | |
| "label_id": 61 | |
| }, | |
| "COK": { | |
| "value": "Conditional INDC and unconditional INDC", | |
| "label_id": 63 | |
| }, | |
| "COL": { | |
| "value": "Conditional INDC and unconditional INDC", | |
| "label_id": 63 | |
| }, | |
| "COM": { | |
| "value": "Conditional INDC only", | |
| "label_id": 61 | |
| }, | |
| "CPV": { | |
| "value": "Conditional INDC and unconditional INDC", | |
| "label_id": 63 | |
| }, | |
| "CRI": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified", | |
| "label_id": 65 | |
| }, | |
| "CUB": { | |
| "value": "Conditional INDC only", | |
| "label_id": 61 | |
| }, | |
| "DJI": { | |
| "value": "Conditional INDC and unconditional INDC", | |
| "label_id": 63 | |
| }, | |
| "DMA": { | |
| "value": "Conditional INDC only", | |
| "label_id": 61 | |
| }, | |
| "DOM": { | |
| "value": "Conditional INDC only", | |
| "label_id": 61 | |
| }, | |
| "DZA": { | |
| "value": "Conditional INDC and unconditional INDC", | |
| "label_id": 63 | |
| }, | |
| "ECU": { | |
| "value": "Conditional INDC and unconditional INDC", | |
| "label_id": 63 | |
| }, | |
| "EGY": { | |
| "value": "Conditional INDC only", | |
| "label_id": 61 | |
| }, | |
| "ERI": { | |
| "value": "Conditional INDC and unconditional INDC", | |
| "label_id": 63 | |
| }, | |
| "ETH": { | |
| "value": "Partially conditional INDC (unspecified mix of domestic/international resources)", | |
| "label_id": 64 | |
| }, | |
| "EU28": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified", | |
| "label_id": 65 | |
| }, | |
| "FJI": { | |
| "value": "Conditional INDC and unconditional INDC", | |
| "label_id": 63 | |
| }, | |
| "GAB": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified", | |
| "label_id": 65 | |
| }, | |
| "GEO": { | |
| "value": "Conditional INDC and unconditional INDC", | |
| "label_id": 63 | |
| }, | |
| "GHA": { | |
| "value": "Conditional INDC and unconditional INDC", | |
| "label_id": 63 | |
| }, | |
| "GIN": { | |
| "value": "Conditional INDC only", | |
| "label_id": 61 | |
| }, | |
| "GMB": { | |
| "value": "Conditional INDC and unconditional INDC", | |
| "label_id": 63 | |
| }, | |
| "GNQ": { | |
| "value": "Conditional INDC only", | |
| "label_id": 61 | |
| }, | |
| "GRD": { | |
| "value": "Conditional INDC only", | |
| "label_id": 61 | |
| }, | |
| "GTM": { | |
| "value": "Conditional INDC and unconditional INDC", | |
| "label_id": 63 | |
| }, | |
| "GUY": { | |
| "value": "Conditional INDC and unconditional INDC", | |
| "label_id": 63 | |
| }, | |
| "HND": { | |
| "value": "Conditional INDC only", | |
| "label_id": 61 | |
| }, | |
| "HTI": { | |
| "value": "Conditional INDC and unconditional INDC", | |
| "label_id": 63 | |
| }, | |
| "IDN": { | |
| "value": "Conditional INDC and unconditional INDC", | |
| "label_id": 63 | |
| }, | |
| "IND": { | |
| "value": "Conditional INDC only", | |
| "label_id": 61 | |
| }, | |
| "IRN": { | |
| "value": "Conditional INDC and unconditional INDC", | |
| "label_id": 63 | |
| }, | |
| "IRQ": { | |
| "value": "Conditional INDC and unconditional INDC", | |
| "label_id": 63 | |
| }, | |
| "ISL": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified", | |
| "label_id": 65 | |
| }, | |
| "ISR": { | |
| "value": "Unconditional INDC only", | |
| "label_id": 62 | |
| }, | |
| "JAM": { | |
| "value": "Conditional INDC and unconditional INDC", | |
| "label_id": 63 | |
| }, | |
| "JOR": { | |
| "value": "Conditional INDC and unconditional INDC", | |
| "label_id": 63 | |
| }, | |
| "JPN": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified", | |
| "label_id": 65 | |
| }, | |
| "KAZ": { | |
| "value": "Conditional INDC and unconditional INDC", | |
| "label_id": 63 | |
| }, | |
| "KEN": { | |
| "value": "Partially conditional INDC (unspecified mix of domestic/international resources)", | |
| "label_id": 64 | |
| }, | |
| "KGZ": { | |
| "value": "Conditional INDC and unconditional INDC", | |
| "label_id": 63 | |
| }, | |
| "KHM": { | |
| "value": "Conditional INDC only", | |
| "label_id": 61 | |
| }, | |
| "KIR": { | |
| "value": "Conditional INDC and unconditional INDC", | |
| "label_id": 63 | |
| }, | |
| "KNA": { | |
| "value": "Conditional INDC only", | |
| "label_id": 61 | |
| }, | |
| "KOR": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified", | |
| "label_id": 65 | |
| }, | |
| "KWT": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified", | |
| "label_id": 65 | |
| }, | |
| "LAO": { | |
| "value": "Conditional INDC and unconditional INDC", | |
| "label_id": 63 | |
| }, | |
| "LBN": { | |
| "value": "Conditional INDC and unconditional INDC", | |
| "label_id": 63 | |
| }, | |
| "LBR": { | |
| "value": "Conditional INDC only", | |
| "label_id": 61 | |
| }, | |
| "LCA": { | |
| "value": "Conditional INDC only", | |
| "label_id": 61 | |
| }, | |
| "LKA": { | |
| "value": "Conditional INDC and unconditional INDC", | |
| "label_id": 63 | |
| }, | |
| "LSO": { | |
| "value": "Conditional INDC and unconditional INDC", | |
| "label_id": 63 | |
| }, | |
| "MAR": { | |
| "value": "Conditional INDC and unconditional INDC", | |
| "label_id": 63 | |
| }, | |
| "MCO": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified", | |
| "label_id": 65 | |
| }, | |
| "MDA": { | |
| "value": "Conditional INDC and unconditional INDC", | |
| "label_id": 63 | |
| }, | |
| "MDG": { | |
| "value": "Partially conditional INDC (unspecified mix of domestic/international resources)", | |
| "label_id": 64 | |
| }, | |
| "MDV": { | |
| "value": "Conditional INDC and unconditional INDC", | |
| "label_id": 63 | |
| }, | |
| "MEX": { | |
| "value": "Conditional INDC and unconditional INDC", | |
| "label_id": 63 | |
| }, | |
| "MHL": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified", | |
| "label_id": 65 | |
| }, | |
| "MKD": { | |
| "value": "Partially conditional INDC (unspecified mix of domestic/international resources)", | |
| "label_id": 64 | |
| }, | |
| "MLI": { | |
| "value": "Conditional INDC and unconditional INDC", | |
| "label_id": 63 | |
| }, | |
| "MMR": { | |
| "value": "Conditional INDC only", | |
| "label_id": 61 | |
| }, | |
| "MNE": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified", | |
| "label_id": 65 | |
| }, | |
| "MNG": { | |
| "value": "Conditional INDC only", | |
| "label_id": 61 | |
| }, | |
| "MOZ": { | |
| "value": "Conditional INDC only", | |
| "label_id": 61 | |
| }, | |
| "MRT": { | |
| "value": "Conditional INDC and unconditional INDC", | |
| "label_id": 63 | |
| }, | |
| "MUS": { | |
| "value": "Conditional INDC only", | |
| "label_id": 61 | |
| }, | |
| "MWI": { | |
| "value": "Conditional INDC and unconditional INDC", | |
| "label_id": 63 | |
| }, | |
| "MYS": { | |
| "value": "Conditional INDC and unconditional INDC", | |
| "label_id": 63 | |
| }, | |
| "NAM": { | |
| "value": "Conditional INDC and unconditional INDC", | |
| "label_id": 63 | |
| }, | |
| "NER": { | |
| "value": "Conditional INDC and unconditional INDC", | |
| "label_id": 63 | |
| }, | |
| "NGA": { | |
| "value": "Conditional INDC and unconditional INDC", | |
| "label_id": 63 | |
| }, | |
| "NIU": { | |
| "value": "Conditional INDC and unconditional INDC", | |
| "label_id": 63 | |
| }, | |
| "NOR": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified", | |
| "label_id": 65 | |
| }, | |
| "NPL": { | |
| "value": "Conditional INDC only", | |
| "label_id": 61 | |
| }, | |
| "NRU": { | |
| "value": "Conditional INDC and unconditional INDC", | |
| "label_id": 63 | |
| }, | |
| "NZL": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified", | |
| "label_id": 65 | |
| }, | |
| "OMN": { | |
| "value": "Conditional INDC only", | |
| "label_id": 61 | |
| }, | |
| "PAK": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified", | |
| "label_id": 65 | |
| }, | |
| "PAN": { | |
| "value": "Analysis in progress" | |
| }, | |
| "PER": { | |
| "value": "Conditional INDC and unconditional INDC", | |
| "label_id": 63 | |
| }, | |
| "PHL": { | |
| "value": "Conditional INDC only", | |
| "label_id": 61 | |
| }, | |
| "PLW": { | |
| "value": "Conditional INDC only", | |
| "label_id": 61 | |
| }, | |
| "PNG": { | |
| "value": "Conditional INDC only", | |
| "label_id": 61 | |
| }, | |
| "PRK": { | |
| "value": "Analysis in progress" | |
| }, | |
| "PRY": { | |
| "value": "Conditional INDC and unconditional INDC", | |
| "label_id": 63 | |
| }, | |
| "QAT": { | |
| "value": "Conditional INDC only", | |
| "label_id": 61 | |
| }, | |
| "RUS": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified", | |
| "label_id": 65 | |
| }, | |
| "RWA": { | |
| "value": "Conditional INDC only", | |
| "label_id": 61 | |
| }, | |
| "SAU": { | |
| "value": "Conditional INDC only", | |
| "label_id": 61 | |
| }, | |
| "SDN": { | |
| "value": "Conditional INDC only", | |
| "label_id": 61 | |
| }, | |
| "SEN": { | |
| "value": "Conditional INDC and unconditional INDC", | |
| "label_id": 63 | |
| }, | |
| "SGP": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified", | |
| "label_id": 65 | |
| }, | |
| "SLB": { | |
| "value": "Conditional INDC and unconditional INDC", | |
| "label_id": 63 | |
| }, | |
| "SLE": { | |
| "value": "Conditional INDC only", | |
| "label_id": 61 | |
| }, | |
| "SLV": { | |
| "value": "Conditional INDC only", | |
| "label_id": 61 | |
| }, | |
| "SMR": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified", | |
| "label_id": 65 | |
| }, | |
| "SOM": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified", | |
| "label_id": 65 | |
| }, | |
| "SSD": { | |
| "value": "Conditional INDC only", | |
| "label_id": 61 | |
| }, | |
| "STP": { | |
| "value": "Conditional INDC only", | |
| "label_id": 61 | |
| }, | |
| "SUR": { | |
| "value": "Conditional INDC and unconditional INDC", | |
| "label_id": 63 | |
| }, | |
| "SWZ": { | |
| "value": "Conditional INDC and unconditional INDC", | |
| "label_id": 63 | |
| }, | |
| "SYC": { | |
| "value": "Partially conditional INDC (unspecified mix of domestic/international resources)", | |
| "label_id": 64 | |
| }, | |
| "TCD": { | |
| "value": "Conditional INDC and unconditional INDC", | |
| "label_id": 63 | |
| }, | |
| "TGO": { | |
| "value": "Conditional INDC and unconditional INDC", | |
| "label_id": 63 | |
| }, | |
| "THA": { | |
| "value": "Conditional INDC and unconditional INDC", | |
| "label_id": 63 | |
| }, | |
| "TJK": { | |
| "value": "Conditional INDC and unconditional INDC", | |
| "label_id": 63 | |
| }, | |
| "TKM": { | |
| "value": "Conditional INDC and unconditional INDC", | |
| "label_id": 63 | |
| }, | |
| "TLS": { | |
| "value": "Analysis in progress" | |
| }, | |
| "TON": { | |
| "value": "Partially conditional INDC (unspecified mix of domestic/international resources)", | |
| "label_id": 64 | |
| }, | |
| "TTO": { | |
| "value": "Conditional INDC and unconditional INDC", | |
| "label_id": 63 | |
| }, | |
| "TUN": { | |
| "value": "Conditional INDC and unconditional INDC", | |
| "label_id": 63 | |
| }, | |
| "TUR": { | |
| "value": "Partially conditional INDC (unspecified mix of domestic/international resources)", | |
| "label_id": 64 | |
| }, | |
| "TUV": { | |
| "value": "Conditional INDC and unconditional INDC", | |
| "label_id": 63 | |
| }, | |
| "UGA": { | |
| "value": "Conditional INDC only", | |
| "label_id": 61 | |
| }, | |
| "UKR": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified", | |
| "label_id": 65 | |
| }, | |
| "URY": { | |
| "value": "Conditional INDC and unconditional INDC", | |
| "label_id": 63 | |
| }, | |
| "VCT": { | |
| "value": "Unconditional INDC only", | |
| "label_id": 62 | |
| }, | |
| "VEN": { | |
| "value": "Conditional INDC only", | |
| "label_id": 61 | |
| }, | |
| "VNM": { | |
| "value": "Conditional INDC and unconditional INDC", | |
| "label_id": 63 | |
| }, | |
| "VUT": { | |
| "value": "Conditional INDC only", | |
| "label_id": 61 | |
| }, | |
| "WSM": { | |
| "value": "Conditional INDC only", | |
| "label_id": 61 | |
| }, | |
| "YEM": { | |
| "value": "Conditional INDC and unconditional INDC", | |
| "label_id": 63 | |
| }, | |
| "ZAF": { | |
| "value": "Partially conditional INDC (unspecified mix of domestic/international resources)", | |
| "label_id": 64 | |
| }, | |
| "ZMB": { | |
| "value": "Conditional INDC only", | |
| "label_id": 61 | |
| }, | |
| "ZWE": { | |
| "value": "Conditional INDC only", | |
| "label_id": 61 | |
| } | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "id": 12, | |
| "name": "Base year(s)/period", | |
| "slug": "base_yearsperiod", | |
| "category_id": 1, | |
| "labels": { | |
| "24": { | |
| "name": "1990", | |
| "color": "#0099CC" | |
| }, | |
| "25": { | |
| "name": "2000", | |
| "color": "#003F6A" | |
| }, | |
| "26": { | |
| "name": "2005", | |
| "color": "#007A4D" | |
| }, | |
| "27": { | |
| "name": "2010", | |
| "color": "#F0AB00" | |
| }, | |
| "28": { | |
| "name": "Multiple base years", | |
| "color": "#7d0063" | |
| }, | |
| "29": { | |
| "name": "Other", | |
| "color": "#97BD3D" | |
| }, | |
| "30": { | |
| "name": "Not Applicable", | |
| "color": "#9b9b9b" | |
| }, | |
| "31": { | |
| "name": "No INDC submitted", | |
| "color": "#E1E1E1" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "locations": { | |
| "AFG": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 30 | |
| }, | |
| "AGO": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicalbe; however Angloa communicated that \"the year 2005 is used as the reference year.\"", | |
| "label_id": 30 | |
| }, | |
| "ALB": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 30 | |
| }, | |
| "AND": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 30 | |
| }, | |
| "ARE": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 30 | |
| }, | |
| "ARG": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 30 | |
| }, | |
| "ARM": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 30 | |
| }, | |
| "ATG": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 30 | |
| }, | |
| "AUS": { | |
| "value": "2005", | |
| "label_id": 26 | |
| }, | |
| "AZE": { | |
| "value": "1990", | |
| "label_id": 24 | |
| }, | |
| "BDI": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable; however Burundi communicated \"Baseline year 2005\"", | |
| "label_id": 30 | |
| }, | |
| "BEN": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 30 | |
| }, | |
| "BFA": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 30 | |
| }, | |
| "BGD": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 30 | |
| }, | |
| "BHR": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 30 | |
| }, | |
| "BIH": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable; when the INDC translates into absolute terms, the base year is 1990", | |
| "label_id": 30 | |
| }, | |
| "BLR": { | |
| "value": "1990", | |
| "label_id": 24 | |
| }, | |
| "BLZ": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 30 | |
| }, | |
| "BOL": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 30 | |
| }, | |
| "BRA": { | |
| "value": "2005", | |
| "label_id": 26 | |
| }, | |
| "BRB": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable; when the INDC translates into absolute terms, the base year is 2008", | |
| "label_id": 30 | |
| }, | |
| "BRN": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 30 | |
| }, | |
| "BTN": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 30 | |
| }, | |
| "BWA": { | |
| "value": "2010", | |
| "label_id": 27 | |
| }, | |
| "CAF": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 30 | |
| }, | |
| "CAN": { | |
| "value": "2005", | |
| "label_id": 26 | |
| }, | |
| "CHE": { | |
| "value": "1990", | |
| "label_id": 24 | |
| }, | |
| "CHL": { | |
| "value": "2007", | |
| "label_id": 29 | |
| }, | |
| "CHN": { | |
| "value": "2005", | |
| "label_id": 26 | |
| }, | |
| "CMR": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 30 | |
| }, | |
| "COD": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 30 | |
| }, | |
| "COG": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 30 | |
| }, | |
| "COK": { | |
| "value": "2006", | |
| "label_id": 29 | |
| }, | |
| "COL": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 30 | |
| }, | |
| "COM": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 30 | |
| }, | |
| "CPV": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 30 | |
| }, | |
| "CRI": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 30 | |
| }, | |
| "CUB": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 30 | |
| }, | |
| "DJI": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 30 | |
| }, | |
| "DMA": { | |
| "value": "2014", | |
| "label_id": 29 | |
| }, | |
| "DOM": { | |
| "value": "2010", | |
| "label_id": 27 | |
| }, | |
| "DZA": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 30 | |
| }, | |
| "ECU": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 30 | |
| }, | |
| "EGY": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 30 | |
| }, | |
| "ERI": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 30 | |
| }, | |
| "ETH": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 30 | |
| }, | |
| "EU28": { | |
| "value": "1990", | |
| "label_id": 24 | |
| }, | |
| "FJI": { | |
| "value": "Reference year or period: 2013", | |
| "label_id": 29 | |
| }, | |
| "GAB": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable. (Note: Gabon references 2000 as its base year, but WRI is interpreting this as the start of their baseline scenario)", | |
| "label_id": 30 | |
| }, | |
| "GEO": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 30 | |
| }, | |
| "GHA": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 30 | |
| }, | |
| "GIN": { | |
| "value": "1994", | |
| "label_id": 29 | |
| }, | |
| "GMB": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 30 | |
| }, | |
| "GNQ": { | |
| "value": "2010", | |
| "label_id": 27 | |
| }, | |
| "GRD": { | |
| "value": "2010", | |
| "label_id": 27 | |
| }, | |
| "GTM": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 30 | |
| }, | |
| "GUY": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 30 | |
| }, | |
| "HND": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 30 | |
| }, | |
| "HTI": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 30 | |
| }, | |
| "IDN": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 30 | |
| }, | |
| "IND": { | |
| "value": "2005", | |
| "label_id": 26 | |
| }, | |
| "IRN": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable; however Iran communicated \"Base year of calculation ( upon available information): 2010\"", | |
| "label_id": 30 | |
| }, | |
| "IRQ": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 30 | |
| }, | |
| "ISL": { | |
| "value": "1990", | |
| "label_id": 24 | |
| }, | |
| "ISR": { | |
| "value": "2005", | |
| "label_id": 26 | |
| }, | |
| "JAM": { | |
| "value": "<p>Not Applicable; however 2005 is communicated</p><p>Choice of base year</p> <p>\"The year 2005 was the last year for which a complete inventory of Jamaica’s GHG emissions exists.\"</p>", | |
| "label_id": 30 | |
| }, | |
| "JOR": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 30 | |
| }, | |
| "JPN": { | |
| "value": "FY 2013 and FY 2005; FY 2013 is the base year mainly used for presenting Japan’s INDC.", | |
| "label_id": 28 | |
| }, | |
| "KAZ": { | |
| "value": "1990", | |
| "label_id": 24 | |
| }, | |
| "KEN": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 30 | |
| }, | |
| "KGZ": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 30 | |
| }, | |
| "KHM": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 30 | |
| }, | |
| "KIR": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 30 | |
| }, | |
| "KNA": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 30 | |
| }, | |
| "KOR": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 30 | |
| }, | |
| "KWT": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 30 | |
| }, | |
| "LAO": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 30 | |
| }, | |
| "LBN": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 30 | |
| }, | |
| "LBR": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 30 | |
| }, | |
| "LCA": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 30 | |
| }, | |
| "LKA": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 30 | |
| }, | |
| "LSO": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 30 | |
| }, | |
| "MAR": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 30 | |
| }, | |
| "MCO": { | |
| "value": "The reference year is 1990 for CO<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O. For fluorinated gases (including NF<sub>3</sub>), the reference year is 1995.", | |
| "label_id": 24 | |
| }, | |
| "MDA": { | |
| "value": "1990", | |
| "label_id": 24 | |
| }, | |
| "MDG": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 30 | |
| }, | |
| "MDV": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 30 | |
| }, | |
| "MEX": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 30 | |
| }, | |
| "MHL": { | |
| "value": "2010", | |
| "label_id": 27 | |
| }, | |
| "MKD": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 30 | |
| }, | |
| "MLI": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 30 | |
| }, | |
| "MMR": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 30 | |
| }, | |
| "MNE": { | |
| "value": "1990", | |
| "label_id": 24 | |
| }, | |
| "MNG": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 30 | |
| }, | |
| "MOZ": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 30 | |
| }, | |
| "MRT": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 30 | |
| }, | |
| "MUS": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 30 | |
| }, | |
| "MWI": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 30 | |
| }, | |
| "MYS": { | |
| "value": "2005", | |
| "label_id": 26 | |
| }, | |
| "NAM": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 30 | |
| }, | |
| "NER": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 30 | |
| }, | |
| "NGA": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable; However Nigeria communicated \"Base data period 2010-2014\"", | |
| "label_id": 30 | |
| }, | |
| "NIU": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 30 | |
| }, | |
| "NOR": { | |
| "value": "1990", | |
| "label_id": 24 | |
| }, | |
| "NPL": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 30 | |
| }, | |
| "NRU": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 30 | |
| }, | |
| "NZL": { | |
| "value": "Both 1990 and 2005 base years are provided", | |
| "label_id": 28 | |
| }, | |
| "OMN": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 30 | |
| }, | |
| "PAK": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 30 | |
| }, | |
| "PAN": { | |
| "value": "Analysis in progress" | |
| }, | |
| "PER": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 30 | |
| }, | |
| "PHL": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 30 | |
| }, | |
| "PLW": { | |
| "value": "2005", | |
| "label_id": 26 | |
| }, | |
| "PNG": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 30 | |
| }, | |
| "PRK": { | |
| "value": "Analysis in progress" | |
| }, | |
| "PRY": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 30 | |
| }, | |
| "QAT": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 30 | |
| }, | |
| "RUS": { | |
| "value": "1990", | |
| "label_id": 24 | |
| }, | |
| "RWA": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 30 | |
| }, | |
| "SAU": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 30 | |
| }, | |
| "SDN": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 30 | |
| }, | |
| "SEN": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 30 | |
| }, | |
| "SGP": { | |
| "value": "2005", | |
| "label_id": 26 | |
| }, | |
| "SLB": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 30 | |
| }, | |
| "SLE": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 30 | |
| }, | |
| "SLV": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 30 | |
| }, | |
| "SMR": { | |
| "value": "2005", | |
| "label_id": 26 | |
| }, | |
| "SOM": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 30 | |
| }, | |
| "SSD": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 30 | |
| }, | |
| "STP": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 30 | |
| }, | |
| "SUR": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 30 | |
| }, | |
| "SWZ": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable; however, the INDC states that \"The base year for Swaziland’s INDC is 2010.\"", | |
| "label_id": 30 | |
| }, | |
| "SYC": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 30 | |
| }, | |
| "TCD": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 30 | |
| }, | |
| "TGO": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable; however Togo communicated \"Baseline year: 2010\"", | |
| "label_id": 30 | |
| }, | |
| "THA": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 30 | |
| }, | |
| "TJK": { | |
| "value": "1990", | |
| "label_id": 24 | |
| }, | |
| "TKM": { | |
| "value": "2000", | |
| "label_id": 25 | |
| }, | |
| "TLS": { | |
| "value": "Analysis in progress" | |
| }, | |
| "TON": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 30 | |
| }, | |
| "TTO": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 30 | |
| }, | |
| "TUN": { | |
| "value": "2010", | |
| "label_id": 27 | |
| }, | |
| "TUR": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 30 | |
| }, | |
| "TUV": { | |
| "value": "2010", | |
| "label_id": 27 | |
| }, | |
| "UGA": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 30 | |
| }, | |
| "UKR": { | |
| "value": "1990", | |
| "label_id": 24 | |
| }, | |
| "URY": { | |
| "value": "1990 for intensity targets", | |
| "label_id": 24 | |
| }, | |
| "VCT": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable; however St. Vincent and the Grenadines communicated 2010 as base year.", | |
| "label_id": 30 | |
| }, | |
| "VEN": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 30 | |
| }, | |
| "VNM": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 30 | |
| }, | |
| "VUT": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 30 | |
| }, | |
| "WSM": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 30 | |
| }, | |
| "YEM": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 30 | |
| }, | |
| "ZAF": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 30 | |
| }, | |
| "ZMB": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 30 | |
| }, | |
| "ZWE": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 30 | |
| } | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "id": 13, | |
| "name": "Base year/period emissions", | |
| "slug": "base_yearperiod_emissions", | |
| "category_id": 1, | |
| "labels": {}, | |
| "locations": { | |
| "AFG": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "AGO": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable; however Angola communicated that its emissions in 2005 were 66.8 million tons of CO<sub>2</sub>e." | |
| }, | |
| "ALB": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "AND": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "ARE": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "ARG": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "ARM": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "ATG": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "AUS": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "AZE": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Total emission 73,331 Gg CO<sub>2</sub> equivalent (excluding LULUCF)\"</p><p>\"Net emission 69,641 Gg CO<sub>2</sub> equivalent (including LULUCF)\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "BDI": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "BEN": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "BFA": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "BGD": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "BHR": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "BIH": { | |
| "value": "<p>Not Applicable; however Bosnia and Herzegovina communicated:<ul> <li>Base year 1990: 34,043.49 GgCO<sub>2</sub>e (without LUCF)</li> <li>Base year 1990: 26,619.96 GgCO<sub>2</sub>e (with LUCF)</li> </ul></p>" | |
| }, | |
| "BLR": { | |
| "value": "Greenhouse gas emissions in 1990 were 139,151.23 thousand tons in CO<sub>2</sub> eq., excluding land use, land-use change and forestry sector (hereinafter referred to as LULUCF)" | |
| }, | |
| "BLZ": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "BOL": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "BRA": { | |
| "value": "<p>2.1 GtCO<sub>2</sub>e (GWP-100; IPCC AR5) in 2005</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "BRB": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable; when the INDC translates into absolute terms, the reference point is \"2008 base year (1,820 Gg CO<sub>2</sub>e)\"" | |
| }, | |
| "BRN": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "BTN": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "BWA": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Base year emission estimation is 8307 Gg of CO<sub>2</sub> equivalent.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "CAF": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "CAN": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "CHE": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"53.3 Mt per year (provisional, will be defined through the inventory submissions). Base year emissions from non-forest land (cropland, grassland, wetlands, settlements, other land) will be included, as necessary, after completion of a current study on these emissions<a href=\"#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\">[1]</a>. Emissions/removals from forest land are not included in the base year, since only the net change in emissions is accounted for this sector.\"</p><p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[1]</a> Emissions from non-forest land use and land use change are estimated to be in the order of 2 per cent of base year emissions.</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "CHL": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable (but Chile reported 2010 emissions of 41,698.5 Gg CO<sub>2</sub>eq (incl. LULUCF) and 91,575.9 (excl. LULUCF))" | |
| }, | |
| "CHN": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "CMR": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "COD": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "COG": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable " | |
| }, | |
| "COK": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Based on the 2006 GHG inventory, the Cook Islands’ emission was estimated at 69,574 t CO<sub>2</sub>–e...The energy sector alone contributed 79% of the total emission for 2006, with 34% attributed to electricity generation.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "COL": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "COM": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "CPV": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "CRI": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "CUB": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "DJI": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "DMA": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"164.5 Ggs est.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "DOM": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified; however Dominican Republic communicated its base year estimated eimissions are 3.6 tCO<sub>2</sub>e per capita in 2010" | |
| }, | |
| "DZA": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "ECU": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "EGY": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "ERI": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "ETH": { | |
| "value": "Not applicable; however the total GHG emissions of Ethiopia in 2010 were 150 Mt CO<sub>2</sub>e." | |
| }, | |
| "EU28": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "FJI": { | |
| "value": "<p>Not Applicable; however Fiji communicated: \"The electricity sector CO<sub>2</sub> emissions in 2013 were 340 Gg. The 2013 baseline total energy sector CO<sub>2</sub> emissions were close to 1500Gg.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "GAB": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "GEO": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable " | |
| }, | |
| "GHA": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable " | |
| }, | |
| "GIN": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "GMB": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "GNQ": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "GRD": { | |
| "value": "251,649 tons of CO<sub>2</sub> in 2010" | |
| }, | |
| "GTM": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable, however Guatemala communicated that its emissions in 2005 were 31.45 MtCO<sub>2</sub>e." | |
| }, | |
| "GUY": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable, however Guyana communicated that its aggregate emissions in 2004 were 0.004617GtCO2eq. " | |
| }, | |
| "HND": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "HTI": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "IDN": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "IND": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "IRN": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "IRQ": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "ISL": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "ISR": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "JAM": { | |
| "value": "<p>Not Applicable; however Jamaica communicated \"estimated emissions in base year [2005]: 10,572 thousand metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (kT CO<sub>2</sub> eq)\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "JOR": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable; however Jordan communicated that its emissions in 2006 were 28.72 million ton (Mt) of CO<sub>2</sub> equivalent." | |
| }, | |
| "JPN": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified<br>See \"Reference information\" of the INDC for estimated emissions of energy-originated CO<sub>2</sub>, non-energy originated CO<sub>2</sub>, methane, nitrous oxide in FY 2013 and FY 2005, and fluorinated gases (HFCs, PFCs, SF<sub>6</sub> and NF<sub>3</sub>) in Calendar Year (CY) 2013 and CY 2005." | |
| }, | |
| "KAZ": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "KEN": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "KGZ": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "KHM": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable " | |
| }, | |
| "KIR": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "KNA": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "KOR": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "KWT": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "LAO": { | |
| "value": "<p>Not Applicable, however Laos communicated that its emissions in 2000 were 51,000 Gg.</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "LBN": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "LBR": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "LCA": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable; however Saint Lucia communicated emissions in 2010: 643 GgCO<sub>2</sub>eq." | |
| }, | |
| "LKA": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "LSO": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "MAR": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "MCO": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "MDA": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Total Emissions in Base Year: 43.4 Mt CO<sub>2</sub> eq (without LULUCF) and 37.5 Mt CO<sub>2</sub> eq (with LULUCF). These data are provisional and will be defined on biennial basis through inventory submissions.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "MDG": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "MDV": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "MEX": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "MHL": { | |
| "value": "~185 Gg CO<sub>2</sub>-e" | |
| }, | |
| "MKD": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "MLI": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "MMR": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "MNE": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"The emission level of greenhouse gases for Montenegro from sectors covered by [the] INDC was 5239 kilotons in 1990.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "MNG": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable; however Mongolia communicated its emissions in 2010 are 21.9 MtCO<sub>2</sub>eq." | |
| }, | |
| "MOZ": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "MRT": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "MUS": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "MWI": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "MYS": { | |
| "value": "<p>Emissions in the base year [2005]: 288,663 Gg CO<sub>2</sub>eq*</p> <p>* Emissions in the base year includes emissions from land use, land use change and forestry (LULUCF) which have been estimated at 25,667Gg CO<sub>2</sub>eq respectively</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "NAM": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "NER": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "NGA": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "NIU": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable; however Niue communicated that \"in 2009 electricity generation contributed 2.1 Gg CO<sub>2</sub>e as an emissions source.\"" | |
| }, | |
| "NOR": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"About 52.0 Mt CO<sub>2</sub>-equivalents<a title=\"\" href=\"#_ftn1\">[1]</a>. The base year emissions estimated in line with decision 24/CP.19 will be reported in Norway’s next national GHG inventory submission.\"</p><p><a title=\"\" href=\"#_ftnref1\">[1]</a> The land sector (land-use, land-use change and forestry) is not included in this figure. If the sector was included the 1990 figure would be about 41.8 Mt CO<sub>2</sub>-equivalents.</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "NPL": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "NRU": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "NZL": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "OMN": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "PAK": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "PAN": { | |
| "value": "Analysis in progress" | |
| }, | |
| "PER": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "PHL": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable " | |
| }, | |
| "PLW": { | |
| "value": "Emissions were approximated at 88 thousand tCO<sub>2</sub>e in 2005" | |
| }, | |
| "PNG": { | |
| "value": "<p>Not Applicable, however Papua New Guinea communicated that \"2010 CO<sub>2</sub>eq emissions were...around 5 Mt tonnes\".</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "PRK": { | |
| "value": "Analysis in progress" | |
| }, | |
| "PRY": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "QAT": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "RUS": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "RWA": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable " | |
| }, | |
| "SAU": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "SDN": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "SEN": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "SGP": { | |
| "value": "GHG emissions (2005): 40.9MTCO<sub>2</sub>e</br>(Source: Singapore’s 3rd National Communications and 1st Biennial Update Report, 2014)" | |
| }, | |
| "SLB": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "SLE": { | |
| "value": "<p>Not Applicable, however Sierra Leone communicated that its emissions in 2000 were 574.061Gg CO<sub>2</sub>. \"The carbon dioxide emissions from energy generation amounted to 529.287Gg of CO<sub>2</sub> as Sierra Leone energy generation is based on diesel powered generators. The Land Use, Land Use Change and forestry (LULUCF) sector was the least significant source of CO<sub>2</sub> emissions by up taking 752,748Gg of CO<sub>2</sub>, followed by the waste sector emitting 11.8Gg CO<sub>2</sub>. The industrial processes are however marginal amounting to 39.55 Gg of CO<sub>2</sub> and these emissions came mostly from cement production.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "SLV": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "SMR": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Emissions in base year [2005]: 0,213 Mt per year (provisional, will be defined through the next inventory submissions).\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "SOM": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "SSD": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "STP": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "SUR": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "SWZ": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "SYC": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "TCD": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "TGO": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "THA": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable " | |
| }, | |
| "TJK": { | |
| "value": "<p>25.5 million tons CO<sub>2</sub>e in 1990</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "TKM": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "TLS": { | |
| "value": "Analysis in progress" | |
| }, | |
| "TON": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable; however Tonga communicated that \"in 2006 electricity generation contributed 40 Gg CO<sub>2</sub>e as an emissions source.\"" | |
| }, | |
| "TTO": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "TUN": { | |
| "value": "Not applicable; however Tunisia communicated that its emissions in 2010 were 28.3 MtCO<sub>2</sub>e." | |
| }, | |
| "TUR": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "TUV": { | |
| "value": "Emission in 2010 approximately 20 Gg CO<sub>2</sub> eq" | |
| }, | |
| "UGA": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable; however Uganda communicated tbat<br> \"National emissions in 2000, including Land Use Land Use Change and Forestry, were estimated at 36.5 Million tons of carbon dioxide equivalent per year (MtCO<sub>2</sub>eq/yr).\"" | |
| }, | |
| "UKR": { | |
| "value": "<p>944.4 Mt CO<sub>2</sub>eq in 1990 excluding LULUCF<br />874.6 Mt CO<sub>2</sub>eq in 1990 including LULUCF</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "URY": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "VCT": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable; however St. Vincent and the Grenadines communicated its emission in 2010 is 407 GgCO<sub>2</sub>e." | |
| }, | |
| "VEN": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "VNM": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "VUT": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "WSM": { | |
| "value": "<p>Not Applicable, However Samoa's INDC states, \"In 2014, ~55,065 tCO<sub>2</sub>-e of Samoa's GHG emissions were from the electricity sub sector.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "YEM": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "ZAF": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "ZMB": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "ZWE": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| } | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "id": 14, | |
| "name": "Base year/period emissions intensity", | |
| "slug": "base_yearperiod_emissions_intensity", | |
| "category_id": 1, | |
| "labels": {}, | |
| "locations": { | |
| "AFG": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "AGO": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "ALB": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "AND": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "ARE": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "ARG": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "ARM": { | |
| "value": "<p>Not applicable, however the INDC states that in 2010, Armenia’s GHG emissions were 2.14 tons per capita.</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "ATG": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "AUS": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "AZE": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "BDI": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "BEN": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "BFA": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "BGD": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "BHR": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "BIH": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "BLR": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "BLZ": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "BOL": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "BRA": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable " | |
| }, | |
| "BRB": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "BRN": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "BTN": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "BWA": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "CAF": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "CAN": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "CHE": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "CHL": { | |
| "value": "Carbon intensity per GDP in base year 2007: 1.02 tCO<sub>2</sub>e/million CLP$ 2011" | |
| }, | |
| "CHN": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "CMR": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "COD": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "COG": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable " | |
| }, | |
| "COK": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "COL": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "COM": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "CPV": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "CRI": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "CUB": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "DJI": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "DMA": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "DOM": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "DZA": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "ECU": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "EGY": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "ERI": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "ETH": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "EU28": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "FJI": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "GAB": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "GEO": { | |
| "value": "Not applicable " | |
| }, | |
| "GHA": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable " | |
| }, | |
| "GIN": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "GMB": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "GNQ": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "GRD": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "GTM": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "GUY": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable " | |
| }, | |
| "HND": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "HTI": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "IDN": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "IND": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "IRN": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "IRQ": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "ISL": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "ISR": { | |
| "value": "10.4 tCO<sub>2</sub>e per capita in 2005" | |
| }, | |
| "JAM": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "JOR": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "JPN": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "KAZ": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "KEN": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "KGZ": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "KHM": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "KIR": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable " | |
| }, | |
| "KNA": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "KOR": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "KWT": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "LAO": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable " | |
| }, | |
| "LBN": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "LBR": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "LCA": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "LKA": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "LSO": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "MAR": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "MCO": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "MDA": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "MDG": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "MDV": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "MEX": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "MHL": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "MKD": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "MLI": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "MMR": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "MNE": { | |
| "value": "Not applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "MNG": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "MOZ": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "MRT": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "MUS": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "MWI": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "MYS": { | |
| "value": "<p>Emissions intensity of GDP in the base year [2005]: 0.531 tons CO<sub>2</sub>eq per thousand RM</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "NAM": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "NER": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "NGA": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "NIU": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "NOR": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "NPL": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "NRU": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "NZL": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "OMN": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "PAK": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "PAN": { | |
| "value": "Analysis in progress" | |
| }, | |
| "PER": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "PHL": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "PLW": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable; however Palau communicated that \"under the BAU scenario emissions would be 140 thousand tCO<sub>2</sub>e in 2025.\"" | |
| }, | |
| "PNG": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "PRK": { | |
| "value": "Analysis in progress" | |
| }, | |
| "PRY": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "QAT": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "RUS": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "RWA": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable " | |
| }, | |
| "SAU": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "SDN": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "SEN": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "SGP": { | |
| "value": "Singapore’s greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions per S$GDP (at 2010 prices) in 2005 is 0.176 kgCO<sub>2</sub>e/S$." | |
| }, | |
| "SLB": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "SLE": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable " | |
| }, | |
| "SLV": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "SMR": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "SOM": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "SSD": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "STP": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "SUR": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "SWZ": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "SYC": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "TCD": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "TGO": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "THA": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "TJK": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "TKM": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "TLS": { | |
| "value": "Analysis in progress" | |
| }, | |
| "TON": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "TTO": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "TUN": { | |
| "value": "0.541 tCO<sub>2</sub>e per 1000 Tunisian Dinar (DT) in 2010" | |
| }, | |
| "TUR": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "TUV": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "UGA": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "UKR": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "URY": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "VCT": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "VEN": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "VNM": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "VUT": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "WSM": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "YEM": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "ZAF": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "ZMB": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "ZWE": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| } | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "id": 15, | |
| "name": "Projected baseline emissions", | |
| "slug": "projected_baseline_emissions", | |
| "category_id": 1, | |
| "labels": {}, | |
| "locations": { | |
| "AFG": { | |
| "value": "48.9 MtCO<sub>2</sub>e in 2030" | |
| }, | |
| "AGO": { | |
| "value": "<table style=\"width: 100%;\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\"> <tbody> <tr> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"64%\"> <p> </p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"11%\"> <p>2020</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"11%\"> <p>2025</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"11%\"> <p>2030</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"64%\"> <p>Emissions – BAU scenario (ktCO<sub>2</sub>e)</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"11%\"> <p>125,778</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"11%\"> <p>155,819</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"11%\"> <p>193,250</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table>" | |
| }, | |
| "ALB": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "AND": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Émissions non absorbées du scénario Business as usual (530,55 Gg CO<sub>2</sub> éq., pour 2030), définies sur la base du Premier rapport bisannuel de l’Andorre à la Convention cadre de Nations unies sur les changements climatiques (2014).\"</p> <p>Unabsorbed emissions from the business-as-usual scenario (530.55 Gg CO<sub>2</sub> eq. in 2030), based on the First Biennial Report of Andorra to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (2014).</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "ARE": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "ARG": { | |
| "value": "670 M ton CO<sub>2</sub>-eq in year 2030" | |
| }, | |
| "ARM": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "ATG": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "AUS": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "AZE": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "BDI": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "BEN": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "BFA": { | |
| "value": "118,323 GgCO<sub>2</sub>e in 2030" | |
| }, | |
| "BGD": { | |
| "value": "<p>Under the Business As Usual (BAU) scenario, Bangladesh will emit 234 MtCO<sub>2</sub>e in 2030 from the power, transport and industry sectors.</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "BHR": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "BIH": { | |
| "value": "<p>Not Specified; however Bosnia and Herzegovina communicated:<br>\"according to the baseline scenario (BAU) in 2030 expected emissions are 20% higher than the level of emissions in 1990.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "BLR": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "BLZ": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "BOL": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "BRA": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "BRB": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "BRN": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified; Brunei communicated that \"with no action, the BAU scenario represents a 178% net increase in GHG emissions over 2012 levels.\"" | |
| }, | |
| "BTN": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "BWA": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "CAF": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"In 2050, the Central African Republic will emit around 189,271.8 ± 94,635.4 kt eq-CO<sub>2</sub>, i.e. 62.7% more than in 2010, with sectoral contributions of 68.4% for land use change and forestry; 13.4% for energy (10.7% of which is for wood energy); 13.4% for agriculture; 3.2% for water; and finally 1.6% for industrial processes and use of solvents.</p> <p>Taking into consideration the net rate of deforestation, which is 0.155% (EDF 2013), the country’s potential for sequestration will be 310,146.43 ± 155,073.22<a title=\"\" href=\"#_ftn1\">[1]</a> kt eq-CO<sub>2</sub> in 2050, while it was 330,000 kt eq-CO<sub>2</sub> in 2010, a reduction of 6.02%.</p> <p>However, it should be noted that the Central African Republic’s climate forecasts, which show an increase in rainfall and insolation, are favourable for the appearance of forest re-growth throughout the country. This phenomenon will increase the sequestration capacity of the forests.\"</p> <p><a title=\"\" href=\"#_ftnref1\">[1]</a> Uncertainties that are foreseen in the quality of the data on the activities of the land use change and forestry sector and the use of emission factors conform by default to the 2006 IPCC guidelines.</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "CAN": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "CHE": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "CHL": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "CHN": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "CMR": { | |
| "value": "<p>“Dans le scénario de référence, les émissions de GES atteignent 104 MtCO<sub>2</sub>-équ. en 2035, soit une hausse de 166% par rapport à 2010.”</p> <p>In the reference scenario, GHG emissions reach 104 MtCO<sub>2</sub>-eq. in 2035, an increase of 166% compared to 2010.</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "COD": { | |
| "value": "<p>430 MtCO<sub>2</sub>e</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "COG": { | |
| "value": "<p>2025: 16,984 ktCO<sub>2</sub>e</p> <p>2035: 34,527 ktCO<sub>2</sub>e</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "COK": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "COL": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"The reference level is the projected BAU scenario. This scenario was developed in 2015, starting from the quantified inventory of GHG emissions in 2010 and includes the following emissions pathway:</p><p>− 2010: 224 Mton of CO<sub>2</sub>eq<br />− 2020: 278 Mton of CO<sub>2</sub>eq<br />− 2030: 335 Mton of CO<sub>2</sub>eq\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "COM": { | |
| "value": "523,000 tCO<sub>2</sub>e" | |
| }, | |
| "CPV": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "CRI": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "CUB": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "DJI": { | |
| "value": "<p>4475 ktCO<sub>2</sub>e (in 2030)</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "DMA": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "DOM": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "DZA": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "ECU": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "EGY": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "ERI": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"The BAU scenario for all GHG gases expected to increase to: 5 MtCO<sub>2</sub>eq in 2020, 5.5 MtCO<sub>2</sub>eq in 2025 and in 2030 6.3 MtCO<sub>2</sub>eq.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "ETH": { | |
| "value": "400 MtCO<sub>2</sub>e in 2030" | |
| }, | |
| "EU28": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "FJI": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"A business as usual (BAU) scenario...would give total CO<sub>2</sub> emissions in 2030 from the energy sector of around 2500 Gg with an electricity sector CO<sub>2</sub> emission level of around 500 Gg.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "GAB": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "GEO": { | |
| "value": "<p>38.42 MtCO<sub>2</sub>eq in 2030</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "GHA": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Under BAU emissions are expected to rise from 19.53 MtCO2e in 2010 to 37.81 MtCO2e in 2020, to 53.5 MtCO2e in 2025 and 73.95MtCO2e in 2030.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "GIN": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "GMB": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "GNQ": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "GRD": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "GTM": { | |
| "value": "53.85 MtCO<sub>2</sub>e" | |
| }, | |
| "GUY": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "HND": { | |
| "value": "<p class=\"Default\">28,922 GgCO<sub>2</sub>e</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "HTI": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "IDN": { | |
| "value": "The BAU scenario is projected approximately 2.881 GtCO<sub>2</sub>e in 2030." | |
| }, | |
| "IND": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "IRN": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "IRQ": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified " | |
| }, | |
| "ISL": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "ISR": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "JAM": { | |
| "value": "<p>BAU emission in target year<br />2025:13,443 kT CO<sub>2</sub> eq<br />2030:14,492 kT CO<sub>2</sub> eq</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "JOR": { | |
| "value": "<p>51.028 MtCO<sub>2</sub>eq by 2030</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "JPN": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "KAZ": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "KEN": { | |
| "value": "Business-as-usual (BAU) emissions are estimated to be 143 MtCO<sub>2</sub>eq by 2030. This excludes future exploitation in the extractive sector." | |
| }, | |
| "KGZ": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "KHM": { | |
| "value": "<p>11,600 Gg CO<sub>2</sub>eq by 2030</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "KIR": { | |
| "value": "Not specified " | |
| }, | |
| "KNA": { | |
| "value": "<p>2025: 676 GgCO<sub>2</sub><br />2030: 836 GgCO<sub>2</sub></p>" | |
| }, | |
| "KOR": { | |
| "value": "782.5 MtCO<sub>2</sub>eq by 2020; 809.7 MtCO<sub>2</sub>eq by 2025; 850.6 MtCO<sub>2</sub>eq by 2030" | |
| }, | |
| "KWT": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "LAO": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "LBN": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "LBR": { | |
| "value": "<p>5,302,000 tCO<sub>2</sub>e in 2030</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "LCA": { | |
| "value": "<p>758 GgCO<sub>2</sub>-eq in 2025 and 816 GgCO<sub>2</sub>-eq in 2030, excluding LULUCF</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "LKA": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "LSO": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "MAR": { | |
| "value": "171 MtCO<sub>2</sub>e in 2030" | |
| }, | |
| "MCO": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "MDA": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "MDG": { | |
| "value": "<p>214 MtCO<sub>2</sub>e (gross), 22 MtCO<sub>2</sub>e (net)</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "MDV": { | |
| "value": "3.3 million tonnes CO<sub>2</sub> equivalent by year 2030" | |
| }, | |
| "MEX": { | |
| "value": "<p>2020: 906 MtCO<sub>2</sub>e (792 GHG and 114 BC / 127,177 metric tons)<br />2025: 1013 MtCO<sub>2</sub>e (888 GHG and 125 BC / 138,489 metric tons)<br />2030: 1110 MtCO<sub>2</sub>e (973 GHG and 137 BC / 152,332 metric tons)</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "MHL": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "MKD": { | |
| "value": "17663 kt CO<sub>2</sub>" | |
| }, | |
| "MLI": { | |
| "value": "<p>2020: -109,788,814 ktCO<sub>2</sub>e<br />2025: -69,327,889 ktCO<sub>2</sub>e<br />2030: -29,242,410 ktCO<sub>2</sub>e</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "MMR": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "MNE": { | |
| "value": "Not applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "MNG": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable; however Mongolia communicated its projected emissions in 2030 are 51.2 MtCO<sub>2</sub>eq." | |
| }, | |
| "MOZ": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "MRT": { | |
| "value": "18.84 MtCO<sub>2</sub>e" | |
| }, | |
| "MUS": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Business-As-Usual (BAU) emissions are estimated to be 7 MtCO<sub>2</sub>e by 2030.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "MWI": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "MYS": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "NAM": { | |
| "value": "<p>22 647 GgCO<sub>2</sub>-eq in 2030</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "NER": { | |
| "value": "<p>96,468 GgCO<sub>2</sub>eq</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "NGA": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Emissions are projected to grow 114% by 2030 to around 900 million tonnes – around 3.4 tonnes for every Nigerian. Under a high growth scenario, with economic growth at 7%, this climbs to over one billion tonnes.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "NIU": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "NOR": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "NPL": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "NRU": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable; however Nauru communicated that \"\"CO<sub>2</sub> emissions will increase from 57 kt p.a. in 2014 to close to 80 kt p.a. in 2030.\"" | |
| }, | |
| "NZL": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "OMN": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable; however Oman communicated that \"ln the absence of INDC, GHG is expected to be 90524 Gg in year 2030.\"" | |
| }, | |
| "PAK": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "PAN": { | |
| "value": "Analysis in progress" | |
| }, | |
| "PER": { | |
| "value": "Emissions (MtCO<sub>2</sub>eq) including LULUCF in 2030: 298.3<br />Emissions (MtCO<sub>2</sub>eq) excluding LULUCF in 2030: 139.3" | |
| }, | |
| "PHL": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "PLW": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "PNG": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "PRK": { | |
| "value": "Analysis in progress" | |
| }, | |
| "PRY": { | |
| "value": "<p>416 MtCO<sub>2</sub>e</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "QAT": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "RUS": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "RWA": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "SAU": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "SDN": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "SEN": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "SGP": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "SLB": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "SLE": { | |
| "value": "<p>Not Applicable, however Sierra Leone communicated that \"GHG emissions are projected to increase to about 4.8MtCO<sub>2</sub>Eq in 2015 and to about 6.6MtCO<sub>2</sub>Eq in 2030. The major greenhouse gas emitted is Methane (CH4) with projected emissions of 3.7MtCO<sub>2</sub>Eq in 2015 and about 5.0MtCO<sub>2</sub>Eq in 2030. The largest emitting sectors are Agriculture and Waste and between them, they are projected to emit between 95 to 98% of the projected national emissions from 2015 to 2030. The largest emitting category is Waste Management and will be responsible for about 54% of the total projected emissions in 2015 and 56% in 2030. Waste Management is projected to emit 2.6MtCO<sub>2</sub>Eq in 2015 and 3.7MtCO<sub>2</sub>Eq in 2030.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "SLV": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "SMR": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "SOM": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "SSD": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "STP": { | |
| "value": "<p>In 2030, it is expected that national emissions will be about 240 ktCO<sub>2</sub>eq, according to the BAU scenario. Net emissions from LULUCF under the BAU scenario are expected to be around -630 ktCO<sub>2</sub>eq, indicating that STP will continue to be a carbon sink country, in which net absorptions will be - 400 ktCO<sub>2</sub>eq.</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "SUR": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "SWZ": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "SYC": { | |
| "value": "GHG emissions in 2030: 911,985 tCO<sub>2</sub><br />Removal capacity in 2030: 773,896 tCO<sub>2</sub>" | |
| }, | |
| "TCD": { | |
| "value": "<p>28,659.37 GgCO<sub>2</sub>e</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "TGO": { | |
| "value": "38861.36 GgCO<sub>2</sub>e" | |
| }, | |
| "THA": { | |
| "value": "<p>Approx. 555 MtCO<sub>2</sub>e in 2030</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "TJK": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "TKM": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "TLS": { | |
| "value": "Analysis in progress" | |
| }, | |
| "TON": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "TTO": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "TUN": { | |
| "value": "Not applicable; however Tunisia communicated that its projected baseline scenario emissions in 2030 will be 68.2 MtCO<sub>2</sub>e." | |
| }, | |
| "TUR": { | |
| "value": "1175 MtCO<sub>2</sub>e in 2030" | |
| }, | |
| "TUV": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "UGA": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable; however Uganda communicated that:<br> \"The Business As Usual emissions projection for Uganda, including Land Use Land Use Change and Forestry, is 77.3 Million tons of carbon dioxide equivalent per year (MtCO<sub>2</sub>eq/yr) in 2030.\"" | |
| }, | |
| "UKR": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "URY": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "VCT": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "VEN": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "VNM": { | |
| "value": "<p>Projections for 2020 and 2030 (not included industrial processes):</p> <ul> <li>2020: 474.1 million tCO<sub>2</sub>e</li> <li>2030: 787.4 million tCO<sub>2</sub>e</li> </ul>" | |
| }, | |
| "VUT": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "WSM": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "YEM": { | |
| "value": "43.81 MtCO<sub>2</sub>e in 2030.<table style=\"width: 100%;\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\"> <tbody> <tr> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"49%\"> <p> </p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"8%\"> <p>2010</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"8%\"> <p>2020</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"8%\"> <p>2025</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"8%\"> <p>2030</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"8%\"> <p>Total (2010-2030)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"49%\"> <p>Emissions- BAU (Mt Carbon Dioxide equivalent)</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"8%\"> <p>24.18</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"8%\"> <p>35.94</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"8%\"> <p>39.68</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"8%\"> <p>43.81</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"18%\"> <p>437.30</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table>" | |
| }, | |
| "ZAF": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "ZMB": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "ZWE": { | |
| "value": "<p>3,313 kg CO<sub>2</sub>e per capita in 2030</p>" | |
| } | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "id": 16, | |
| "name": "Target year(s)/period", | |
| "slug": "target_yearsperiod", | |
| "category_id": 2, | |
| "labels": { | |
| "32": { | |
| "name": "2025", | |
| "color": "#003F6A" | |
| }, | |
| "33": { | |
| "name": "2030", | |
| "color": "#007A4D" | |
| }, | |
| "34": { | |
| "name": "2035", | |
| "color": "#0099CC" | |
| }, | |
| "35": { | |
| "name": "2025 and 2030", | |
| "color": "#F0AB00" | |
| }, | |
| "36": { | |
| "name": "Other", | |
| "color": "#97BD3D" | |
| }, | |
| "37": { | |
| "name": "Not Applicable", | |
| "color": "#9b9b9b" | |
| }, | |
| "38": { | |
| "name": "No INDC submitted", | |
| "color": "#E1E1E1" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "locations": { | |
| "AFG": { | |
| "value": "2030", | |
| "label_id": 33 | |
| }, | |
| "AGO": { | |
| "value": "2030", | |
| "label_id": 33 | |
| }, | |
| "ALB": { | |
| "value": "2030", | |
| "label_id": 33 | |
| }, | |
| "AND": { | |
| "value": "Du 1er janvier 2016 au 31 décembre 2030.<br />From 1 January 2016 to 31 December 2030.", | |
| "label_id": 33 | |
| }, | |
| "ARE": { | |
| "value": "2021", | |
| "label_id": 36 | |
| }, | |
| "ARG": { | |
| "value": "2030", | |
| "label_id": 33 | |
| }, | |
| "ARM": { | |
| "value": "2015-2050", | |
| "label_id": 36 | |
| }, | |
| "ATG": { | |
| "value": "2030", | |
| "label_id": 33 | |
| }, | |
| "AUS": { | |
| "value": "2021 to 2030", | |
| "label_id": 33 | |
| }, | |
| "AZE": { | |
| "value": "2030", | |
| "label_id": 33 | |
| }, | |
| "BDI": { | |
| "value": "2030", | |
| "label_id": 33 | |
| }, | |
| "BEN": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 37 | |
| }, | |
| "BFA": { | |
| "value": "<p>2030</p> <p>Determination and justification of the target year: \"Burkina has chosen 2030 as the target year, given that this date coincides with the second Millennium Development Goals meeting. In addition, the government of Burkina Faso has adhered to the “Sustainable Energy for All (SE4ALL)” initiative of the United Nations Secretary General, which aims to achieve three major objectives between now and 2030:</p> <ul> <li>Assure universal access to modern energy services.</li> <li>Double the rate of improvement of energy efficiency.</li> <li>Double the share of renewable energy in the world energy mix.\"</li> </ul>", | |
| "label_id": 33 | |
| }, | |
| "BGD": { | |
| "value": "2030", | |
| "label_id": 33 | |
| }, | |
| "BHR": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 37 | |
| }, | |
| "BIH": { | |
| "value": "2030", | |
| "label_id": 33 | |
| }, | |
| "BLR": { | |
| "value": "Taking into account the National Sustainable Development Strategy until 2030, the year 2030 is taken as the target year for these commitments.<br />Therefore, the validity period of all commitments and targets of this document covers the period from 1 January 2021 to 31 December 2030.", | |
| "label_id": 33 | |
| }, | |
| "BLZ": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 37 | |
| }, | |
| "BOL": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 37 | |
| }, | |
| "BRA": { | |
| "value": "2025", | |
| "label_id": 32 | |
| }, | |
| "BRB": { | |
| "value": "2030 (with an interim target in 2025)", | |
| "label_id": 35 | |
| }, | |
| "BRN": { | |
| "value": "2035", | |
| "label_id": 34 | |
| }, | |
| "BTN": { | |
| "value": "Ongoing (“for all time”)", | |
| "label_id": 36 | |
| }, | |
| "BWA": { | |
| "value": "2030", | |
| "label_id": 33 | |
| }, | |
| "CAF": { | |
| "value": "2030 and 2050", | |
| "label_id": 33 | |
| }, | |
| "CAN": { | |
| "value": "2030", | |
| "label_id": 33 | |
| }, | |
| "CHE": { | |
| "value": "Until 2030", | |
| "label_id": 33 | |
| }, | |
| "CHL": { | |
| "value": "2030", | |
| "label_id": 33 | |
| }, | |
| "CHN": { | |
| "value": "2030", | |
| "label_id": 33 | |
| }, | |
| "CMR": { | |
| "value": "2035", | |
| "label_id": 34 | |
| }, | |
| "COD": { | |
| "value": "2030", | |
| "label_id": 33 | |
| }, | |
| "COG": { | |
| "value": "2025 and 2035", | |
| "label_id": 36 | |
| }, | |
| "COK": { | |
| "value": "2020 for unconditional GHG target, 2030 for conditional GHG target<br>2020 for the non-GHG target", | |
| "label_id": 36 | |
| }, | |
| "COL": { | |
| "value": "<p>2030</p><p>\"Based on the outcome of the climate negotiations in Paris in the COP 21, Colombia will consider communicating an indicative target for 2025, consistent with its 2030 target.\"</p>", | |
| "label_id": 33 | |
| }, | |
| "COM": { | |
| "value": "2030", | |
| "label_id": 33 | |
| }, | |
| "CPV": { | |
| "value": "2025 and 2030", | |
| "label_id": 35 | |
| }, | |
| "CRI": { | |
| "value": "2030", | |
| "label_id": 33 | |
| }, | |
| "CUB": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 37 | |
| }, | |
| "DJI": { | |
| "value": "2030", | |
| "label_id": 33 | |
| }, | |
| "DMA": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Beginning in 2016...\"</p>", | |
| "label_id": 35 | |
| }, | |
| "DOM": { | |
| "value": "The implementation period is 2010-2030, with a review every five years.", | |
| "label_id": 33 | |
| }, | |
| "DZA": { | |
| "value": "2030", | |
| "label_id": 33 | |
| }, | |
| "ECU": { | |
| "value": "2025", | |
| "label_id": 32 | |
| }, | |
| "EGY": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 37 | |
| }, | |
| "ERI": { | |
| "value": "2030", | |
| "label_id": 35 | |
| }, | |
| "ETH": { | |
| "value": "2030", | |
| "label_id": 33 | |
| }, | |
| "EU28": { | |
| "value": "1 January 2021- 31 December 2030", | |
| "label_id": 33 | |
| }, | |
| "FJI": { | |
| "value": "Target year: 2030<br />Period for defining actions: Start year: 2020; End year: 2030", | |
| "label_id": 33 | |
| }, | |
| "GAB": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"2010-2025 (période du Plan Stratégique Gabon Emergent)\"<br /> \"Ces analyses seront prolongées sur 2030, voire 2050 dans le cadre des études complémentaires qui seront menées avant la COP21.\"</p> <p>2010-2025 (period of the Strategic Plan for an Emerging Gabon). The commitment could be extended to 2030 and even 2050 based on additional studies that will be carried out by COP21.</p>", | |
| "label_id": 32 | |
| }, | |
| "GEO": { | |
| "value": "2030", | |
| "label_id": 33 | |
| }, | |
| "GHA": { | |
| "value": "<p>2030 <p> <p>\"Time of implementation of emission reduction programmes is up to 2030 subject to review in 2025.\"</p>", | |
| "label_id": 33 | |
| }, | |
| "GIN": { | |
| "value": "2030<br>Commitment period: 2016-2030", | |
| "label_id": 33 | |
| }, | |
| "GMB": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 37 | |
| }, | |
| "GNQ": { | |
| "value": "2030", | |
| "label_id": 33 | |
| }, | |
| "GRD": { | |
| "value": "Grenada’s target is for 2025. Indicative target is 2030", | |
| "label_id": 35 | |
| }, | |
| "GTM": { | |
| "value": "2030", | |
| "label_id": 33 | |
| }, | |
| "GUY": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 37 | |
| }, | |
| "HND": { | |
| "value": "2030", | |
| "label_id": 33 | |
| }, | |
| "HTI": { | |
| "value": "2030", | |
| "label_id": 33 | |
| }, | |
| "IDN": { | |
| "value": "2030", | |
| "label_id": 33 | |
| }, | |
| "IND": { | |
| "value": "2030", | |
| "label_id": 33 | |
| }, | |
| "IRN": { | |
| "value": "Target year: 2030<br>Time frame: 1st, January 2021 to 31st, December 2030;", | |
| "label_id": 33 | |
| }, | |
| "IRQ": { | |
| "value": "2035", | |
| "label_id": 34 | |
| }, | |
| "ISL": { | |
| "value": "2021-2030 ", | |
| "label_id": 33 | |
| }, | |
| "ISR": { | |
| "value": "2025 and 2030", | |
| "label_id": 35 | |
| }, | |
| "JAM": { | |
| "value": "Timeframe and/or period for implementation: 2005 - 2030 (with an interim target in 2025)", | |
| "label_id": 35 | |
| }, | |
| "JOR": { | |
| "value": "Time frame of the commitmentis until end of 2030. The quantified commitment by 2030 is relevant to the GHGs reduction targets while the other packages of mitigation actions (and tied KPI-based targets) are anticipated to be achieved by 2025 based on timeframe adopted by Jordan 2025-a National Vision and Strategy (launched in 2015).", | |
| "label_id": 33 | |
| }, | |
| "JPN": { | |
| "value": "Target year: Japan’s FY 2030<br />Period for implementation: from April 1, 2021 to March 31, 2031 (FY 2021 to FY 2030)", | |
| "label_id": 33 | |
| }, | |
| "KAZ": { | |
| "value": "Period: 1 January 2021 – 31 December 2030", | |
| "label_id": 33 | |
| }, | |
| "KEN": { | |
| "value": "The timeframe for implementation of the INDC is up to 2030. ", | |
| "label_id": 33 | |
| }, | |
| "KGZ": { | |
| "value": "Time frame: January 1, 2020 - December 31, 2030, and 2050", | |
| "label_id": 33 | |
| }, | |
| "KHM": { | |
| "value": "2030", | |
| "label_id": 33 | |
| }, | |
| "KIR": { | |
| "value": "2025 and 2030", | |
| "label_id": 35 | |
| }, | |
| "KNA": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"The time frame to implement the iNDC is from 2020-2030, mid-term review in 2025.\"</p>", | |
| "label_id": 35 | |
| }, | |
| "KOR": { | |
| "value": "2030", | |
| "label_id": 33 | |
| }, | |
| "KWT": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 37 | |
| }, | |
| "LAO": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable " | |
| }, | |
| "LBN": { | |
| "value": "Implementation Period: 2020-2030", | |
| "label_id": 33 | |
| }, | |
| "LBR": { | |
| "value": "2030", | |
| "label_id": 33 | |
| }, | |
| "LCA": { | |
| "value": "2030, with intermediate target in 2025", | |
| "label_id": 35 | |
| }, | |
| "LKA": { | |
| "value": "Target year: 2030<br>Target period: 2021-2030", | |
| "label_id": 33 | |
| }, | |
| "LSO": { | |
| "value": "2030", | |
| "label_id": 33 | |
| }, | |
| "MAR": { | |
| "value": "2030", | |
| "label_id": 33 | |
| }, | |
| "MCO": { | |
| "value": "2030", | |
| "label_id": 33 | |
| }, | |
| "MDA": { | |
| "value": "2030", | |
| "label_id": 33 | |
| }, | |
| "MDG": { | |
| "value": "2030", | |
| "label_id": 33 | |
| }, | |
| "MDV": { | |
| "value": "Timeframe: 2021-2030", | |
| "label_id": 33 | |
| }, | |
| "MEX": { | |
| "value": "2030", | |
| "label_id": 33 | |
| }, | |
| "MHL": { | |
| "value": "Timeframe and/or period for implementation: Start year: 2020; End year/target year: 2025<br>RMI also communicated a indicative target for 2030.", | |
| "label_id": 35 | |
| }, | |
| "MKD": { | |
| "value": "2030", | |
| "label_id": 33 | |
| }, | |
| "MLI": { | |
| "value": "2025 and 2030", | |
| "label_id": 35 | |
| }, | |
| "MMR": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 37 | |
| }, | |
| "MNE": { | |
| "value": "2030", | |
| "label_id": 33 | |
| }, | |
| "MNG": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 37 | |
| }, | |
| "MOZ": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 37 | |
| }, | |
| "MRT": { | |
| "value": "2030", | |
| "label_id": 33 | |
| }, | |
| "MUS": { | |
| "value": "2030", | |
| "label_id": 33 | |
| }, | |
| "MWI": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 37 | |
| }, | |
| "MYS": { | |
| "value": "Target year: 2030<br />Time frame for implementation: 10 years – 2021 to 2030", | |
| "label_id": 33 | |
| }, | |
| "NAM": { | |
| "value": "2030", | |
| "label_id": 33 | |
| }, | |
| "NER": { | |
| "value": "2030", | |
| "label_id": 33 | |
| }, | |
| "NGA": { | |
| "value": "2030", | |
| "label_id": 33 | |
| }, | |
| "NIU": { | |
| "value": "Period for defining contribution (outcomes): 2020, 2025", | |
| "label_id": 36 | |
| }, | |
| "NOR": { | |
| "value": "2021-2030", | |
| "label_id": 33 | |
| }, | |
| "NPL": { | |
| "value": "2050 for the renewable energy target; Not specified for other targets.", | |
| "label_id": 36 | |
| }, | |
| "NRU": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified", | |
| "label_id": 36 | |
| }, | |
| "NZL": { | |
| "value": "Time period: 2021 to 2030", | |
| "label_id": 33 | |
| }, | |
| "OMN": { | |
| "value": "Target year: 2030<br>Timeframe or time period: 2020 to 2030", | |
| "label_id": 33 | |
| }, | |
| "PAK": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 37 | |
| }, | |
| "PAN": { | |
| "value": "Analysis in progress" | |
| }, | |
| "PER": { | |
| "value": "The period for implementation covers January 1st, 2021 to December 31st, 2030", | |
| "label_id": 33 | |
| }, | |
| "PHL": { | |
| "value": "2030", | |
| "label_id": 33 | |
| }, | |
| "PLW": { | |
| "value": "Target year: 2025<br>Timeframe: Start year: 2020; End year: 2025", | |
| "label_id": 32 | |
| }, | |
| "PNG": { | |
| "value": "2030", | |
| "label_id": 33 | |
| }, | |
| "PRK": { | |
| "value": "Analysis in progress" | |
| }, | |
| "PRY": { | |
| "value": "2030", | |
| "label_id": 33 | |
| }, | |
| "QAT": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 37 | |
| }, | |
| "RUS": { | |
| "value": "1 January 2020 — 31 December 2030", | |
| "label_id": 33 | |
| }, | |
| "RWA": { | |
| "value": "Up to 2030", | |
| "label_id": 33 | |
| }, | |
| "SAU": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 37 | |
| }, | |
| "SDN": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 37 | |
| }, | |
| "SEN": { | |
| "value": "2025 and 2030", | |
| "label_id": 35 | |
| }, | |
| "SGP": { | |
| "value": "Beginning 2021 to end 2030", | |
| "label_id": 33 | |
| }, | |
| "SLB": { | |
| "value": "2025 and 2030", | |
| "label_id": 35 | |
| }, | |
| "SLE": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable " | |
| }, | |
| "SLV": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 37 | |
| }, | |
| "SMR": { | |
| "value": "2030", | |
| "label_id": 33 | |
| }, | |
| "SOM": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 37 | |
| }, | |
| "SSD": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 37 | |
| }, | |
| "STP": { | |
| "value": "Target year: 2030<br>Timeframe: 2020-2030", | |
| "label_id": 33 | |
| }, | |
| "SUR": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 37 | |
| }, | |
| "SWZ": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 37 | |
| }, | |
| "SYC": { | |
| "value": "Time frame and /or period for implementation:<br />Start year: 2020; Mid-term year: 2025; End year: 2030", | |
| "label_id": 35 | |
| }, | |
| "TCD": { | |
| "value": "2030", | |
| "label_id": 33 | |
| }, | |
| "TGO": { | |
| "value": "<p>Target year: 2030</p> <p>Period of commitment: 2020-2030. However, efforts to set up the institutional mechanism, prepare the programmes and mobilize the resources will be beginning in 2016.</p>", | |
| "label_id": 33 | |
| }, | |
| "THA": { | |
| "value": "2030", | |
| "label_id": 33 | |
| }, | |
| "TJK": { | |
| "value": "2030", | |
| "label_id": 33 | |
| }, | |
| "TKM": { | |
| "value": "2030", | |
| "label_id": 33 | |
| }, | |
| "TLS": { | |
| "value": "Analysis in progress" | |
| }, | |
| "TON": { | |
| "value": "Contribution year/s: 2020, 2030<br />Implementation period: 2015 – 2030.", | |
| "label_id": 36 | |
| }, | |
| "TTO": { | |
| "value": "12/31/2030", | |
| "label_id": 33 | |
| }, | |
| "TUN": { | |
| "value": "2030", | |
| "label_id": 33 | |
| }, | |
| "TUR": { | |
| "value": "Period for Implementation or Contribution: 2021-2030", | |
| "label_id": 33 | |
| }, | |
| "TUV": { | |
| "value": "2025<br>Period for defining actions: Start year: 2020; End year: 2025", | |
| "label_id": 32 | |
| }, | |
| "UGA": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable", | |
| "label_id": 37 | |
| }, | |
| "UKR": { | |
| "value": "2030", | |
| "label_id": 33 | |
| }, | |
| "URY": { | |
| "value": "2030", | |
| "label_id": 33 | |
| }, | |
| "VCT": { | |
| "value": "2025", | |
| "label_id": 32 | |
| }, | |
| "VEN": { | |
| "value": "2030", | |
| "label_id": 33 | |
| }, | |
| "VNM": { | |
| "value": "Target year: 2030<br>Period: From 01/01/2021 to 31/12/2030", | |
| "label_id": 33 | |
| }, | |
| "VUT": { | |
| "value": "2030", | |
| "label_id": 33 | |
| }, | |
| "WSM": { | |
| "value": "2025", | |
| "label_id": 32 | |
| }, | |
| "YEM": { | |
| "value": "2030", | |
| "label_id": 33 | |
| }, | |
| "ZAF": { | |
| "value": "The time-frames within the PPD trajectory range that are communicated in South Africa’s INDC are 2025 and 2030, in which emissions will be in a range between 398 and 614 Mt CO<sub>2</sub>-eq.", | |
| "label_id": 35 | |
| }, | |
| "ZMB": { | |
| "value": "2030", | |
| "label_id": 33 | |
| }, | |
| "ZWE": { | |
| "value": "2030", | |
| "label_id": 33 | |
| } | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "id": 17, | |
| "name": "Target level of emissions", | |
| "slug": "target_level_of_emissions", | |
| "category_id": 2, | |
| "labels": {}, | |
| "locations": { | |
| "AFG": { | |
| "value": "42.7 MtCO<sub>2</sub>e in 2030" | |
| }, | |
| "AGO": { | |
| "value": "<table style=\"width: 100%;\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\"> <tbody> <tr> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"60%\"> <p> </p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"13%\"> <p>2020</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"13%\"> <p>2025</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"13%\"> <p>2030</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"60%\"> <p>Emissions - Unconditional scenario (ktCO<sub>2</sub>e)</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"13%\"> <p>125,778</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"13%\"> <p>124,656<br />(-20%*)</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"13%\"> <p>125,612<br />(-35%*)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"60%\"> <p>Emissions - Conditional scenario (ktCO<sub>2</sub>e)</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"13%\"> <p>125,778</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"13%\"> <p>113748<br />(-27%*)</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"13%\"> <p>96625<br />(-50%*)</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table><p>*From the baseline scenario.</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "ALB": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "AND": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "ARE": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "ARG": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "ARM": { | |
| "value": "<p>633 million tons carbon dioxide equivalent for the period of 2015-2050.</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "ATG": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "AUS": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "AZE": { | |
| "value": "<p>Not Specified, although Azerbaijan communicated that the following emission reductions will be achieved by 2030, relative to the 1990 base year:</p><p>\"25,666 Gg CO<sub>2</sub> equivalent (excluding LULUCF)\"</p><p>\"24,374 Gg CO<sub>2</sub> equivalent (including LULUCF)\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "BDI": { | |
| "value": "<p>Not Specified; Burundi communicated \"Total reduction in emissions by 2030: 1,958 Gg CO<sub>2</sub>e for the unconditional objective and 14,897 Gg CO<sub>2</sub>e for the conditional objective.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "BEN": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "BFA": { | |
| "value": "<p>Not Specified; Burkina Faso communicated the following:</p> <p>Change in emissions (BaU) and percentage of reduction by scenario</p> <table style=\"width: 100%;\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\"> <tbody> <tr> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"47%\"> <p> </p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"10%\"> <p>2007</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"10%\"> <p>2015</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"10%\"> <p>2020</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"11%\"> <p>2025</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"11%\"> <p>2030</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"47%\"> <p>BaU (in Gg)</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"10%\"> <p>21,916</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"10%\"> <p>75,633</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"10%\"> <p>92,062</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"11%\"> <p>105,316</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"11%\"> <p>118,323</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"47%\"> <p>Unconditional scenario (reduction in Gg)</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"10%\"> <p> </p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"10%\"> <p>－</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"10%\"> <p>5,133</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"11%\"> <p>6,608</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"11%\"> <p>7,808</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"47%\"> <p>Unconditional scenario (reduction in %)</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"10%\"> <p> </p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"10%\"> <p>0%</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"10%\"> <p>5.58%</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"11%\"> <p>6.27%</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"11%\"> <p>6.60%</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"47%\"> <p>Conditional scenario (reduction in Gg)</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"10%\"> <p> </p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"10%\"> <p> </p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"10%\"> <p>10,953</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"11%\"> <p>11,829</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"11%\"> <p>13,766</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"47%\"> <p>Conditional scenario (reduction in %)</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"10%\"> <p> </p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"10%\"> <p>0%</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"10%\"> <p>11.9%</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"11%\"> <p>11.2%</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"11%\"> <p>11.6%</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table>" | |
| }, | |
| "BGD": { | |
| "value": "<p>Under Bangladesh's unconditional contribution scenario (which is a 5% reduction below BAU), the country will emit 222 MtCO<sub>2</sub>e in 2030 from the power, transport and industry sectors.</p><p>Under Bangladesh's conditional contribution scenario (which is a 15% reduction below BAU), the country will emit 198 MtCO<sub>2</sub>e in 2030 from the power, transport and industry sectors." | |
| }, | |
| "BHR": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "BIH": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "BLR": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "BLZ": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "BOL": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "BRA": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"This contribution is consistent with emission levels of 1.3 GtCO<sub>2</sub>e (GWP-100; IPCC AR5)in 2025 and 1.2 GtCO<sub>2</sub>e (GWP-100; IPCC AR5)in 2030, corresponding, respectively, to a reduction of 37% and 43%, based on estimated emission levels of 2.1 GtCO<sub>2</sub>e (GWP- 100; IPCC AR5) in 2005.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "BRB": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "BRN": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "BTN": { | |
| "value": "Bhutan intends to remain carbon neutral where emission of greenhouse gases will not exceed carbon sequestration by our forests, which is estimated at 6.3 million tons of CO<sub>2</sub>." | |
| }, | |
| "BWA": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "CAF": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "CAN": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "CHE": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "CHL": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "CHN": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "CMR": { | |
| "value": "<p>“Dans le scénario CPDN, l’augmentation des émissions est contenue à 71 MtCO<sub>2</sub>-équ. en 2035, soit une hausse de 82% par rapport à 2010 (39 MtCO<sub>2</sub>-équ.).”</p> <p>In the INDC scenario, the increase in emissions is limited to 71 MtCO<sub>2</sub>-eq. in 2035, an increase of 82% compared to 2010 (39 MtCO<sub>2</sub>-eq.).</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "COD": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "COG": { | |
| "value": "<p>2025: 8,793 ktCO<sub>2</sub>e</p> <p>2035: 15,858 ktCO<sub>2</sub>e</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "COK": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "COL": { | |
| "value": "268 Mton CO<sub>2</sub>eq in 2030 (estimated)" | |
| }, | |
| "COM": { | |
| "value": "441,000 tCO<sub>2</sub>e" | |
| }, | |
| "CPV": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "CRI": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Net Emissions [of] 9,374,000 tCO<sub>2</sub>e by 2030\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "CUB": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "DJI": { | |
| "value": "<p>2685 ktCO<sub>2</sub>e (unconditional), 1790 ktCO<sub>2</sub>e (conditional) (in 2030)</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "DMA": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "DOM": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "DZA": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "ECU": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "EGY": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "ERI": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Eritrea intends to limit its net greenhouse gas (GHGs) emissions in 2030 to less than 3.9 MtCO<sub>2</sub>eq.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "ETH": { | |
| "value": "145 Mt CO<sub>2</sub>e or lower" | |
| }, | |
| "EU28": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "FJI": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"With the energy sector reductions the emissions in 2030 would thus be around 1800 Gg.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "GAB": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "GEO": { | |
| "value": "<p>32.66 MtCO<sub>2</sub>eq in 2030</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "GHA": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Under the unconditional emission reduction goal, emissions are expected to decrease by 12 percent and 15 percent relative to the BAU emission levels in 2025 and 2030 respectively.\"</p> <p>\"A similar emission trajectory is anticipated under the \"conditional emission reduction goal\" except that the degree of deviation relative to the BAU emission is higher compared to the projections under the unconditional goal. Under the \"conditional emission reduction goal\", emissions are expected to decrease by 27 percent and 45 percent relative to the BAU emissions in 2025 and 2030 respectively.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "GIN": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "GMB": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "GNQ": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "GRD": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "GTM": { | |
| "value": "<p>Unconditional: 47.81 MtCO<sub>2</sub>e<br />Conditional: 41.66 MtCO<sub>2</sub>e</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "GUY": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "HND": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "HTI": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "IDN": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "IND": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "IRN": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "IRQ": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "ISL": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "ISR": { | |
| "value": "81.65 MtCO<sub>2</sub>e in 2030" | |
| }, | |
| "JAM": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Unconditional contribution: 7.8% below BAU by 2030<br />2025: 12,370 kT CO<sub>2</sub> eq<br />2030: 13,368 kT CO<sub>2</sub> eq</p> <p>Conditional contribution contingent on international support: 10% below BAU by 2030<br />2025: 12,099 kT CO<sub>2</sub> eq<br />2030: 13,043 kT CO<sub>2</sub> eq\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "JOR": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "JPN": { | |
| "value": "Approximately 1.042 billion t-CO<sub>2</sub> eq. as 2030 emissions" | |
| }, | |
| "KAZ": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "KEN": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "KGZ": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "KHM": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "KIR": { | |
| "value": "<p>Not Specified; however, Kiribati states that <p><p>\"In addition to the carbon storage in the ocean ecosystem, Kiribati's unconditional contribution will reduce emissions by 10,090 tCO<sub>2</sub>e annually throughout the period 2020 to 2030.</p> <p>Kiribati's conditional contribution (with international assistance) will reduce emissions by 35,880 tCO<sub>2</sub>e annually by 2025, and by 38,420 tCO<sub>2</sub>e annually by 2030.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "KNA": { | |
| "value": "<p>2025: 528 GgCO<sub>2</sub><br />2030: 540 GgCO<sub>2</sub></p>" | |
| }, | |
| "KOR": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "KWT": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "LAO": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified " | |
| }, | |
| "LBN": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "LBR": { | |
| "value": "<p>4,505,000 tCO<sub>2</sub>e in 2030</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "LCA": { | |
| "value": "<p>Not Specified; however Saint Lucia communicated</p><p>\"Estimated Impact of Emissions Reductions interventions</p> <ul> <li>Reduction of 121 GgCO<sub>2</sub>-eq by 2025</li> <li>Reduction of 188 GgCO<sub>2</sub>-eq by 2030.</li> </ul>" | |
| }, | |
| "LKA": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "LSO": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "MAR": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "MCO": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "MDA": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "MDG": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "MDV": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "MEX": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "MHL": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "MKD": { | |
| "value": "12435 kt CO<sub>2</sub> if 30% reduction achieved, 11359 kt CO<sub>2</sub> if 36% reduction achieved." | |
| }, | |
| "MLI": { | |
| "value": "<p>“Scénario d’atténuation conditionnel”/Conditional mitigation scenario:<br />2020: -109,788,814 ktCO<sub>2</sub>e<br />2025: -95,494,305 ktCO<sub>2</sub>e<br />2030: -84,937,087 ktCO<sub>2</sub>e</p> <p>“Scénario d’atténuation inconditionnel”/Unconditional mitigation scenario:<br />2020: -109,788,814 ktCO<sub>2</sub>e<br />2025: -79,727,072 ktCO<sub>2</sub>e<br />2030: -33,628,772 ktCO<sub>2</sub>e</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "MMR": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "MNE": { | |
| "value": "<p>Monenegro pledges to reduce its emissions to levels of 3667 ktCO<sub>2</sub>e or below by 2030.</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "MNG": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "MOZ": { | |
| "value": "<p>Not specified, however Mozambique communicated that \"based on the policy actions and programmes outlined above, the country estimates, on a preliminary basis, the total reduction of about 76,5 MtCO<sub>2</sub>eq in the period from 2020 to 2030, with 23,0 MtCO<sub>2</sub>eq by 2024 and 53,4 MtCO<sub>2</sub>eq from 2025 to 2030. These reductions are estimates with a significant level of uncertainty and will be updated with the results from the BUR to be available by early 2018.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "MRT": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified " | |
| }, | |
| "MUS": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified." | |
| }, | |
| "MWI": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "MYS": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "NAM": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "NER": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "NGA": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "NIU": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"A 38% renewable energy contribution in 2020 would equate to a reduction of 364,000 litres of diesel per annum, or approximately 1.2 Gg CO<sub>2</sub>e per annum.</p> <p>An 80% renewable energy contribution in 2020 would equate to a reduction of 977,000 litres of diesel per annum, or approximately 3.1 Gg CO<sub>2</sub>e per annum.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "NOR": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "NPL": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "NRU": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "NZL": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "OMN": { | |
| "value": "88714 Gg in 2030" | |
| }, | |
| "PAK": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "PAN": { | |
| "value": "Analysis in progress" | |
| }, | |
| "PER": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "PHL": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "PLW": { | |
| "value": "68 thousand tCO<sub>2</sub>e in 2025 if both the renewable energy and energy efficiency targets are met.<br>See Palau's full INDC submission for chart \"Business-As Usual emissions projection against INDC full implementation emissions projection (and Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency scenarios disaggregated).\"" | |
| }, | |
| "PNG": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "PRK": { | |
| "value": "Analysis in progress" | |
| }, | |
| "PRY": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "QAT": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "RUS": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "RWA": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "SAU": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "SDN": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "SEN": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "SGP": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "SLB": { | |
| "value": "<p>Not Specified; however Soloman Islands communicated \"Estiamted, quantified emissions impact\":</p> <p>\"In addition to the carbon storage in the forest and ocean ecosystem, Solomon Islands unconditional contribution will reduce 8,300 tCO<sub>2</sub>e annually.</p> <p>Solomon Islands’ conditional contribution (with international assistance) will reduce emissions by 18,800 tCO<sub>2</sub>e annually by 2025, and by 31,125 tCO<sub>2</sub>e annually by 2030.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "SLE": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified, however the INDCSierra Leon intends to maintain the emission levels of Sierra Leone relatively Low (close to the world average of 7.58 MtCO<sub>2</sub>e) by 2035." | |
| }, | |
| "SLV": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "SMR": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "SOM": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "SSD": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "STP": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "SUR": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "SWZ": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "SYC": { | |
| "value": "Seychelles will be a net sink of GHGs by about 50 ktCO<sub>2</sub> in 2030 with its contributions." | |
| }, | |
| "TCD": { | |
| "value": "<p>Unconditional target: 23,449.07 GgCO<sub>2</sub>e</p> <p>Conditional target: 8,299.45 GgCO<sub>2</sub>e</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "TGO": { | |
| "value": "<p>Unconditional target: 34533.28 GgCO<sub>2</sub>e</p><p>Conditional target: 27626.62 GgCO<sub>2</sub>e</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "THA": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "TJK": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "TKM": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"According to forecasts, by 2030 greenhouse gas emissions will increase 4 times compared to the level of emissions in 2000, and approximately 2 times compared to 2012 and due to a decrease of growth rate of emissions it will reach in all 135 833 Gg CO<sub>2</sub> equivalent. Moreover, the planned large-scale measures on reduction the GHG emissions will lead to further reduction of emissions. Also, due to the high growth of the national economy carbon intensity will decline and by the end of the forecast period it’ll amount to 0.0004 tons of CO<sub>2</sub> equivalent/thousand US $ GDP in PPP, which is 1.7 times less than the level of 2000.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "TLS": { | |
| "value": "Analysis in progress" | |
| }, | |
| "TON": { | |
| "value": "<p>Not Specified</p><p>\"A 50% renewable energy contribution in 2020 would equate to a reduction of 9.4 million litres of diesel per annum, or approximately 27 Gg CO<sub>2</sub>e [unspecified if reduction or target level of emission].\"</p><p>\"Emissions reduction benefits of these activities [other than 50% electricity generation from renewable sources by 2020] have not yet been estimated; however additional emissions reductions delivered through these activities may be substituted for electricity sector contributions.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "TTO": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "TUN": { | |
| "value": "Unconditional (if 13 percent reduction achieved): 0.469 tCO<sub>2</sub>e per 1000 Tunisian Dinar (DT) in 2030<br>Conditional (if 41 percent reduction achieved): 0.320 tCO<sub>2</sub>e per 1000 Tunisian Dinar (DT) in 2030" | |
| }, | |
| "TUR": { | |
| "value": "929 MtCO<sub>2</sub>e in 2030" | |
| }, | |
| "TUV": { | |
| "value": "Zero emissions from electricity sector" | |
| }, | |
| "UGA": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "UKR": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "URY": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "VCT": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "VEN": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "VNM": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "VUT": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "WSM": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "YEM": { | |
| "value": "Unconditional: 43.35 MtCO<sub>2</sub>e in 2030. <br>Conditional: 37.67 MtCO<sub>2</sub>e in 2030.<table style=\"width: 100%;\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\"> <tbody> <tr> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"49%\"> <p> </p> </td> <td colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" width=\"32%\"> <p>Years</p> </td> <td rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"18%\"> <p>Total (2010-2030)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"49%\"> <p> </p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"8%\"> <p>2010</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"8%\"> <p>2020</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"8%\"> <p>2025</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"8%\"> <p>2030</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"49%\"> <p>Emissions- BAU (Mt Carbon Dioxide equivalent)</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"8%\"> <p>24.18</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"8%\"> <p>35.94</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"8%\"> <p>39.68</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"8%\"> <p>43.81</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"18%\"> <p>437.30</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"49%\"> <p>Emissions Unconditional Scenario (Mt CO2eq)</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"8%\"> <p>24.18</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"8%\"> <p>35.90</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"8%\"> <p>39.50</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"8%\"> <p>43.35</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"18%\"> <p>434.97</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"49%\"> <p>Emissions Conditional Scenario (Mt CO2eq)</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"8%\"> <p>24.18</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"8%\"> <p>35.25</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"8%\"> <p>36.74</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"8%\"> <p>37.67</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"18%\"> <p>402.33</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"49%\"> <p>Expected Emission Reduction- Unconditional Scenario</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"8%\"> <p>0.00</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"8%\"> <p>0.04</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"8%\"> <p>0.18</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"8%\"> <p>0.46</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"18%\"> <p>2.33</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"49%\"> <p>Expected Emission Reduction- Conditional Scenario</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"8%\"> <p>0.00</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"8%\"> <p>0.68</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"8%\"> <p>2.94</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"8%\"> <p>6.13</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"18%\"> <p>34.97</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table>" | |
| }, | |
| "ZAF": { | |
| "value": "In 2025 and 2030, emissions will be in a range between 398 and 614 Mt CO<sub>2</sub>-eq." | |
| }, | |
| "ZMB": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "ZWE": { | |
| "value": "<p>2,205 kg CO<sub>2</sub>e per capita in 2030</p>" | |
| } | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "id": 18, | |
| "name": "Single or multi-year target", | |
| "slug": "single_or_multiyear_target", | |
| "category_id": 2, | |
| "labels": {}, | |
| "locations": { | |
| "AFG": { | |
| "value": "Single-year target" | |
| }, | |
| "AGO": { | |
| "value": "Single-year target" | |
| }, | |
| "ALB": { | |
| "value": "Single-year target" | |
| }, | |
| "AND": { | |
| "value": "Single-year target" | |
| }, | |
| "ARE": { | |
| "value": "Single-year target" | |
| }, | |
| "ARG": { | |
| "value": "Single-year target" | |
| }, | |
| "ARM": { | |
| "value": "Multi-year target" | |
| }, | |
| "ATG": { | |
| "value": "Single-year target" | |
| }, | |
| "AUS": { | |
| "value": "Multi-year target" | |
| }, | |
| "AZE": { | |
| "value": "Single-year target" | |
| }, | |
| "BDI": { | |
| "value": "Single-year target" | |
| }, | |
| "BEN": { | |
| "value": "Single-year target" | |
| }, | |
| "BFA": { | |
| "value": "Single-year target" | |
| }, | |
| "BGD": { | |
| "value": "Single-year target" | |
| }, | |
| "BHR": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "BIH": { | |
| "value": "Single-year target" | |
| }, | |
| "BLR": { | |
| "value": "Single-year target" | |
| }, | |
| "BLZ": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "BOL": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "BRA": { | |
| "value": "Single-year target" | |
| }, | |
| "BRB": { | |
| "value": "Single-year target" | |
| }, | |
| "BRN": { | |
| "value": "Single-year target" | |
| }, | |
| "BTN": { | |
| "value": "Multi-year target" | |
| }, | |
| "BWA": { | |
| "value": "Single-year target" | |
| }, | |
| "CAF": { | |
| "value": "Single-year target" | |
| }, | |
| "CAN": { | |
| "value": "Single-year target" | |
| }, | |
| "CHE": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "CHL": { | |
| "value": "Single-year target" | |
| }, | |
| "CHN": { | |
| "value": "Single-year target" | |
| }, | |
| "CMR": { | |
| "value": "Single-year target" | |
| }, | |
| "COD": { | |
| "value": "Single-year target" | |
| }, | |
| "COG": { | |
| "value": "Single-year target" | |
| }, | |
| "COK": { | |
| "value": "Single-year target" | |
| }, | |
| "COL": { | |
| "value": "Single-year target" | |
| }, | |
| "COM": { | |
| "value": "<p>Single-year target, but indicative emissions reduction levels for 2020 (166,600 tCO<sub>2</sub>e) and 2025 (301,500 tCO<sub>2</sub>e) provided.</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "CPV": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "CRI": { | |
| "value": "Single-year target" | |
| }, | |
| "CUB": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "DJI": { | |
| "value": "Single-year target" | |
| }, | |
| "DMA": { | |
| "value": "Single-year target" | |
| }, | |
| "DOM": { | |
| "value": "Single-year target" | |
| }, | |
| "DZA": { | |
| "value": "Single-year target" | |
| }, | |
| "ECU": { | |
| "value": "Single-year target" | |
| }, | |
| "EGY": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "ERI": { | |
| "value": "Single-year target" | |
| }, | |
| "ETH": { | |
| "value": "Single-year target" | |
| }, | |
| "EU28": { | |
| "value": "Multi-year target" | |
| }, | |
| "FJI": { | |
| "value": "Single-year target" | |
| }, | |
| "GAB": { | |
| "value": "Single-year target" | |
| }, | |
| "GEO": { | |
| "value": "Single-year target" | |
| }, | |
| "GHA": { | |
| "value": "Single-year target" | |
| }, | |
| "GIN": { | |
| "value": "Single-year target" | |
| }, | |
| "GMB": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "GNQ": { | |
| "value": "Single-year target" | |
| }, | |
| "GRD": { | |
| "value": "Single-year target" | |
| }, | |
| "GTM": { | |
| "value": "Single-year target" | |
| }, | |
| "GUY": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "HND": { | |
| "value": "Single-year target" | |
| }, | |
| "HTI": { | |
| "value": "Single-year target" | |
| }, | |
| "IDN": { | |
| "value": "Single-year target" | |
| }, | |
| "IND": { | |
| "value": "Single-year target" | |
| }, | |
| "IRN": { | |
| "value": "Single-year target" | |
| }, | |
| "IRQ": { | |
| "value": "Single-year target" | |
| }, | |
| "ISL": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "ISR": { | |
| "value": "Single-year target" | |
| }, | |
| "JAM": { | |
| "value": "Single-year target" | |
| }, | |
| "JOR": { | |
| "value": "Single-year target" | |
| }, | |
| "JPN": { | |
| "value": "Single-year target" | |
| }, | |
| "KAZ": { | |
| "value": "Single-year target" | |
| }, | |
| "KEN": { | |
| "value": "Single-year target" | |
| }, | |
| "KGZ": { | |
| "value": "Single-year target" | |
| }, | |
| "KHM": { | |
| "value": "Single-year target" | |
| }, | |
| "KIR": { | |
| "value": "Single-year target" | |
| }, | |
| "KNA": { | |
| "value": "Single-year target" | |
| }, | |
| "KOR": { | |
| "value": "Single-year target" | |
| }, | |
| "KWT": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "LAO": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "LBN": { | |
| "value": "Single-year target" | |
| }, | |
| "LBR": { | |
| "value": "Single-year target" | |
| }, | |
| "LCA": { | |
| "value": "Single-year target" | |
| }, | |
| "LKA": { | |
| "value": "Single-year target" | |
| }, | |
| "LSO": { | |
| "value": "Single-year target" | |
| }, | |
| "MAR": { | |
| "value": "Single-year target" | |
| }, | |
| "MCO": { | |
| "value": "Multi-year target" | |
| }, | |
| "MDA": { | |
| "value": "Single-year target" | |
| }, | |
| "MDG": { | |
| "value": "Single-year target" | |
| }, | |
| "MDV": { | |
| "value": "Single-year target" | |
| }, | |
| "MEX": { | |
| "value": "Single-year target" | |
| }, | |
| "MHL": { | |
| "value": "Single-year target" | |
| }, | |
| "MKD": { | |
| "value": "Single-year target" | |
| }, | |
| "MLI": { | |
| "value": "Single-year target" | |
| }, | |
| "MMR": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "MNE": { | |
| "value": "Single-year target" | |
| }, | |
| "MNG": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "MOZ": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "MRT": { | |
| "value": "Single-year target" | |
| }, | |
| "MUS": { | |
| "value": "Single-year target" | |
| }, | |
| "MWI": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "MYS": { | |
| "value": "Single-year target" | |
| }, | |
| "NAM": { | |
| "value": "Single-year target" | |
| }, | |
| "NER": { | |
| "value": "Single-year target" | |
| }, | |
| "NGA": { | |
| "value": "Single-year target" | |
| }, | |
| "NIU": { | |
| "value": "Single-year target" | |
| }, | |
| "NOR": { | |
| "value": "Multi-year target" | |
| }, | |
| "NPL": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "NRU": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "NZL": { | |
| "value": "Single-year target" | |
| }, | |
| "OMN": { | |
| "value": "Single-year target" | |
| }, | |
| "PAK": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "PAN": { | |
| "value": "Analysis in progress" | |
| }, | |
| "PER": { | |
| "value": "Single-year target" | |
| }, | |
| "PHL": { | |
| "value": "Single-year target" | |
| }, | |
| "PLW": { | |
| "value": "Single-year target" | |
| }, | |
| "PNG": { | |
| "value": "Single-year target" | |
| }, | |
| "PRK": { | |
| "value": "Analysis in progress" | |
| }, | |
| "PRY": { | |
| "value": "Single-year target" | |
| }, | |
| "QAT": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "RUS": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "RWA": { | |
| "value": "Single-year target" | |
| }, | |
| "SAU": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "SDN": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "SEN": { | |
| "value": "Single-year target" | |
| }, | |
| "SGP": { | |
| "value": "Single-year target" | |
| }, | |
| "SLB": { | |
| "value": "Single-year target" | |
| }, | |
| "SLE": { | |
| "value": "Single-year target" | |
| }, | |
| "SLV": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "SMR": { | |
| "value": "Single-year target" | |
| }, | |
| "SOM": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "SSD": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "STP": { | |
| "value": "Single-year target" | |
| }, | |
| "SUR": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "SWZ": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "SYC": { | |
| "value": "Single-year target" | |
| }, | |
| "TCD": { | |
| "value": "Single-year target" | |
| }, | |
| "TGO": { | |
| "value": "Single-year target" | |
| }, | |
| "THA": { | |
| "value": "Single-year target" | |
| }, | |
| "TJK": { | |
| "value": "Single-year target" | |
| }, | |
| "TKM": { | |
| "value": "Single-year target" | |
| }, | |
| "TLS": { | |
| "value": "Analysis in progress" | |
| }, | |
| "TON": { | |
| "value": "Single-year target" | |
| }, | |
| "TTO": { | |
| "value": "Single-year target" | |
| }, | |
| "TUN": { | |
| "value": "Single-year target" | |
| }, | |
| "TUR": { | |
| "value": "Single-year target" | |
| }, | |
| "TUV": { | |
| "value": "Single-year target" | |
| }, | |
| "UGA": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "UKR": { | |
| "value": "Single-year target" | |
| }, | |
| "URY": { | |
| "value": "Single-year target" | |
| }, | |
| "VCT": { | |
| "value": "Single-year target" | |
| }, | |
| "VEN": { | |
| "value": "Single-year target" | |
| }, | |
| "VNM": { | |
| "value": "Single-year target" | |
| }, | |
| "VUT": { | |
| "value": "Single-year target" | |
| }, | |
| "WSM": { | |
| "value": "Single-year target" | |
| }, | |
| "YEM": { | |
| "value": "Single-year target" | |
| }, | |
| "ZAF": { | |
| "value": "Multi-year target" | |
| }, | |
| "ZMB": { | |
| "value": "Single-year target" | |
| }, | |
| "ZWE": { | |
| "value": "Single-year target" | |
| } | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "id": 19, | |
| "name": "Long-term target", | |
| "slug": "longterm_target", | |
| "category_id": 2, | |
| "labels": { | |
| "39": { | |
| "name": "2050", | |
| "color": "#97BD3D" | |
| }, | |
| "40": { | |
| "name": "Other", | |
| "color": "#0099CC" | |
| }, | |
| "41": { | |
| "name": "No long-term target", | |
| "color": "#F0AB00" | |
| }, | |
| "42": { | |
| "name": "No INDC submitted", | |
| "color": "#E1E1E1" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "locations": { | |
| "AFG": { | |
| "value": "No long-term target", | |
| "label_id": 41 | |
| }, | |
| "AGO": { | |
| "value": "No long-term target", | |
| "label_id": 41 | |
| }, | |
| "ALB": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"The emission trajectory of Albania allows to have a smooth trend of achieving 2 tons of greenhouse gas emissions per capita by 2050, which can be taken as a target for global contraction and convergence of greenhouse gas emissions.\"</p>", | |
| "label_id": 39 | |
| }, | |
| "AND": { | |
| "value": "No long-term target", | |
| "label_id": 41 | |
| }, | |
| "ARE": { | |
| "value": "No long-term target", | |
| "label_id": 41 | |
| }, | |
| "ARG": { | |
| "value": "No long-term target", | |
| "label_id": 41 | |
| }, | |
| "ARM": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"The Republic of Armenia strives to achieve ecosystem neutral GHG emissions in 2050 (equivalent to 2.07 tons/per capita per annum)...\"</p>", | |
| "label_id": 39 | |
| }, | |
| "ATG": { | |
| "value": "No long-term target", | |
| "label_id": 41 | |
| }, | |
| "AUS": { | |
| "value": "<p>No long-term target</p> <p>\"The Government will consider a potential long term emissions reduction goal for Australia, beyond 2030, taking into account international trends and technology developments.\"</p>", | |
| "label_id": 41 | |
| }, | |
| "AZE": { | |
| "value": "No long-term target", | |
| "label_id": 41 | |
| }, | |
| "BDI": { | |
| "value": "No long-term target", | |
| "label_id": 41 | |
| }, | |
| "BEN": { | |
| "value": "No long-term target", | |
| "label_id": 41 | |
| }, | |
| "BFA": { | |
| "value": "No long-term target", | |
| "label_id": 41 | |
| }, | |
| "BGD": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Bangladesh recognises that in order to meet the 2 degrees objective all countries will need to undertake mitigation in line with the IPCC conclusion that meeting 2 degrees requires global reductions to reduce by 40 to 70% global anthropogenic GHG emissions reductions by 2050 compared to 2010. Bangladesh’s approach is driven by the long-term goal announced by its Prime Minister that its per capita GHG emissions will not exceed the average for developing countries.\"</p>", | |
| "label_id": 39 | |
| }, | |
| "BHR": { | |
| "value": "No long-term target", | |
| "label_id": 41 | |
| }, | |
| "BIH": { | |
| "value": "No long-term target", | |
| "label_id": 41 | |
| }, | |
| "BLR": { | |
| "value": "No long-term target", | |
| "label_id": 41 | |
| }, | |
| "BLZ": { | |
| "value": "No long-term target", | |
| "label_id": 41 | |
| }, | |
| "BOL": { | |
| "value": "No long-term target", | |
| "label_id": 41 | |
| }, | |
| "BRA": { | |
| "value": "<p>No long-term target but includes long-term vision</p> <p>\"Consistent with the long-term vision of holding the increase in global average temperature below 2°C above pre-industrial levels, Brazil will strive for a transition towards energy systems based on renewable sources and the decarbonization of the global economy by the end of the century, in the context of sustainable development and access to the financial and technological means necessary for this transition.\"</p>", | |
| "label_id": 41 | |
| }, | |
| "BRB": { | |
| "value": "No long-term target", | |
| "label_id": 41 | |
| }, | |
| "BRN": { | |
| "value": "No long-term target", | |
| "label_id": 41 | |
| }, | |
| "BTN": { | |
| "value": "Bhutan intends to remain carbon neutral where emission of greenhouse gases will not exceed carbon sequestration by our forests, which is estimated at 6.3 million tons of CO<sub>2</sub>.", | |
| "label_id": 40 | |
| }, | |
| "BWA": { | |
| "value": "No long-term target", | |
| "label_id": 41 | |
| }, | |
| "CAF": { | |
| "value": "<p>Reduce emissions by 25% (i.e. 33,076.1 kt eq-CO<sub>2</sub>) at the 2050 horizon, within the framework of conditional implementation</p>", | |
| "label_id": 39 | |
| }, | |
| "CAN": { | |
| "value": "No long-term target", | |
| "label_id": 41 | |
| }, | |
| "CHE": { | |
| "value": "Switzerland plans its climate policy in 10-year-steps, continuously strengthening its reduction targets. The Government of Switzerland has formulated an indicative goal to reduce emissions by 2050 by 70 to 85 percent compared to 1990 including use of international credits as well as the vision to reduce per capita emissions in Switzerland to 1 – 1.5 t CO<sub>2</sub>eq in the longer term. These unavoidable emissions will have to be eventually compensated through sinks or removals.", | |
| "label_id": 39 | |
| }, | |
| "CHL": { | |
| "value": "No long-term target", | |
| "label_id": 41 | |
| }, | |
| "CHN": { | |
| "value": "No long-term target", | |
| "label_id": 41 | |
| }, | |
| "CMR": { | |
| "value": "No long-term target", | |
| "label_id": 41 | |
| }, | |
| "COD": { | |
| "value": "No long term target", | |
| "label_id": 41 | |
| }, | |
| "COG": { | |
| "value": "No long-term target", | |
| "label_id": 41 | |
| }, | |
| "COK": { | |
| "value": "No long-term target", | |
| "label_id": 41 | |
| }, | |
| "COL": { | |
| "value": "No long-term target", | |
| "label_id": 41 | |
| }, | |
| "COM": { | |
| "value": "No long-term target", | |
| "label_id": 41 | |
| }, | |
| "CPV": { | |
| "value": "No long-term target", | |
| "label_id": 41 | |
| }, | |
| "CRI": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"...proposed emissions per capita of...1.19 Net Tons per Capita by 2050 and -0.27 Net Tons per Capita by 2100\"</p>", | |
| "label_id": 40 | |
| }, | |
| "CUB": { | |
| "value": "No long-term target ", | |
| "label_id": 41 | |
| }, | |
| "DJI": { | |
| "value": "No long term target", | |
| "label_id": 41 | |
| }, | |
| "DMA": { | |
| "value": "No long-term target", | |
| "label_id": 41 | |
| }, | |
| "DOM": { | |
| "value": "No long-term target. \"The post 2030 contributions will be established at the end of the NDS period.\"", | |
| "label_id": 41 | |
| }, | |
| "DZA": { | |
| "value": "No long-term target", | |
| "label_id": 41 | |
| }, | |
| "ECU": { | |
| "value": "No long-term target", | |
| "label_id": 41 | |
| }, | |
| "EGY": { | |
| "value": "No long-term target", | |
| "label_id": 41 | |
| }, | |
| "ERI": { | |
| "value": "No long-term target ", | |
| "label_id": 41 | |
| }, | |
| "ETH": { | |
| "value": "In the long term, Ethiopia intends to achieve its vision of becoming carbon-neutral, with the mid-term goal of attaining middle-income status.", | |
| "label_id": 40 | |
| }, | |
| "EU28": { | |
| "value": "No long-term target", | |
| "label_id": 41 | |
| }, | |
| "FJI": { | |
| "value": "No long-term target", | |
| "label_id": 41 | |
| }, | |
| "GAB": { | |
| "value": "No long-term target", | |
| "label_id": 41 | |
| }, | |
| "GEO": { | |
| "value": "No long-term target", | |
| "label_id": 41 | |
| }, | |
| "GHA": { | |
| "value": "No long-term target ", | |
| "label_id": 41 | |
| }, | |
| "GIN": { | |
| "value": "No long-term target", | |
| "label_id": 41 | |
| }, | |
| "GMB": { | |
| "value": "No long-term target", | |
| "label_id": 41 | |
| }, | |
| "GNQ": { | |
| "value": "<p>“Una reducción de 50% para el año 2050”</p> <p>A 50% reduction by 2050</p>", | |
| "label_id": 39 | |
| }, | |
| "GRD": { | |
| "value": "indicative reduction of 40% of 2010 by 2030", | |
| "label_id": 41 | |
| }, | |
| "GTM": { | |
| "value": "No long-term target", | |
| "label_id": 41 | |
| }, | |
| "GUY": { | |
| "value": "No long-term target", | |
| "label_id": 41 | |
| }, | |
| "HND": { | |
| "value": "No long-term target", | |
| "label_id": 41 | |
| }, | |
| "HTI": { | |
| "value": "No long-term target", | |
| "label_id": 41 | |
| }, | |
| "IDN": { | |
| "value": "No long-term target", | |
| "label_id": 41 | |
| }, | |
| "IND": { | |
| "value": "No long-term target", | |
| "label_id": 41 | |
| }, | |
| "IRN": { | |
| "value": "No long-term target", | |
| "label_id": 41 | |
| }, | |
| "IRQ": { | |
| "value": "No long-term target", | |
| "label_id": 41 | |
| }, | |
| "ISL": { | |
| "value": "No long-term target", | |
| "label_id": 41 | |
| }, | |
| "ISR": { | |
| "value": "No long-term target", | |
| "label_id": 41 | |
| }, | |
| "JAM": { | |
| "value": "No long-term target", | |
| "label_id": 41 | |
| }, | |
| "JOR": { | |
| "value": "No long-term target", | |
| "label_id": 41 | |
| }, | |
| "JPN": { | |
| "value": "No long-term target", | |
| "label_id": 41 | |
| }, | |
| "KAZ": { | |
| "value": "No long-term target", | |
| "label_id": 41 | |
| }, | |
| "KEN": { | |
| "value": "No long-term target", | |
| "label_id": 41 | |
| }, | |
| "KGZ": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Limiting the per capita GHG emissions to maximum of 1.23 t/CO<sub>2</sub>, or 1.58 t/CO<sub>2</sub> in 2050 to achieve the below 2°C objective, with a probability of 66% and 50% respectively.\"</p>", | |
| "label_id": 39 | |
| }, | |
| "KHM": { | |
| "value": "No long-term target", | |
| "label_id": 41 | |
| }, | |
| "KIR": { | |
| "value": "No long-term target", | |
| "label_id": 41 | |
| }, | |
| "KNA": { | |
| "value": "No long-term target", | |
| "label_id": 41 | |
| }, | |
| "KOR": { | |
| "value": "No long-term target", | |
| "label_id": 41 | |
| }, | |
| "KWT": { | |
| "value": "No long-term target. ", | |
| "label_id": 41 | |
| }, | |
| "LAO": { | |
| "value": "No long-term target", | |
| "label_id": 41 | |
| }, | |
| "LBN": { | |
| "value": "No long-term target", | |
| "label_id": 41 | |
| }, | |
| "LBR": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"The long-term strategy of Liberia is to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050.\"</p>", | |
| "label_id": 41 | |
| }, | |
| "LCA": { | |
| "value": "No long-term target", | |
| "label_id": 41 | |
| }, | |
| "LKA": { | |
| "value": "No long-term target", | |
| "label_id": 41 | |
| }, | |
| "LSO": { | |
| "value": "No long-term target", | |
| "label_id": 41 | |
| }, | |
| "MAR": { | |
| "value": "No long-term target", | |
| "label_id": 41 | |
| }, | |
| "MCO": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"At the Climate Summit convened by the Secretary-General of the United Nations on 23 September 2014, H.S.H. Prince Albert II recalled the target that the Principality of Monaco set itself to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions by 30% by 2020 and 80% by 2050, compared with the reference year, while achieving carbon neutrality by that date.\"</p><p>See INDC for \"Figure 1: Graph showing the Principality of Monaco’s reduction target assuming a commitment period of 10 years\" and \"Figure 2: Graph showing the Principality of Monaco’s reduction target assuming two commitment periods of five years each.\"</p>", | |
| "label_id": 39 | |
| }, | |
| "MDA": { | |
| "value": "No long-term target", | |
| "label_id": 41 | |
| }, | |
| "MDG": { | |
| "value": "No long-term target", | |
| "label_id": 41 | |
| }, | |
| "MDV": { | |
| "value": "No long-term target", | |
| "label_id": 41 | |
| }, | |
| "MEX": { | |
| "value": "This INDC is consistent with Mexico's pathway to reduce 50% of emissions by the year 2050, with respect to the year 2000, as mandated by the LGCC.", | |
| "label_id": 39 | |
| }, | |
| "MHL": { | |
| "value": "RMI communicates, as an indicative target, its intention to reduce its emissions of GHGs to 45% below 2010 levels by 2030.", | |
| "label_id": 41 | |
| }, | |
| "MKD": { | |
| "value": "No long-term target", | |
| "label_id": 41 | |
| }, | |
| "MLI": { | |
| "value": "No long-term target", | |
| "label_id": 41 | |
| }, | |
| "MMR": { | |
| "value": "No long-term target", | |
| "label_id": 41 | |
| }, | |
| "MNE": { | |
| "value": "No long-term target", | |
| "label_id": 41 | |
| }, | |
| "MNG": { | |
| "value": "No long-term target", | |
| "label_id": 41 | |
| }, | |
| "MOZ": { | |
| "value": "No long-term target", | |
| "label_id": 41 | |
| }, | |
| "MRT": { | |
| "value": "No long-term target", | |
| "label_id": 41 | |
| }, | |
| "MUS": { | |
| "value": "No long-term target", | |
| "label_id": 41 | |
| }, | |
| "MWI": { | |
| "value": "No long-term target", | |
| "label_id": 41 | |
| }, | |
| "MYS": { | |
| "value": "No long-term target", | |
| "label_id": 41 | |
| }, | |
| "NAM": { | |
| "value": "No long-term target", | |
| "label_id": 41 | |
| }, | |
| "NER": { | |
| "value": "No long-term target", | |
| "label_id": 41 | |
| }, | |
| "NGA": { | |
| "value": "No long-term target ", | |
| "label_id": 41 | |
| }, | |
| "NIU": { | |
| "value": "No long-term target", | |
| "label_id": 41 | |
| }, | |
| "NOR": { | |
| "value": "According to the broad political agreement in 2012 on climate change, the aim is that Norway will be carbon-neutral in 2050.", | |
| "label_id": 39 | |
| }, | |
| "NPL": { | |
| "value": "No long-term target", | |
| "label_id": 41 | |
| }, | |
| "NRU": { | |
| "value": "No long-term target", | |
| "label_id": 41 | |
| }, | |
| "NZL": { | |
| "value": "New Zealand has a longer term target of reducing emissions to 50 percent below 1990 levels by 2050.", | |
| "label_id": 39 | |
| }, | |
| "OMN": { | |
| "value": "No long-term target", | |
| "label_id": 41 | |
| }, | |
| "PAK": { | |
| "value": "No long-term target", | |
| "label_id": 41 | |
| }, | |
| "PAN": { | |
| "value": "Analysis in progress" | |
| }, | |
| "PER": { | |
| "value": "No long-term target", | |
| "label_id": 41 | |
| }, | |
| "PHL": { | |
| "value": "No long-term target", | |
| "label_id": 41 | |
| }, | |
| "PLW": { | |
| "value": "No long-term target", | |
| "label_id": 41 | |
| }, | |
| "PNG": { | |
| "value": "No long-term target", | |
| "label_id": 41 | |
| }, | |
| "PRK": { | |
| "value": "Analysis in progress" | |
| }, | |
| "PRY": { | |
| "value": "No long-term target", | |
| "label_id": 41 | |
| }, | |
| "QAT": { | |
| "value": "No long-term target", | |
| "label_id": 41 | |
| }, | |
| "RUS": { | |
| "value": "No long-term target", | |
| "label_id": 41 | |
| }, | |
| "RWA": { | |
| "value": "<p>No long-term target, however Rwanda's INDC states</p> <p>\"A vision for 2050 based on the Green Growth and Climate Resilience Strategy envisages Rwanda as a developed climate-resilient, low carbon economy, with a strong services sector, low unemployment and low levels of poverty. It would be a country where agriculture and industry have a minimal negative impact on the environment, operating in a sustainable way, and enabling self-sufficient basic necessities for all living in it. By 2050, development will be achieved with low carbon domestic energy resources and practices, reducing the country’s contribution to climate change while allowing it to be independent of imported oil for power generation.\"</p>", | |
| "label_id": 41 | |
| }, | |
| "SAU": { | |
| "value": "No long-term target", | |
| "label_id": 41 | |
| }, | |
| "SDN": { | |
| "value": "No long-term target", | |
| "label_id": 41 | |
| }, | |
| "SEN": { | |
| "value": "No long-term target", | |
| "label_id": 41 | |
| }, | |
| "SGP": { | |
| "value": "No long-term target", | |
| "label_id": 41 | |
| }, | |
| "SLB": { | |
| "value": "With appropriate international assistance, Solomon Islands can reduce its emissions by more than 50% by 2050.", | |
| "label_id": 39 | |
| }, | |
| "SLE": { | |
| "value": "Sierra Leone intends to also present an intensity based reduction target by 25 to 35 percent, by 2050 in phases (2020-2030, 2030-2050) compared to 1990 including use of international credits well as the vision to hold per capita emissions in Sierra Leone’s average world level in the longer term. These unavoidable emissions will have to be eventually compensated through sinks or removals.", | |
| "label_id": 39 | |
| }, | |
| "SLV": { | |
| "value": "No long-term target", | |
| "label_id": 41 | |
| }, | |
| "SMR": { | |
| "value": "No long-term target", | |
| "label_id": 41 | |
| }, | |
| "SOM": { | |
| "value": "No long-term target", | |
| "label_id": 41 | |
| }, | |
| "SSD": { | |
| "value": "No long-term target", | |
| "label_id": 41 | |
| }, | |
| "STP": { | |
| "value": "No long-term target", | |
| "label_id": 41 | |
| }, | |
| "SUR": { | |
| "value": "No long-term target", | |
| "label_id": 41 | |
| }, | |
| "SWZ": { | |
| "value": "No long-term target", | |
| "label_id": 41 | |
| }, | |
| "SYC": { | |
| "value": "No long-term target", | |
| "label_id": 41 | |
| }, | |
| "TCD": { | |
| "value": "No long-term target", | |
| "label_id": 41 | |
| }, | |
| "TGO": { | |
| "value": "No long-term target", | |
| "label_id": 41 | |
| }, | |
| "THA": { | |
| "value": "No long term target", | |
| "label_id": 41 | |
| }, | |
| "TJK": { | |
| "value": "No long-term target", | |
| "label_id": 41 | |
| }, | |
| "TKM": { | |
| "value": "No long-term target", | |
| "label_id": 41 | |
| }, | |
| "TLS": { | |
| "value": "Analysis in progress" | |
| }, | |
| "TON": { | |
| "value": "No long-term target", | |
| "label_id": 41 | |
| }, | |
| "TTO": { | |
| "value": "No long-term target", | |
| "label_id": 41 | |
| }, | |
| "TUN": { | |
| "value": "No long-term target", | |
| "label_id": 41 | |
| }, | |
| "TUR": { | |
| "value": "No long-term target", | |
| "label_id": 41 | |
| }, | |
| "TUV": { | |
| "value": "No long-term target", | |
| "label_id": 41 | |
| }, | |
| "UGA": { | |
| "value": "No long-term target", | |
| "label_id": 41 | |
| }, | |
| "UKR": { | |
| "value": "No long-term target", | |
| "label_id": 41 | |
| }, | |
| "URY": { | |
| "value": "No long-term target", | |
| "label_id": 41 | |
| }, | |
| "VCT": { | |
| "value": "No long-term targe", | |
| "label_id": 41 | |
| }, | |
| "VEN": { | |
| "value": "No long-term target", | |
| "label_id": 41 | |
| }, | |
| "VNM": { | |
| "value": "No long-term target", | |
| "label_id": 41 | |
| }, | |
| "VUT": { | |
| "value": "No long-term target", | |
| "label_id": 41 | |
| }, | |
| "WSM": { | |
| "value": "No long term target ", | |
| "label_id": 41 | |
| }, | |
| "YEM": { | |
| "value": "No long-term target", | |
| "label_id": 41 | |
| }, | |
| "ZAF": { | |
| "value": "No long-term target", | |
| "label_id": 41 | |
| }, | |
| "ZMB": { | |
| "value": "No long-term target", | |
| "label_id": 41 | |
| }, | |
| "ZWE": { | |
| "value": "No long-term target", | |
| "label_id": 41 | |
| } | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "id": 20, | |
| "name": "Date actions come into effect and date of completion", | |
| "slug": "date_actions_come_into_effect_and_date_of_completion", | |
| "category_id": 2, | |
| "labels": {}, | |
| "locations": { | |
| "AFG": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "AGO": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "ALB": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "AND": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "ARE": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "ARG": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "ARM": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "ATG": { | |
| "value": "Period of implemenetation: Pre 2020 and 2020-2030" | |
| }, | |
| "AUS": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "AZE": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "BDI": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "BEN": { | |
| "value": "2030" | |
| }, | |
| "BFA": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "BGD": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "BHR": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "BIH": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "BLR": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "BLZ": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "BOL": { | |
| "value": "2030" | |
| }, | |
| "BRA": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "BRB": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "BRN": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "BTN": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "BWA": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "CAF": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "CAN": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "CHE": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "CHL": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "CHN": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "CMR": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "COD": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "COG": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "COK": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "COL": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "COM": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "CPV": { | |
| "value": "Date of completion: 2025 and 2030 (vary by action)" | |
| }, | |
| "CRI": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "CUB": { | |
| "value": "2030" | |
| }, | |
| "DJI": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "DMA": { | |
| "value": "<p>Dominica has communicated 10 \"proposed mitigation measures to enhance resilience\" which come into effect between 2016 and 2030.</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "DOM": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "DZA": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "ECU": { | |
| "value": "2017-2025" | |
| }, | |
| "EGY": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "ERI": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "ETH": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "EU28": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "FJI": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "GAB": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable " | |
| }, | |
| "GEO": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "GHA": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "GIN": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "GMB": { | |
| "value": "Commitment period: 2021 to 2025" | |
| }, | |
| "GNQ": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "GRD": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "GTM": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "GUY": { | |
| "value": "Up to 2025" | |
| }, | |
| "HND": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "HTI": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "IDN": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "IND": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "IRN": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "IRQ": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "ISL": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "ISR": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "JAM": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "JOR": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "JPN": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "KAZ": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "KEN": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "KGZ": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "KHM": { | |
| "value": "2020-2030" | |
| }, | |
| "KIR": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified; however, the INDC states \"Period for defining actions: Five year periods. Starting 2020, with reference to 2025 and ending in 2030.\"" | |
| }, | |
| "KNA": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "KOR": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "KWT": { | |
| "value": "2035" | |
| }, | |
| "LAO": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"The INDC will be implemented between 2015 and 2030\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "LBN": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "LBR": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "LCA": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "LKA": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "LSO": { | |
| "value": "Mitigation actions in various sectors of the economy come into effect between 2015 and 2030. See the full INDC for more information." | |
| }, | |
| "MAR": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "MCO": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "MDA": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "MDG": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "MDV": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "MEX": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "MHL": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "MKD": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "MLI": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "MMR": { | |
| "value": "Varies by action. See \"Actions\" for more information." | |
| }, | |
| "MNE": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "MNG": { | |
| "value": "Up to 2030" | |
| }, | |
| "MOZ": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"The INDC will be implemented between 2020 and 2030\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "MRT": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "MUS": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "MWI": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"The timeframe for implementation of the Malawi INDC is 2015 to 2040. This timeframe will allow development of a detailed INDC plan and feed into the medium term plan of the successor MGDS III which will become effective in 2016, and also be aligned with the new long term vision when the current expires in 2020.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "MYS": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "NAM": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "NER": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "NGA": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "NIU": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "NOR": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "NPL": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "NRU": { | |
| "value": "Timeframe: 2020-2030" | |
| }, | |
| "NZL": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "OMN": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "PAK": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "PAN": { | |
| "value": "Analysis in progress" | |
| }, | |
| "PER": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "PHL": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "PLW": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "PNG": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "PRK": { | |
| "value": "Analysis in progress" | |
| }, | |
| "PRY": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "QAT": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"The intended voluntary contributions in this report tend to cover the period 2021 to 2030 in line with the national vision.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "RUS": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "RWA": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "SAU": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"The assessment of baseline covers the period 2021 to 2030. As time progresses, this assessment will be expanded until 2050. Estimates and ambitions will be adjusted depending on the level of development and progress toward economic diversification (as outlined in paragraph 3 above) as well as feedbacks from different sectors of the economy.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "SDN": { | |
| "value": "The timeframe for implementing Sudan’s INDC is 2025-2030" | |
| }, | |
| "SEN": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "SGP": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "SLB": { | |
| "value": "Period for defining actions: \"Five year periods. Starting 2020, with reference to 2025 and ending in 2030\"" | |
| }, | |
| "SLE": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "SLV": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "SMR": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "SOM": { | |
| "value": "See Somalia's full INDC submission for timeframes of the projects." | |
| }, | |
| "SSD": { | |
| "value": "Timeframe 2016 – 2030" | |
| }, | |
| "STP": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "SUR": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"The period covered by Suriname’s INDC, as proposed, is up to 2025.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "SWZ": { | |
| "value": "The mitigation actions will be implemented between 2020 and 2030." | |
| }, | |
| "SYC": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "TCD": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "TGO": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "THA": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "TJK": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "TKM": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "TLS": { | |
| "value": "Analysis in progress" | |
| }, | |
| "TON": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "TTO": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "TUN": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "TUR": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "TUV": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "UGA": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"The proposed priority measures for 2030 build upon ongoing policies and plans, whose implementation will be accelerated in the period between 2016 and 2030.</p> <p>The period of implementation for the additional measures will be 2021 to 2030, or earlier if feasible and if the provision of sufficient support is expedited.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "UKR": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "URY": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "VCT": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "VEN": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "VNM": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "VUT": { | |
| "value": "<p>Vanuatu's key planned mitigation actions involve increasing renewable energy generation capacity. This additional capacity will be added by between 2025 and 2030. See the INDC for more information.</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "WSM": { | |
| "value": "2015-2025" | |
| }, | |
| "YEM": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "ZAF": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "ZMB": { | |
| "value": "Not Applicable" | |
| }, | |
| "ZWE": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| } | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "id": 21, | |
| "name": "Sectors covered ", | |
| "slug": "sectors_covered", | |
| "category_id": 3, | |
| "labels": {}, | |
| "locations": { | |
| "AFG": { | |
| "value": "Energy, natural resource management, agriculture, waste management and mining<ul> <li>Energy Production (hydropower, solar systems, wind and biomass, commercial, domestic: clean cook stoves and fuels, and solar energy</li> <li>Energy Efficiency (households, transport, industry, services, mining, agriculture)</li> <li>Land Use, Forests and Rangelands (Afforestation and reforestation, natural forests, fuelwood from forest and orchards, rangelands rehabilitation)</li> <li>Agriculture and Livestock (manure management, land use/change for agriculture)</li> <li>Irrigation Infrastructure</li> <li>Improved Cropping Systems</li> <li>Industrial Processes and Extractive Industries (mining and extractives, gas and hydrocarbons, coal and minerals) end-use saving, and fuel shifts</li> <li>Power plants: fuel shift to natural gas and renewables</li> <li>Transport: more efficient vehicles, clean fuels, and alternative fuels</li> <li>Waste Management (solid waste management and wastewater recycling/composing of biodegradable waste instead of landfill, and methane recovery from landfill)</li> <li>Coal mines: gas recovery in coal mines</li> <li>Rice paddies: modified rice strains</li> <li>Mitigation measures for N<sub>2</sub>O include reduced fertilizer application; optimal timing of fertilizer application; nitrification inhibitors, less use of histosols (peat soils)<a title=\"\" href=\"#_ftn1\">[1]</a></li> </ul> <p><a title=\"\" href=\"#_ftnref1\">[1]</a> NEPA & ADB (2007), Afghanistan Greenhouse Gas Inventory Report.</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "AGO": { | |
| "value": "Focused sectors: Power generation from renewable sources; and Reforestation. <br>\"Based on the last GHG inventory, the selected sectors are defined according to the revised IPCC Guidelines 1996 and cover the entire territory.\"" | |
| }, | |
| "ALB": { | |
| "value": "Energy; Industrial processes<p>\"Having relatively high uncertainty regarding emission data in the LULUCF sector and non‐CO<sub>2</sub> greenhouses gas emissions and removals Albania reserves its right to review its INDC until 2020 upon the availably of more accurate data and improved technical conditions regarding land use, land use change and forestry as well as non‐CO<sub>2</sub> greenhouse gases and include it in its nationally determined contribution.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "AND": { | |
| "value": "Secteurs de l’énergie et des déchets, selon les catégories d’inventaire du GIEC 2006.<br />Energy and waste sectors, according to the 2006 IPCC inventory categories." | |
| }, | |
| "ARE": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified; energy sector for the renewable energy target, various sectors mentioned for mitigation actions, such as energy, oil and gas, water, transport, waste, etc." | |
| }, | |
| "ARG": { | |
| "value": "Energy; Agriculture; Waste; Industrial Processes; Land use change and forestry" | |
| }, | |
| "ARM": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Energy (including renewable energy and energy efficiency); Transport (including development of electrical transport); Urban development (including buildings and construction); Industrial processes (construction materials and chemical production); Waste management (solid waste, waste water, agricultural waste); and Land use and Forestry (afforestation, forest protection, carbon storage in soil).\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "ATG": { | |
| "value": "Sectors addressed in the adaptation and mitigation targets include: Energy, Health, Tourism, Agriculture, Waste, Water, Transportation, Forestry and Land Use Change." | |
| }, | |
| "AUS": { | |
| "value": "Energy; Industrial processes and product use; Agriculture; Land-use, land-use change and forestry; Waste" | |
| }, | |
| "AZE": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Energy, agriculture, waste, LULUCF\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "BDI": { | |
| "value": "Energy (Fuel combustion activities), Agriculture & livestock (Agricultural soils), Land use and forestry (Forestland)" | |
| }, | |
| "BEN": { | |
| "value": "<ul> <li>“Energie (transport, secteur résidentiel, industries énergétiques)</li> <li>Agriculture (sols agricoles, rizières, brûlage des résidus agricoles, brûlage dirigé des savanes).</li> <li>UTCATF (terres forestières incluant les forêts naturelles et les plantations)”<br /><br /></li> <li>Energy (transport, residential sector, energy industries)</li> <li>Agriculture (agricultural soils, rice fields, burning of agricultural residues, prescribed burning of savannas)</li> <li>LULUCF (forested lands including natural forests and plantations)</li> </ul>" | |
| }, | |
| "BFA": { | |
| "value": "<p>Agriculture; energy, including the transportation sector; waste; industrial processes; land use; land use changes and forestry (LULUCF)</p> <p>Reduction contribution from Agriculture, Waste and Energy sectors.</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "BGD": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"The contribution covers the power sector, and energy use in the transport and industry sectors. Other sectors are not included in the quantified contribution, but are included as action-based conditional contributions.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "BHR": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified; various mitigation actions mentioned for energy sector" | |
| }, | |
| "BIH": { | |
| "value": "Energy, Industrial Processes, Agriculture, Land-use change and forestry (sinks), Waste." | |
| }, | |
| "BLR": { | |
| "value": "Power industry; industrial processes; use of solvents; agriculture; waste" | |
| }, | |
| "BLZ": { | |
| "value": "Energy and Land Use, Land Use Change and Forestry" | |
| }, | |
| "BOL": { | |
| "value": "Not specified; various sectors mentioned for mitigation plans and actions, such as water, energy, forest and agriculture." | |
| }, | |
| "BRA": { | |
| "value": "Brazil's target covers all sectors " | |
| }, | |
| "BRB": { | |
| "value": "<ul> <li>Energy (including domestic transport)</li> <li>Industrial Process and Product Use</li> <li>Waste</li> <li>Agriculture</li> <li>Land Use, Land Use Change and Forestry</li> </ul><p>\"Potential emissions reductions from Industrial Process and Product Use, Agriculture and Land Use, Land Use Change and Forestry were not considered, although these sectors are included in the baseline inventory and therefore the ‘economy wide’ savings.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "BRN": { | |
| "value": "GHG target: Energy sector<br>Non-GHG target: Forestry sector<p>\"Given that the energy sector is the dominant sector with respect to GDP and GHG emissions generated. The country’s first intended mitigation contribution concerns actions primarily within the energy sector. However, this does not preclude its intention to reduce and report on emissions as a result of actions in other sectors which will result in carbon sequestration, i.e. in the forestry sector. Further, there are a number of measures which have been identified for future research and development whose contribution to meeting overall targets has not yet been quantified, but are anticipated to lead to significant mitigation impacts in the coming decades.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "BTN": { | |
| "value": "Not specified; various sectors mentioned for mitigation plans and actions, such as forest, energy, transport, waste, and agriculture." | |
| }, | |
| "BWA": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Energy sector (mobile and stationary sources), Waste, and Agriculture\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "CAF": { | |
| "value": "Land use, land use change and forestry (LULUCF) (89.46%); energy (5.19%); agriculture (5.26%); waste (0.09%) and industrial processes and use of solvents (2010 data)." | |
| }, | |
| "CAN": { | |
| "value": "All IPCC sectors" | |
| }, | |
| "CHE": { | |
| "value": "Energy; Industrial processes and product use; Agriculture; Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry; Waste <br> \"Switzerland supports the inclusion of international aviation and shipping on the basis of future internationally agreed rules applicable to all Parties (currently not included in Switzerland's INDC).\"" | |
| }, | |
| "CHL": { | |
| "value": "Energy, industrial processes, use of solvents and other products, agriculture and waste. It does not include the LULUCF sector." | |
| }, | |
| "CHN": { | |
| "value": "Not specified for GHG targets, but various sectors mentioned for policies and actions such as energy, buildings, transportation, industrial processes, agriculture, forestry and land use" | |
| }, | |
| "CMR": { | |
| "value": "<p>“Agriculture, Energie, Forêt, Déchets – (hors UTCATF pour l’objectif de réduction)”</p> <p>Agriculture, Energy, Forest, Waste - (not including LULUCF for the reduction target)</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "COD": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Les secteurs concernés sont l’UTCATF, l’Agriculture et l’Energie. Les secteurs Procédés Industriels et Déchets ne sont pas pris en compte étant donné leur contribution minime au bilan des émissions des GES en RDC.\"</p> <p>The sectors included are LULUCF, Agriculture and Energy. The Industrial Processes and Waste sectors have not been accounted for given their minimal contribution to the GHG emissions footprint of the DRC.</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "COG": { | |
| "value": "<ul> <li>“Énergie, dont les hydrocarbures</li> <li>Procédés industriels et traitement des déchets</li> <li>Mines et cimenteries</li> <li>Agriculture et élevage</li> <li>Utilisation des terres, leur changement et la forêt (hors puits naturel-restockage des forêts)”</li> </ul> <ul> <li>Energy, including hydrocarbons</li> <li>Industrial processes and waste treatment</li> <li>Mining and cement</li> <li>Agriculture and livestock</li> <li>Land use, land-use change and forestry (excluding natural sinks – restocking of forests)</li> </ul>" | |
| }, | |
| "COK": { | |
| "value": "Electricity" | |
| }, | |
| "COL": { | |
| "value": "All emission sectors acknowledged by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)" | |
| }, | |
| "COM": { | |
| "value": "<ul> <li>“Énergie</li> <ul> <li>Industries énergétiques ;</li> <li>Efficience énergétique ;</li> <li>Catégorie manufacturière ;</li> <li>Catégorie résidentielle.</li> </ul> <li>Agriculture </li> <ul> <li>Agriculture de conservation ;</li> <li>Arboriculture ;</li> <li>Agroforesterie.</li> </ul> <li>UTCAF</li> <ul> <li>Protection des forêts ;</li> <li>Reboisement ;</li> <li>Afforestation ;</li> <li>Réduction de prélèvement de bois des forêts.</li> </ul> <li>Déchets</li> <ul> <li>Déchets solides ménagers”<br /><br /></li> </ul> <li>Energy</li> <ul> <li>Energy industries</li> <li>Energy efficiency</li> <li>Manufacturing</li> <li>Residential</li> </ul> <li>Agriculture</li> <ul> <li>Conservation agriculture</li> <li>Arboriculture</li> <li>Agroforestry</li> </ul> <li>LULUCF</li> <ul> <li>Forest protection</li> <li>Reforestation</li> <li>Afforestation</li> <li>Reduction of timber harvesting</li> </ul> <li>Waste</li> <ul> <li>Solid household waste</li> </ul> </ul>" | |
| }, | |
| "CPV": { | |
| "value": "Energy, transport, waste, AFOLU (Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use)" | |
| }, | |
| "CRI": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"100% of national emissions accounted for in the National Greenhouse Gas Inventory\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "CUB": { | |
| "value": "<p>“Teniendo en cuenta el aporte sectorial al inventario nacional de GEI, los sectores priorizados para la reducción de emisiones, que pueden constituir en la etapa actual contribuciones, son el sector de energía y la agricultura.”<br /><br />Considering the importance of economic sectors for the national GHG inventory, the priority sectors for emissions reductions for the current contributions are the energy sector and agriculture. </p>" | |
| }, | |
| "DJI": { | |
| "value": "<p>“Liste des postes et sous-postes retenus :</p> <p>Énergie <br />- Import d’électricité ; <br />- Consommation de combustibles fossiles des secteurs industriels, résidentiels, commerciaux, agriculture et transports.<br>Agriculture <br />- Fermentation entérique ; <br />- Gestion des fumiers ; <br />- Sols agricoles. <br />Déchets <br />- Déchets solides. <br />Procédés industriels <br />- Industrie du ciment.”</p> <p>List of sectors and sub-sectors included:</p> <p>Energy<br />- Imported electricity <br />- Fossil fuel combustion by the industrial, residential, commercial, agricultural and transportation sectors<br />Agriculture<br />- Enteric fermentation<br />- Manure management<br />- Agricultural soils<br />Waste<br />- Solid waste<br />Industrial processes<br />- Cement industry</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "DMA": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Energy industries; Transport; Manufacturing and construction; Commercial/institutional, residential, agriculture, forestry, fishing; Solid waste\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "DOM": { | |
| "value": "Energy; Industrial processes and product use; Agriculture; Waste; Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry" | |
| }, | |
| "DZA": { | |
| "value": "<p class=\"Default\">“Energie (Production, Transports, Bâtiment, Industrie) ; Procédés industriels ; Agriculture, Forêts et Utilisation des Terres ; Déchets.”</p> <p class=\"Default\">Energy (Production, Transport, Buildings, Industry); Industrial processes; Agriculture, Forests and Land Use; Waste.</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "ECU": { | |
| "value": "Energy" | |
| }, | |
| "EGY": { | |
| "value": "Energy (and sub-sectors); Agriculture; Waste; Industrial Processes; Oil and Natural Gas" | |
| }, | |
| "ERI": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Climate mitigation actions are proposed mainly in energy, industry, transport, forestry, agriculture (Crop and livestock) and waste sectors.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "ETH": { | |
| "value": "Sectors included are Agriculture (livestock and soil), Forestry, Transport, Electric Power, Industry (including mining) and Buildings (including Waste and Green Cities)." | |
| }, | |
| "EU28": { | |
| "value": "Energy, Industrial processes and product use, Agriculture, Waste, Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry (set out in <a href=\"http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32013D0529\" target=\"_blank\">Decision 529/2013/EU</a>)" | |
| }, | |
| "FJI": { | |
| "value": "Energy" | |
| }, | |
| "GAB": { | |
| "value": "<p>Not Specified. (While the text references several sectors, a full list of sectors covered/excluded has not been made explicit.)</p> <p>\"Avec plus de 60% des émissions directes, l’occupation du sol et son corollaire, le changement d’affectation des sols, jouent un rôle crucial dans l’atteinte des ambitieux objectifs de réduction des émissions de GES que le Gabon s’est fixé.\"<br /> Comprising more than 60 % of direct emissions, land use and its corollary, land use-change, play a crucial role in achieving ambitious GHG emissions reduction goals that Gabon has set.</p> <p>\"Le Gabon ne souhaite pas limiter sa politique Climat à la simple conservation de forêts, à l’aide de mécanismes de financement internationaux.\"<br /> Gabon does not prefer to mitigate simply through the conservation of forests, with support from international financial mechanisms.</p> <p>\"C’est pourquoi les engagements pris par le Gabon portent exclusivement sur ses émissions de GES hors stockage de carbone par la biomasse.\"><br/>This is why Gabon is focusing its commitment on GHG emissions with the exclusion of carbon stocks in forests.</p><p>\"En l’absence de précisions, ces secteurs sont exclus de la présente contribution.\"<br /> In the absence of precise information, [industrial processes (cement production) and agriculture] are excluded from this contribution.</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "GEO": { | |
| "value": "All sectors excluding LULUCF: Energy; Industrial Processes; Agriculture; and Waste. " | |
| }, | |
| "GHA": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Priority sectors: energy including transport, industrial process and product use, AFOLU and waste.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "GIN": { | |
| "value": "Agriculture, forestry, energy, water resources, coastal zone, livestock, fisheries and mines" | |
| }, | |
| "GMB": { | |
| "value": "Agriculture, Energy, Industrial Processes and Product Use (IPPU), Transport, and Waste Management." | |
| }, | |
| "GNQ": { | |
| "value": "<ul> <li>\"Energía</li> <li>Transporte</li> <li>Silvicultura, Agricultura y Cambio de Uso de Suelos</li> <li>Industria</li> <li>Residuos\"<br /><br /></li> <li>Energy </li> <li>Transport</li> <li>Forestry, Agriculture and Land Use</li> <li>Industry</li> <li>Waste</li> </ul>" | |
| }, | |
| "GRD": { | |
| "value": "Electricity; Transport; Waste; Forestry" | |
| }, | |
| "GTM": { | |
| "value": "Energy; land use, land use change, and forestry; agriculture; waste; and industrial processes." | |
| }, | |
| "GUY": { | |
| "value": "Forestry and Energy" | |
| }, | |
| "HND": { | |
| "value": "<p class=\"Default\">“Energía, Procesos Industriales, Agricultura y Residuos”</p> <p>Energy, Industrial Processes, Agriculture and Waste.</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "HTI": { | |
| "value": "<p>“Énergie; Agriculture, Forêt et changement d’affectation de terres (AFAT); Déchets”</p> <p>Energy; Agriculture, Forestry and land-use change (AFAT); Waste</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "IDN": { | |
| "value": "Energy (including Transport); Industrial Processes and Product Use; Agriculture; Land-use, Land-use Change and Forestry; Waste" | |
| }, | |
| "IND": { | |
| "value": "Not specified; various sectors mentioned for mitigation and adaptation strategies such as energy, industry, transportation, agriculture, forestry, waste." | |
| }, | |
| "IRN": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified; multiple sectors mentioned for unconditional and conditional mitigation actions such as energy, industrial processes, agriculture, forest, waste, etc." | |
| }, | |
| "IRQ": { | |
| "value": "<p>Energy, Agriculture, Industry, Waste</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "ISL": { | |
| "value": "All main sectors: Energy; Industrial processes and product use; Agriculture; Waste; Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry " | |
| }, | |
| "ISR": { | |
| "value": "Electricity generation, other energy sources, transportation, industrial processes, buildings, waste and agriculture" | |
| }, | |
| "JAM": { | |
| "value": "<p>Energy</p> <p>The energy sector is defined in accordance with IPCC guidelines, and includes the transportation sector</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "JOR": { | |
| "value": "<p>Energy (including transport), waste, industrial processes, agriculture and land-use, land-use change and forestry (LULUCF) and solvents<br>\"Furthermore, GHG emissions from bunker fuels have also been estimated and reported as a memo item (these emissions are not included in the national GHGs inventory total). In addition to the sectoral approach, the reference approach has also been used for the estimation of CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from the overall fuel consumption figures for the time frame between 2000-2010.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "JPN": { | |
| "value": "<p>All sectors and categories encompassing the following:</p> <p>(a) Energy<br />-Fuel Combustion (Energy industries, Manufacturing industries and Construction, Transport, Commercial/Institutional, Residential, Agriculture/Forestry/Fishing, and Other)<br />-Fugitive emissions from fuels<br />-CO<sub>2</sub> transport and storage<br />(b) Industrial processes and product use<br />(c) Agriculture<br />(d) Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry (LULUCF)<br />(e) Waste</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "KAZ": { | |
| "value": "Energy, Agriculture, Waste, Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry" | |
| }, | |
| "KEN": { | |
| "value": "The IPCC Guidelines for all sectors: Energy, Transportation, Industrial Processes, Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU) and waste sector." | |
| }, | |
| "KGZ": { | |
| "value": "Energy; Industrial processes, solvents and other product use; Agriculture; Land use, land use change and forestry; Waste" | |
| }, | |
| "KHM": { | |
| "value": "Energy Industries; Manufacturing Industries; Transport; Waste; Buildings; and Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry" | |
| }, | |
| "KIR": { | |
| "value": "<p>Energy sector: Power and Transport</p> <p>Maritime and coastal sector including mangrove, coastal vegetation and seagrass beds</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "KNA": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"All the economic sectors are covered and targeted into St. Kitts and Nevis’ national contributions, but with special attention to the Energy and Transport sectors, since they are the highest contributors to the GHG national matrix. The high percentage of consumption is based on fossil fuels.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "KOR": { | |
| "value": "Energy, industrial processes and product use, agriculture and waste. (A decision on whether to include land use, land-use change and forestry (LULUCF) will be made at a later stage.)" | |
| }, | |
| "KWT": { | |
| "value": "<p>Energy; Industrial Processes; Waste; Agriculture</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "LAO": { | |
| "value": "The INDC includes proposed measures and actions in the Energy, Transport, and Forestry sectors." | |
| }, | |
| "LBN": { | |
| "value": "Energy, industrial processes and other product use, agriculture, land-use, land-use change and forestry, and waste." | |
| }, | |
| "LBR": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"The sectors covered are energy, transport and waste\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "LCA": { | |
| "value": "Energy; Electricity Generation; Transport" | |
| }, | |
| "LKA": { | |
| "value": "Energy, Transportation, Industry, Waste and Forestry" | |
| }, | |
| "LSO": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"The SNC shows that three major sectors account for the emissions burden of the country. These are Energy (including transportation), Agriculture and Waste sector. However, in the SNC, emissions from forestry and other land uses, as well as in industrial processes have not been analysed since they have a relatively insignificant share in total GHG emissions. However, the in the future these will be monitored and analysed to establish the emerging trends with time.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "MAR": { | |
| "value": "<ul> <li>Energy </li> <ul> <li>Energy production </li> <li>Energy demand (households, transport, industry, services, agriculture and fisheries) </li> </ul> <li>Industrial Processes </li> <ul> <li>Cement industry </li> <li>Steel and metal manufacturing </li> <li>Other industries </li> </ul> <li>Agriculture </li> <ul> <li>Enteric fermentation and manure management </li> <li>Cropping systems </li> <li>Land-­‐use for agriculture </li> </ul> <li>Waste </li> <ul> <li>Solid waste </li> <li>Waste water </li> </ul> <li>Land-­use, land-­use change and forestry (LULUCF) </li> <ul> <li>Natural forests </li> <li>Afforestation and reforestation </li> <li>Arboriculture </li> <li>Firewood from forests </li> <li>Firewood from orchards </li> <li>Forest fires</li> </ul> </ul>" | |
| }, | |
| "MCO": { | |
| "value": "All sectors are covered (see details regarding forests)." | |
| }, | |
| "MDA": { | |
| "value": "<p>Energy; Industrial Processes and Product Use; Agriculture; Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry; and Waste.</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "MDG": { | |
| "value": "Energy, Agriculture, LULUCF, Waste" | |
| }, | |
| "MDV": { | |
| "value": "<ul> <li>Energy</li> <ul> <li>Electricity generation</li> <li>Energy Efficiency – domestic consumption</li> <li>Energy Efficiency – processes and product use</li> </ul> <li>Transportation</li> <li>Waste</li> </ul>" | |
| }, | |
| "MEX": { | |
| "value": "Energy; Industrial processes and product use; Agriculture; Waste; Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry" | |
| }, | |
| "MHL": { | |
| "value": "<ul> <li>Energy</li> <ul> <li>Electricity Generation</li> <li>Transport (land and shipping)</li> <li>Other (cooking and lighting)</li> </ul> <li>Waste</li> </ul> [Note: emissions from sectors not listed are negligible]" | |
| }, | |
| "MKD": { | |
| "value": "<p>Energy supply, buildings and transport</p> <p>\"Emissions from agriculture, forestry and other land uses, as well as in industrial processes and waste have not been analyzed since they have a relatively small share in total GHG emissions.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "MLI": { | |
| "value": "<p>“Énergie, Agriculture, Forêts et changement d’utilisation des terres”</p> <p>Energy, Agriculture, Forestry and Land-Use Change</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "MMR": { | |
| "value": "Various sectors mentioned for its mitigation actions and policies, such as forestry, energy, transport, waste, and agriculture." | |
| }, | |
| "MNE": { | |
| "value": "<p>Sectors included are:</p>Energy: Fuel Combustion, Fugitive emissions from fuels, and CO<sub>2</sub> transport and storage.</p><p>Industrial processes: Mineral industry, Chemical industry, Metal industry, Non-energy products from fuels and solvent use, Electronic industry, Product uses as substitutes for ODS, Other Product Manufacture and Use, and Other.</p><p>Agriculture: Livestock, and Aggregate sources and non-CO2 emissions sources on land.</p><p>Waste</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "MNG": { | |
| "value": "The INDC of Mongolia includes proposed measures and additional actions for energy (including transport), industrial processes, agriculture and waste." | |
| }, | |
| "MOZ": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"The presently identified actions are related to energy (electricity production, transports and other – residential, commercial and institutional), land use, land use change and forestry (REDD+) and waste (solid waste disposal and treatment).</p> <p>Despite the above identified actions, the country still has potential actions in other sectors such as industry, agriculture including in the other energy sub-sectors.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "MRT": { | |
| "value": "<p><strong>“</strong>Energie, Agriculture, Foresterie et Affectation des terres, Procédés Industriels et Utilisation des Produits ainsi que les déchets”</p> <p>Energy, Agriculture, Forestry and Land Use, Industrial Processes and Product Use and Waste</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "MUS": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"The contribution is from the major sectors: Energy, Transportation, Industry, Agriculture, Forestry, land use and solid waste management.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "MWI": { | |
| "value": "energy; industrial processes and product unit (IPPU); agriculture forest and other land use (AFOLU); and waste" | |
| }, | |
| "MYS": { | |
| "value": "Energy, Industrial Processes, Waste, Agriculture, Land Use, Land Use Change and Forestry (LULUCF)" | |
| }, | |
| "NAM": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"The sectors covered in this INDC are the four IPCC sectors Energy, Industrial Production and Product Use, Agriculture Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU) changes, and Waste.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "NER": { | |
| "value": "<p>“AFOLU (Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Uses), Energie”</p> <p>AFOLU (Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Uses), Energy</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "NGA": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"IPCC guidelines and definitions were used for all sectors\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "NIU": { | |
| "value": "Electricity" | |
| }, | |
| "NOR": { | |
| "value": "Energy; Industrial processes and product use; Agriculture; Land-use, land-use change and forestry; Waste. " | |
| }, | |
| "NPL": { | |
| "value": "Various sectors mentioned for its mitigaiton and adaptation actions, such as energy, transporation, forestry, etc. " | |
| }, | |
| "NRU": { | |
| "value": "Sectoral (energy sector) commitment focussed on a transition to renewable energy in the electricity generation sector and energy efficiency through demand side management." | |
| }, | |
| "NZL": { | |
| "value": "The target is economy-wide covering all sectors: Energy; Industrial processes and product use; Agriculture; Forestry and other land use; Waste" | |
| }, | |
| "OMN": { | |
| "value": "Energy; lndustrial processes; Waste" | |
| }, | |
| "PAK": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified; Pakistan communicated that \"Potential for mitigation exists in all sectors of the economy.\"" | |
| }, | |
| "PAN": { | |
| "value": "Analysis in progress" | |
| }, | |
| "PER": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified; however, Peru communiated that:<br>\"The categories considered in the 2010 National GHG Inventory are similar to those considered in the projections of the BaU scenario. In the BaU scenario projections, the emissions from international aviation and freight were not considered due to lack of an agreed accounting framework; nor were considered emissions from rail or sea national transport, since they have marginal percentage participation in the subcategory \"Transport\" and detailed information is not available. The \"Solvent and product use” category has zero emissions.\"" | |
| }, | |
| "PHL": { | |
| "value": "Energy, Transport, Waste, Forestry and Industry." | |
| }, | |
| "PLW": { | |
| "value": "Energy (electricity generation), transport and waste sectors" | |
| }, | |
| "PNG": { | |
| "value": "No explicit coverage of sectors, although Papua New Guinea communicates sectoral actions." | |
| }, | |
| "PRK": { | |
| "value": "Analysis in progress" | |
| }, | |
| "PRY": { | |
| "value": "<p>“Todos los sectores citados en las guías metodológicas del IPCC para la realización de los inventarios de gases de efecto invernadero”</p> <p>All sectors included in the IPCC methodological guidelines for conducting greenhouse gas inventories.</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "QAT": { | |
| "value": "Various sectors mentioned for its mitigation and adaptation actions, such as energy, transport, waste, etc." | |
| }, | |
| "RUS": { | |
| "value": "Economy-wide, in particular, as determined by decisions of the UNFCCC Conference of the Parties on reporting: Energy; Industrial processes and products use; Agriculture; Land use, land-use change and forestry; Waste." | |
| }, | |
| "RWA": { | |
| "value": "Energy, Transport , Industry, Waste and Forestry" | |
| }, | |
| "SAU": { | |
| "value": "Energy efficiency; Renewable energies; Carbon Capture and Utilization/Storage; Utilization of gas; Methane recovery and fare minimization." | |
| }, | |
| "SDN": { | |
| "value": "1- Energy (Electrical power)<br />2- Forestry sector<br />3- Waste sector<br />\"Geographic coverage for energy and forest sectors include contributions to be implemented in most of the (18) states of Sudan, however, for the waste sector it includes only Khartoum state.\"" | |
| }, | |
| "SEN": { | |
| "value": "<p>“Les activités qui génèrent des réductions d’émissions de GES seront réalisées dans les sous-secteurs suivants : (1) l’énergie, à travers la production de l’électricité, l’efficacité énergétique et le transport, (2) l’Agriculture Foresterie et Autres Affectation des Terres (AFAT) à travers la gestion des fumiers, la riziculture, les sols agricoles, les engrais organiques, les terres forestières et les plantations,(3) l’industrie et (4) la gestion des déchets par le biais des traitements des déchets solides, des eaux usées industrielles, domestiques et commerciales.”</p> <p>Greenhouse gas emissions reductions activities will be carried out in the following sub-sectors: (1) Energy, through electricity production, energy efficiency and transport (2) Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU), through manure management, rice cultivation, agricultural soils, organic fertilizers, forest lands and plantations, (3) Industry and (4) Waste management, through the treatment of solid waste, industrial waste water, domestic and commercial waste.</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "SGP": { | |
| "value": "Energy, Industrial Processes and Product Use, Agriculture, Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry, Waste." | |
| }, | |
| "SLB": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Energy sector:<br />Power (39%)<br />Transport (61%)<br />Renewable and EE<br />Land use, Land Use Change and Forestry\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "SLE": { | |
| "value": "Energy, Industrial Processes, Agriculture, Forestry and other Land Use (AFOLU) and waste sector" | |
| }, | |
| "SLV": { | |
| "value": "<p>Not specified; various sectors mentioned for mitigation plans and actions, such as water, energy, forest and agriculture.</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "SMR": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Sectors covered: energy; industrial processes and product use; agriculture; land-use, land use change and forestry; waste.</p><p>San Marino supports the inclusion of international aviation and shipping on the basis of future internationally agreed rules applicable to all parties.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "SOM": { | |
| "value": "Various sectors mentioned for its mitigation and adaptation actions and policies, such as forestry, energy, transport, waste, and agriculture." | |
| }, | |
| "SSD": { | |
| "value": "Energy generation and energy end use; Transport; and Land Use and Land Use Change" | |
| }, | |
| "STP": { | |
| "value": "The scope of the contribution covers all sectors of the national economy." | |
| }, | |
| "SUR": { | |
| "value": "Forests and Renewable Energy" | |
| }, | |
| "SWZ": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"The development of a robust national GHG inventory covers all IPCC sectors. Whilst additional actions specific to the energy, transport and industrial processes sector are also covered by Swaziland’s INDC.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "SYC": { | |
| "value": "<ul> <li>Energy</li> <ul> <li>Public electricity (generation and demand side management)</li> <li>Land transport</li> </ul> <li>Waste</li> <ul> <li>Solid waste management</li> </ul> </ul> <p>[sectors not listed do not contribute significantly to emissions; opportunities for emission reductions in LULUCF are limited]</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "TCD": { | |
| "value": "<p>“Énergie, Agriculture/Elevage, Affectation des terres et Foresterie, Déchets.\"</p> <p>Energy, Agriculture / Livestock, Land Use and Forestry, Waste.</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "TGO": { | |
| "value": "Energy, agriculture, and land use, land-use change and forestry; human settlements (buildings and cities) and health; coastal erosion. " | |
| }, | |
| "THA": { | |
| "value": "Economy-wide (Inclusion of land use, land-use change and forestry will be decided later)" | |
| }, | |
| "TJK": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Basic spheres of economic activity, included in the INDC the Republic of Tajikistan:</p><p>- Power industry and water resources;</p><p>- Industry and construction;</p><p>- Land use, agriculture and gardening and grazing;</p><p>- Forestry and biodiversity;</p><p>- Transportation and infrastructure.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "TKM": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"INDC includes GHG Inventory results in the following sectors: Energy; Industrial processes; Agriculture; and Waste.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "TLS": { | |
| "value": "Analysis in progress" | |
| }, | |
| "TON": { | |
| "value": "Energy - Electricity (23% of 2006 emissions); Transport; Agriculture; Waste" | |
| }, | |
| "TTO": { | |
| "value": "Transportation (for unconditional target)" | |
| }, | |
| "TUN": { | |
| "value": "Energy; industrial processes; agriculture, forestry and other land use (AFOLU); waste" | |
| }, | |
| "TUR": { | |
| "value": "Energy, industrial processes and products use, agriculture, land use land-use change and forestry, and waste sectors." | |
| }, | |
| "TUV": { | |
| "value": "Energy (Electiricty generation, Transportation, Other (Cooking)<br>Conditional target: Agriculture; Waste" | |
| }, | |
| "UGA": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"The mitigation contribution covers the energy (excluding transport) and Land Use Land Use Change and Forestry sectors, in particular forestry and wetlands.\"<br />\"The additional mitigation ambition also covers agriculture and transport.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "UKR": { | |
| "value": "energy; industrial processes and product use; agriculture, land use, land-use change and forestry; waste." | |
| }, | |
| "URY": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"The contributions target all emitting sectors as acknowledged by IPCC inventory guidelines and are nationwide.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "VCT": { | |
| "value": "<p>Energy (including domestic transport); Industrial processes and product use; Agriculture; Land use, land use change and forestry; Waste</p> <p>\"Potential emissions reductions from Industrial Processes and Product Use, Agriculture and Land Use, Land Use Change and Forestry were not considered, although these sectors are included in the baseline inventory and therefore the ‘economy-wide’ savings.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "VEN": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Emisiones de dióxido de carbono derivadas de la quema de combustibles fósiles y de la fabricación de cemento. Incluyen el dióxido de carbono producido por el consumo de combustibles sólidos, líquidos, gases combustibles y la quema de gas.\"</p><p>Emissions of carbon dioxide from the burning of fossil fuels and cement manufacturing. They include carbon dioxide produced by the consumption of solid, liquid, gas fuels and gas flaring.</p><p>Various sectors mentioned for mitigation and adaptation actions, including industry, electricity, building, transportation, agriculture, water, forestry, waste, etc.</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "VNM": { | |
| "value": "The entire economy, including the following sectors:<p>1. Energy<br />a. Fuel combustion:<br />- Energy industries;<br />- Manufacturing industries and construction;<br />- Transport;<br />- Others: residential, agriculture and commercial services.<br />b. Fugitive emissions:<br />- Coal mining;<br />- Natural gas and oil.<br />2. Agriculture<br />- Enteric fermentation;<br />- Manure management;<br />- Rice cultivation;<br />- Agriculture soils;<br />- Prescribed burning of savannas;<br />- Field burning of agricultural residues.<br />3. Land Use, Land Use Change and Forestry (LULUCF)<br />- Forest land;<br />- Cropland;<br />- Grassland;<br />- Wetlands;<br />- Settlements;<br />- Other land.<br />4. Waste<br />- Solid waste landfills;<br />- Industrial wastewater;<br />- Domestic wastewater;<br />- Human waste;<br />- Waste incineration.</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "VUT": { | |
| "value": "<p>“Mainly electricity generation sub-sector but with ancillary mitigation possible in forestry, agriculture, transport and energy efficiency sector wide.”<p/>" | |
| }, | |
| "WSM": { | |
| "value": "Energy " | |
| }, | |
| "YEM": { | |
| "value": "<p>Energy: Energy production and Energy demand (households, transport, industry, services, agriculture and fisheries)<br />Agriculture: Cropping systems, Land-use for agriculture and forestry and Solar PV water pumping systems for irrigation<br />Wastes: Solid wastes and Wastewater</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "ZAF": { | |
| "value": "Energy, IPPU, waste and AFOLU (agriculture, forestry and other land use). " | |
| }, | |
| "ZMB": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Energy ( i.e. manufacturing, commercial, residential, agriculture, transport, mining and electricity)</p><p>Agriculture ( i.e. Enteric Fermentation and Manure Management, Rice Methane, Agriculture Soils, Burning of Savanna and Agriculture waste)<p></p>Waste (i.e. Solid waste disposal, Solid waste open burning, Domestic wastewater handling, Industrial wastewater handling and Human sewage)</p><p>Land-use, Land-Use Change and Forestry (LULUCF): Sources- (i.e. Deforestation and forest degradation through land clearing for agriculture, uncontrolled fires, infrastructure, timber harvesting, and charcoal production. Sinks-Regeneration from abandoned land from disturbed forests (firewood collection, charcoal production and timber harvesting), agriculture farrow and plantations, afforestation and reforestation).\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "ZWE": { | |
| "value": "Energy" | |
| } | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "id": 22, | |
| "name": "Sectors covered", | |
| "slug": "sectors_covered", | |
| "category_id": 3, | |
| "labels": { | |
| "43": { | |
| "name": "All Sectors including LULUCF", | |
| "color": "#0099CC" | |
| }, | |
| "44": { | |
| "name": "All Sectors excluding LULUCF", | |
| "color": "#003F6A" | |
| }, | |
| "45": { | |
| "name": "Partial Sectors", | |
| "color": "#F0AB00" | |
| }, | |
| "46": { | |
| "name": "Not Specified", | |
| "color": "#828282" | |
| }, | |
| "47": { | |
| "name": "No INDC submitted", | |
| "color": "#E1E1E1" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "locations": {} | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "id": 23, | |
| "name": "Greenhouse gases covered", | |
| "slug": "greenhouse_gases_covered", | |
| "category_id": 3, | |
| "labels": { | |
| "48": { | |
| "name": "Seven Kyoto Gases", | |
| "color": "#0099CC" | |
| }, | |
| "49": { | |
| "name": "Six Kyoto Gases", | |
| "color": "#97BD3D" | |
| }, | |
| "50": { | |
| "name": "Six Kyoto Gases and Black Carbon", | |
| "color": "#003F6A" | |
| }, | |
| "51": { | |
| "name": "Partial Gases", | |
| "color": "#F0AB00" | |
| }, | |
| "52": { | |
| "name": "Not Specified", | |
| "color": "#828282" | |
| }, | |
| "53": { | |
| "name": "No INDC submitted", | |
| "color": "#E1E1E1" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "locations": { | |
| "AFG": { | |
| "value": "Carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>), methane (CH<sub>4</sub>), and nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O)", | |
| "label_id": 51 | |
| }, | |
| "AGO": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"The contribution of Angola is based on the estimation of carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>), methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) and nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O) for all economic sectors. F-gases emissions are not counted as they were considered negligible across the country.\"</p>", | |
| "label_id": 51 | |
| }, | |
| "ALB": { | |
| "value": "Carbon Dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>)<p>\"Having high uncertainty of data regarding non CO<sub>2</sub> greenhouse gases results that Albania is to provide its INDC regarding CO<sub>2</sub>. If data quality of non‐CO<sub>2</sub> greenhouse gases improves, Albania intends to expand its INDC to other greenhouse gases as well.\"</p>", | |
| "label_id": 51 | |
| }, | |
| "AND": { | |
| "value": "Les gaz suivants, non réglementés par le protocole de Montréal: dioxyde de carbone (CO<sub>2</sub>), méthane (CH<sub>4</sub>), oxyde nitreux (N<sub>2</sub>O) et hexafluorure de soufre (SF<sub>6</sub>).<br>The following gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol: carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>), methane (CH<sub>4</sub>), nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O) and sulfur hexafluoride (SF<sub>6</sub>).", | |
| "label_id": 51 | |
| }, | |
| "ARE": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified", | |
| "label_id": 52 | |
| }, | |
| "ARG": { | |
| "value": "Carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>); Methane (CH<sub>4)</sub>; Nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O); Hydrofluorocarbons (HFC); Perfluorocarbons (PFC); and Sulfur Hexafluoride (SF<sub>6</sub>)", | |
| "label_id": 49 | |
| }, | |
| "ARM": { | |
| "value": "<p>CO<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>O, and HFCs.</p>", | |
| "label_id": 51 | |
| }, | |
| "ATG": { | |
| "value": "The national GHG inventory covers Carbon Dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>), Methane (CH<sub>4</sub>), Nitrous Oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O), and Hydrofluorocarbons (HFC).", | |
| "label_id": 51 | |
| }, | |
| "AUS": { | |
| "value": "<p>Carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>; Methane (CH<sub>4</sub>); Nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O); Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs); Perfluorocarbons (PFCs); Sulphur hexafluoride (SF<sub>6</sub>); Nitrogen trifluoride (NF<sub>3</sub>)</p>", | |
| "label_id": 48 | |
| }, | |
| "AZE": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"CO<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>O, HFC, CF<sub>4</sub>\"</p>", | |
| "label_id": 51 | |
| }, | |
| "BDI": { | |
| "value": "Energy: CO<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O<br />Agriculture & livestock: CH<sub>4</sub> and N<sub>2O</sub><br />Land use and forestry: CO<sub>2</sub>", | |
| "label_id": 51 | |
| }, | |
| "BEN": { | |
| "value": "<p>CO<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>0</p>", | |
| "label_id": 51 | |
| }, | |
| "BFA": { | |
| "value": "CO<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>O, NOX, CO", | |
| "label_id": 51 | |
| }, | |
| "BGD": { | |
| "value": "<p>CO<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>O, HFCs, PFCs, and SF<sub>6</sub>.", | |
| "label_id": 49 | |
| }, | |
| "BHR": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified", | |
| "label_id": 52 | |
| }, | |
| "BIH": { | |
| "value": "Carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>), Methane (CH<sub>4</sub>); Nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O)", | |
| "label_id": 51 | |
| }, | |
| "BLR": { | |
| "value": "carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>); methane (CH<sub>4</sub>); nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O); hydroflurocarbons (HFCs); perfluorocarbons (PFCs); sulphur hexafluorides (SF<sub>6</sub>)", | |
| "label_id": 49 | |
| }, | |
| "BLZ": { | |
| "value": "carbon dioxide", | |
| "label_id": 51 | |
| }, | |
| "BOL": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified", | |
| "label_id": 52 | |
| }, | |
| "BRA": { | |
| "value": "<p>CO<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>O, Perfluorocarbons, Hydrofluorocarbons and SF<sub>6</sub></p>", | |
| "label_id": 49 | |
| }, | |
| "BRB": { | |
| "value": "<ul> <li>Carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>)</li> <li>Methane (CH<sub>4</sub>)</li> <li>Nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O)</li> <li>HFCs</li> <li>Sulphur Hexafluoride (SF<sub>6</sub>)</li> </ul><p>\"Note: PFCs have not been estimated in the 2010 GHG inventory for Barbados. Barbados is committed to the provisions of the Montreal Protocol. HCFCs are scheduled for global phase out by 2030 and Barbados is already on a phase-out schedule with a 35% reduction forecasted by 2020. HFCs are on the rise nationally and globally but Barbados is committed to the transition to natural refrigerants with no-Ozone Depleting Potential (ODP), and little or no-ODP. This aspect has not been included in the GHG mitigation scenarios that have been undertaken for this INDC.\"</p>", | |
| "label_id": 51 | |
| }, | |
| "BRN": { | |
| "value": "Carbon dioxide", | |
| "label_id": 51 | |
| }, | |
| "BTN": { | |
| "value": "Carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide", | |
| "label_id": 51 | |
| }, | |
| "BWA": { | |
| "value": "<p>CO<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O", | |
| "label_id": 51 | |
| }, | |
| "CAF": { | |
| "value": "<p>Carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>), methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) and nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O), representing more than 75% of the national anthropogenic emissions.</p>", | |
| "label_id": 51 | |
| }, | |
| "CAN": { | |
| "value": "Carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>), Methane (CH<sub>4</sub>), Nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O), Sulphur hexafluoride (SF<sub>6</sub>), Perfluorocarbons (PFCs), Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), Nitrogen trifluoride (NF<sub>3</sub>)", | |
| "label_id": 48 | |
| }, | |
| "CHE": { | |
| "value": "CO<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>O, HFCs, PFCs, SF<sub>6</sub>, NF<sub>3</sub>", | |
| "label_id": 48 | |
| }, | |
| "CHL": { | |
| "value": "Those listed in the National Greenhouse Gas Inventory (1990-2010); that is, carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>), methane (CH<sub>4</sub>), nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O), hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) and perfluorocarbon (PFC).", | |
| "label_id": 51 | |
| }, | |
| "CHN": { | |
| "value": "Carbon dioxide", | |
| "label_id": 51 | |
| }, | |
| "CMR": { | |
| "value": "<p class=\"Default\">“Dioxyde de carbone (CO<sub>2</sub>), méthane (CH<sub>4</sub>), oxyde nitreux (N<sub>2</sub>O)”</p> <p class=\"Default\">Carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>), methane (CH<sub>4</sub>), nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O) </p>", | |
| "label_id": 51 | |
| }, | |
| "COD": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Les GES concernés sont le CO<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub> et N<sub>2</sub>O.\"</p> <p>The GHGs included are CO<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>0.</p>", | |
| "label_id": 51 | |
| }, | |
| "COG": { | |
| "value": "<p class=\"Default\"><span data-mce-mark=\"1\">“CO<sub>2</sub>, CH4, N<span data-mce-mark=\"1\"><sub>2</sub></span>0 (HFC, PFC, SF<span data-mce-mark=\"1\"><sub>6</sub></span> et NF<sub>3</sub> seront couverts ultérieurement)”</span></p> <p class=\"Default\"><span data-mce-mark=\"1\">CO<sub>2</sub>, CH4, N<span data-mce-mark=\"1\"><sub>2</sub></span>0 (HFC, PFC, SF<span data-mce-mark=\"1\"><sub>6</sub></span> and NF<sub>3</sub> will be covered later)</span></p>", | |
| "label_id": 51 | |
| }, | |
| "COK": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified; CO<sub>2</sub> implied from Figure 2 of the INDC", | |
| "label_id": 51 | |
| }, | |
| "COL": { | |
| "value": "CO<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>O, HFCs, PFCs, SF<sub>6</sub>", | |
| "label_id": 49 | |
| }, | |
| "COM": { | |
| "value": "<ul> <li>“Dioxyde de carbone (CO<sub>2</sub>) ;</li> <li>Méthane (CH<sub>4</sub>) ;</li> <li>Oxyde nitreux (N<sub>2</sub>O) ;</li> <li>Les gaz fluorés ne comptent que pour une partie infime des émissions et leur élimination progressive est en cours depuis déjà plusieurs années.”</li> </ul> <ul> <li>Carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>)</li> <li>Methane (CH<sub>4</sub>)</li> <li>Nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O)</li> <li>Fluorinated gases account for only a minimal part of emissions and their gradual elimination has been in progress for several years already. </li> </ul>", | |
| "label_id": 51 | |
| }, | |
| "CPV": { | |
| "value": "Carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>); methane (CH<sub>4</sub>); and nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O)", | |
| "label_id": 51 | |
| }, | |
| "CRI": { | |
| "value": "CO<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>O, HFCs, PFCs, and SF<sub>6</sub>", | |
| "label_id": 49 | |
| }, | |
| "CUB": { | |
| "value": "<p class=\"Default\"><span data-mce-mark=\"1\">“Entre los GEI reconocidos por el protocolo de Kioto, las acciones de reducción de emisiones previstas se refieren principalmente a tres gases: CO<span data-mce-mark=\"1\"><sub>2</sub></span>, CH<span data-mce-mark=\"1\"><sub>4</sub></span>, N<span data-mce-mark=\"1\"><sub>2</sub></span>O.”</span></p> <p class=\"Default\"><span data-mce-mark=\"1\">Among the GHGs recognized by the Kyoto Protocol, the planned emissions reduction actions concern mainly three gases: CO<span data-mce-mark=\"1\"><sub>2</sub></span>, CH<span data-mce-mark=\"1\"><sub>4</sub></span>, N<span data-mce-mark=\"1\"><sub>2</sub></span>O.</span></p>", | |
| "label_id": 51 | |
| }, | |
| "DJI": { | |
| "value": "<p>“La contribution de la République de Djibouti repose sur l’estimation des émissions de dioxyde de carbone (CO<sub>2</sub>), de méthane (CH<sub>4</sub>) et d’oxyde nitreux (N<sub>2</sub>O) pour l’ensemble des secteurs économiques. Les émissions de gaz fluorés ne sont pas comptabilisées parce qu’elles sont jugées négligeables à l’échelle du pays.”</p> <p>The contribution of the Republic of Djibouti is based on emission projections for carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>), methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) and nitrous oxides (N<sub>2</sub>O) for all economic sectors. Emissions from fluorinated gases are not accounted for because they are negligible on the national level.</p>", | |
| "label_id": 51 | |
| }, | |
| "DMA": { | |
| "value": "<p>CO<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>O, and HFC</p>", | |
| "label_id": 51 | |
| }, | |
| "DOM": { | |
| "value": "Carbon Dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>); Methane (CH<sub>4</sub>); Nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O)", | |
| "label_id": 51 | |
| }, | |
| "DZA": { | |
| "value": "<p>“<span data-mce-mark=\"1\">Dioxyde de Carbone (СО<span data-mce-mark=\"1\"><sub>2</sub></span>), Méthane (СН<span data-mce-mark=\"1\"><sub>4</sub></span>), Protoxyde d’azote (N<span data-mce-mark=\"1\"><sub>2</sub></span>O)”<br /></span><br />Carbon dioxide (СО<sub>2</sub>), Methane (СН<sub>4</sub>), Nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O)</p>", | |
| "label_id": 51 | |
| }, | |
| "ECU": { | |
| "value": "<p>Carbon dioxide, methane<br />Ecuador also addresses nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, particulate matter, nitrogen oxide and sulfur dioxide</p>", | |
| "label_id": 51 | |
| }, | |
| "EGY": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified", | |
| "label_id": 52 | |
| }, | |
| "ERI": { | |
| "value": "<p>Carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>), Methane (CH<sub>4</sub>), and Nitrous Oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O)</p>", | |
| "label_id": 51 | |
| }, | |
| "ETH": { | |
| "value": "Carbon Dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>), Methane (CH<sub>4)</sub> and Nitrous Oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O), which are considered priority gases in the Ethiopian Green Economy Strategy.", | |
| "label_id": 51 | |
| }, | |
| "EU28": { | |
| "value": "All greenhouse gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol: Carbon Dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>), Methane (CH<sub>4</sub>), Nitrous Oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O), Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), Perfluorocarbons (PFCs), Sulphur hexafluoride (SF<sub>6</sub>), Nitrogen trifluoride (NF<sub>3</sub>)", | |
| "label_id": 48 | |
| }, | |
| "FJI": { | |
| "value": "CO<sub>2</sub>", | |
| "label_id": 51 | |
| }, | |
| "GAB": { | |
| "value": "CO<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>O (HFC, PFC, SF<sub>6</sub> et NF<sub>3</sub> seront couverts ultérieurement)<br>CO<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>O (HFC, PFC, SF<sub>6</sub> and NF<sub>3</sub> will be covered at a later stage)", | |
| "label_id": 51 | |
| }, | |
| "GEO": { | |
| "value": "<p><span>Carbon Dioxide (CO</span><sub><span>2)</span></sub><span>, Methane (CH</span><sub><span>4)</span></sub><span>, Nitrous Oxide (N</span><sub><span>2</span></sub><span>O), Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), Perfluorocarbons (PFCs), Sulphur hexafluoride (SF</span><sub><span>6).</span></sub></p>", | |
| "label_id": 49 | |
| }, | |
| "GHA": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Carbon dioxide (CO2), Methane (CH4), and Nitrous Oxide (N2O). Abatement of fluorinated-gases (HFC-22 and HFC-410) from stationery air-conditioners is included.\"</p>", | |
| "label_id": 51 | |
| }, | |
| "GIN": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified", | |
| "label_id": 52 | |
| }, | |
| "GMB": { | |
| "value": "Carbon Dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>), Methane (CH<sub>4</sub>), Nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O), Nitrogen Oxides (NOx), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), sulfur hexafluoride (SF<sub>6</sub>), and Nitrogen Trifluoride (NF<sub>3</sub>)", | |
| "label_id": 48 | |
| }, | |
| "GNQ": { | |
| "value": "<p>“[…] el Dióxido de Carbono (CO<sub>2</sub>) y el Metano (CH<sub>4</sub>) tienen el mayor aporte al calentamiento, mientras que los aportes de Óxido Nitroso (N<sub>2</sub>O) son prácticamente despreciables en el país con solo un 1 % de las emisiones.”</p> <p>[...] Carbon Dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) and methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) have the greatest contribution to warming, while the contributions of nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O) are almost negligible in the country with only 1% of emissions.</p>", | |
| "label_id": 51 | |
| }, | |
| "GRD": { | |
| "value": "<p>Carbon Dioxide, Methane<br />\"CFCs emissions are covered under the Montreal protocol. Emissions of other gases such as Nitrous oxide are assumed to be very little as to be considered negligible\"</p>", | |
| "label_id": 51 | |
| }, | |
| "GTM": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Dióxido de carbono (CO<sub>2</sub>), metano (CH<sub>4</sub>) y óxido Nitroso (N<sub>2</sub>O) (expresados en CO<sub>2</sub> equivalente).</p> <p>CO<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub>, and N<sub>2</sub>O (expressed in CO<sub>2</sub> equivalent).\"</p>", | |
| "label_id": 51 | |
| }, | |
| "GUY": { | |
| "value": "<p>CO<sub>2</sub></p>", | |
| "label_id": 51 | |
| }, | |
| "HND": { | |
| "value": "<p>“Dióxido de carbono (CO<sub>2</sub>), metano (CH<sub>4</sub>) y óxido nitroso (N<sub>2</sub>O)”</p> <p>Carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>), methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) and nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O).</p>", | |
| "label_id": 51 | |
| }, | |
| "HTI": { | |
| "value": "<p>CO<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>O</p>", | |
| "label_id": 51 | |
| }, | |
| "IDN": { | |
| "value": "Carbon Dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>); Methane (CH<sub>4</sub>); Nitrous Oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O)", | |
| "label_id": 51 | |
| }, | |
| "IND": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified", | |
| "label_id": 52 | |
| }, | |
| "IRN": { | |
| "value": "SF<sub>6</sub>, PFCs, HFCs, NF<sub>3</sub>, CO<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>O", | |
| "label_id": 48 | |
| }, | |
| "IRQ": { | |
| "value": "<p>CO<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>0</p>", | |
| "label_id": 51 | |
| }, | |
| "ISL": { | |
| "value": "The INDC includes the following GHGs: Carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>), Methane (CH<sub>4</sub>), Nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O), Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), Perfluorocarbons (PFCs), Sulfur hexafluoride (SF<sub>6</sub>), Nitrous trifluoride (NF<sub>3</sub>)", | |
| "label_id": 48 | |
| }, | |
| "ISR": { | |
| "value": "Carbon Dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>), Methane (CH<sub>4</sub>), Nitrous Oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O), Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), Perfluorocarbons (PFCs), Sulphur Hexafluoride (SF<sub>6</sub>)", | |
| "label_id": 49 | |
| }, | |
| "JAM": { | |
| "value": "Carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, non-methane volatile organic compounds, sulphur dioxide", | |
| "label_id": 51 | |
| }, | |
| "JOR": { | |
| "value": "Carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>); Methane (CH<sub>4</sub>); Nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O); Sulphur hexafluoride (SF<sub>6</sub>); Perfluorocarbons (PFCs); and Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs)", | |
| "label_id": 49 | |
| }, | |
| "JPN": { | |
| "value": "CO<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>O, HFCs, PFCs, SF<sub>6</sub> and NF<sub>3</sub>", | |
| "label_id": 48 | |
| }, | |
| "KAZ": { | |
| "value": "<p>Carbon Dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>); Methane (CH<sub>4</sub>); Nitrous Oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O); Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs); Perfluorocarbons (PFCs); Sulphur hexafluoride (SF<sub>6</sub>)</p>", | |
| "label_id": 49 | |
| }, | |
| "KEN": { | |
| "value": "Carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>), Methane (CH<sub>4</sub>), and Nitrous Oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O) are prioritised.", | |
| "label_id": 51 | |
| }, | |
| "KGZ": { | |
| "value": "Carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>); Methane (CH<sub>4</sub>); Nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O); Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs); Perfluorocarbons (PFCs); Sulfur hexafluoride (SF<sub>6</sub>); Nitrogen trifluoride (NF<sub>3</sub>)", | |
| "label_id": 48 | |
| }, | |
| "KHM": { | |
| "value": "<p>Carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>), Methane (CH<sub>4</sub>), Nitrous Oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O)</p>", | |
| "label_id": 51 | |
| }, | |
| "KIR": { | |
| "value": "<p>Carbon dioxide only (estimated > 99% of inventory)</p>", | |
| "label_id": 51 | |
| }, | |
| "KNA": { | |
| "value": "CO<sub>2</sub>", | |
| "label_id": 51 | |
| }, | |
| "KOR": { | |
| "value": "Carbon Dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>), Methane (CH<sub>4</sub>), Nitrous Oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O), Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), Perfluorocarbons (PFCs), Sulphur hexafluoride (SF<sub>6</sub>)", | |
| "label_id": 49 | |
| }, | |
| "KWT": { | |
| "value": "<p>Not specified, but discusses CO<sub>2</sub></p>", | |
| "label_id": 52 | |
| }, | |
| "LAO": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified", | |
| "label_id": 52 | |
| }, | |
| "LBN": { | |
| "value": "<p>CO<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub>, and N<sub>2</sub>O</p> <p>\"Fluorinated greenhouse gases (HFCs, PFCs and SF<sub>6</sub>) play a limited role in Lebanon’s overall GHG emissions. Furthermore, they have not been assessed at the level of detail required to estimate their emissions with the necessary accuracy needed to include them in the GHG inventory. Such assessments are currently being undertaken. Lebanon plans to include emissions from fluorinated GHGs in an updated version of its INDC.\"</p>", | |
| "label_id": 51 | |
| }, | |
| "LBR": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"The GHGs of concern are mainly Methane (CH<sub>4</sub>), Carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) and Nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O).\"</p>", | |
| "label_id": 51 | |
| }, | |
| "LCA": { | |
| "value": "<p>Carbon Dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>), Methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) and Nitrous Oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O)</p>", | |
| "label_id": 51 | |
| }, | |
| "LKA": { | |
| "value": "<p>Not Specified; Sri Lanka communicated that \"The key contributors to GHG are Carbon Dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>), Methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) and Nitrous Oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O).\"</p>", | |
| "label_id": 52 | |
| }, | |
| "LSO": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Nitrous Oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O) is the major contributor accounting for 41%, followed by methane with 36% of the total CO<sub>2</sub>eq emissions. Carbon Dioxide accounts for the least emissions with 23% of the total emissions. Emissions of GHGs not listed are negligible but will still be monitored and reported. Fluorinated gases are not covered since they are rarely used and their emissions are marginal.\"</p>", | |
| "label_id": 51 | |
| }, | |
| "MAR": { | |
| "value": "Carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>), methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) and nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O) <br> Fluorinated gases are not covered; they are rarely used in Morocco and their emissions are marginal.", | |
| "label_id": 51 | |
| }, | |
| "MCO": { | |
| "value": "All seven Kyoto gases will be covered.", | |
| "label_id": 48 | |
| }, | |
| "MDA": { | |
| "value": "CO<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>O, HFCs, PFCs, SF<sub>6</sub>, and NF<sub>3</sub>.", | |
| "label_id": 48 | |
| }, | |
| "MDG": { | |
| "value": "<p>CO<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>O</p>", | |
| "label_id": 51 | |
| }, | |
| "MDV": { | |
| "value": "<p>CO<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub></p> <p>\"Contribution of other GHGs like Sulphur hexafluorides (SF<sub>6</sub>) and Nitrous oxides (N<sub>2</sub>O) are significantly low and hence not considered.\"</p>", | |
| "label_id": 51 | |
| }, | |
| "MEX": { | |
| "value": "Carbon Dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) , Methane (CH<sub>4</sub>), Nitrous Oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O), Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), Perfluorocarbons (PFCs), Sulphur hexafluoride (SF<sub>6</sub>), Black Carbon", | |
| "label_id": 50 | |
| }, | |
| "MHL": { | |
| "value": "Carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>), Methane (CH<sub>4</sub>), Nitrous Oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O)<br />[Note: emissions of GHGs not listed are negligible]", | |
| "label_id": 51 | |
| }, | |
| "MKD": { | |
| "value": "CO<sub>2</sub>", | |
| "label_id": 51 | |
| }, | |
| "MLI": { | |
| "value": "<p>CO<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>O</p>", | |
| "label_id": 51 | |
| }, | |
| "MMR": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified", | |
| "label_id": 52 | |
| }, | |
| "MNE": { | |
| "value": "CO<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>O, HFCs, PFCs, SF<sub>6</sub> and NF<sub>3</sub>.", | |
| "label_id": 48 | |
| }, | |
| "MNG": { | |
| "value": "CO<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>O", | |
| "label_id": 51 | |
| }, | |
| "MOZ": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"The main gases covered in this contribution are: carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>), methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) and nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O)</p> <p>In the future, other GHG may be included.\"</p>", | |
| "label_id": 51 | |
| }, | |
| "MRT": { | |
| "value": "<p>CO<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>0</p>", | |
| "label_id": 51 | |
| }, | |
| "MUS": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) and Short Lived Climate Forces (SLCF).\"</p>", | |
| "label_id": 51 | |
| }, | |
| "MWI": { | |
| "value": "Carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>), methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) and nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O)", | |
| "label_id": 51 | |
| }, | |
| "MYS": { | |
| "value": "<p>Carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) Methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) Nitrous Oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O)</p>", | |
| "label_id": 51 | |
| }, | |
| "NAM": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"The direct gases carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>), methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) and Nitrous Oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O) are covered in this INDC.\"</p>", | |
| "label_id": 51 | |
| }, | |
| "NER": { | |
| "value": "<p>CO<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>O</p>", | |
| "label_id": 51 | |
| }, | |
| "NGA": { | |
| "value": "<p>CO<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>O</p>", | |
| "label_id": 51 | |
| }, | |
| "NIU": { | |
| "value": "Carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>); Methane (CH<sub>4</sub>); Nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O)", | |
| "label_id": 51 | |
| }, | |
| "NOR": { | |
| "value": "All greenhouse gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol: CO<sub>2</sub>-Carbon Dioxide, CH<sub>4</sub>-Methane, N<sub>2</sub>O-Nitrous Oxide, HFCs-Hydrofluorocarbons, PFCs-Perfluorocarbons, SF<sub>6</sub>-Sulphur hexafluoride, NF<sub>3</sub>-Nitrogen trifluoride", | |
| "label_id": 48 | |
| }, | |
| "NPL": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified", | |
| "label_id": 52 | |
| }, | |
| "NRU": { | |
| "value": "Carbon Dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>)", | |
| "label_id": 51 | |
| }, | |
| "NZL": { | |
| "value": "CO<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>O, HFCs, PFCs, NF<sub>3</sub>, SF<sub>6</sub>", | |
| "label_id": 48 | |
| }, | |
| "OMN": { | |
| "value": "Carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>); Methane (CH<sub>4</sub>); Nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O); Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCS); Perfluorocarbons (PFCs);", | |
| "label_id": 51 | |
| }, | |
| "PAK": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified", | |
| "label_id": 52 | |
| }, | |
| "PAN": { | |
| "value": "Analysis in progress" | |
| }, | |
| "PER": { | |
| "value": "carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>), methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) and nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O)", | |
| "label_id": 51 | |
| }, | |
| "PHL": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified", | |
| "label_id": 52 | |
| }, | |
| "PLW": { | |
| "value": "Carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) and methane (CH<sub>4</sub>)", | |
| "label_id": 51 | |
| }, | |
| "PNG": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"The paucity of reliable data at the present time regarding emissions suggests that PNG limit the gases considered to CO<sub>2</sub> only, except for the indigenous oil and gas production sector where CH<sub>4</sub> is also included in the industry calculations.\"</p>", | |
| "label_id": 51 | |
| }, | |
| "PRK": { | |
| "value": "Analysis in progress" | |
| }, | |
| "PRY": { | |
| "value": "<p>“Todos los gases citados por el Protocolo de Kyoto”</p> <p>All gases included in the Kyoto Protocol</p>", | |
| "label_id": 48 | |
| }, | |
| "QAT": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified", | |
| "label_id": 52 | |
| }, | |
| "RUS": { | |
| "value": "Carbon Dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>); Methane (CH<sub>4</sub>); Nitrous Oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O); Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs); Perfluorocarbons (PFCs); Sulphur hexafluoride (SF<sub>6</sub>); Nitrogen trifluoride (NF<sub>3</sub>).", | |
| "label_id": 48 | |
| }, | |
| "RWA": { | |
| "value": "<p>CO<sub>2</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>O, CH<sub>4</sub></p>", | |
| "label_id": 51 | |
| }, | |
| "SAU": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified", | |
| "label_id": 52 | |
| }, | |
| "SDN": { | |
| "value": "Carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>), methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) and nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O)", | |
| "label_id": 51 | |
| }, | |
| "SEN": { | |
| "value": "<ul> <li>Energy: CO<sub>2</sub></li> <li>Industry: CO<sub>2</sub></li> <li>Waste: CO<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>O</li> <li>Agriculture: CO<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>O</li> <li>Forestry: CO<sub>2</sub></li> </ul>", | |
| "label_id": 51 | |
| }, | |
| "SGP": { | |
| "value": "Carbon Dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>), Methane (CH<sub>4</sub>), Nitrous Oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O), Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), Perfluorocarbons (PFCs), Sulphur Hexafluoride (SF<sub>6</sub>).", | |
| "label_id": 49 | |
| }, | |
| "SLB": { | |
| "value": "Carbon dioxide only (estimated > 95% of inventory)", | |
| "label_id": 51 | |
| }, | |
| "SLE": { | |
| "value": "<p>Carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>), Methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) and Nitrous Oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O) are prioritized.</p>", | |
| "label_id": 51 | |
| }, | |
| "SLV": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified", | |
| "label_id": 52 | |
| }, | |
| "SMR": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Gases covered: all greenhouse gasses not controlled by the Montreal Protocol: CO<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>O, HFCs, PFCs, SF<sub>6</sub>, NF<sub>3</sub>\"</p>", | |
| "label_id": 48 | |
| }, | |
| "SOM": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified", | |
| "label_id": 52 | |
| }, | |
| "SSD": { | |
| "value": "CO<sub>2</sub>", | |
| "label_id": 51 | |
| }, | |
| "STP": { | |
| "value": "CO<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub>, NO<sub>x</sub>", | |
| "label_id": 51 | |
| }, | |
| "SUR": { | |
| "value": "<p>Carbon Dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>), Methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) and Nitrous Oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O)</p>", | |
| "label_id": 51 | |
| }, | |
| "SWZ": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Emissions of CO<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O will be avoided by increasing the share of renewable energy in the mix and ethanol blending in petrol. The consumption of HFCs, PFCs and SF<sub>6</sub> gases will be phased out.\"</p>", | |
| "label_id": 49 | |
| }, | |
| "SYC": { | |
| "value": "CO<sub>2</sub> CH<sub>4</sub><br />[emissions from other gases are insignificant]", | |
| "label_id": 51 | |
| }, | |
| "TCD": { | |
| "value": "<ul> <li>“Énergie: CO<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>O</li> <li>Agriculture/Élevage: CH<sub>4</sub> et N<sub>2</sub>O</li> <li>Affectation des terres et foresterie: CO<sub>2</sub></li> <li>Déchets: CH<sub>4</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>O\"</li> </ul> <ul> <li>Energy: CO<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>O</li> <li>Agriculture/ Livestock: CH<sub>4</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>O</li> <li>Land-Use Change and Forestry: CO<sub>2</sub></li> <li>Waste: CH<sub>4</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>O</li> </ul>", | |
| "label_id": 51 | |
| }, | |
| "TGO": { | |
| "value": "Carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>), methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) and nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O)", | |
| "label_id": 51 | |
| }, | |
| "THA": { | |
| "value": "<p>Carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>), Methane (CH<sub>4</sub>), Nitrous oxide (N2O), Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), Perfluorocarbons (PFCs), Sulphur hexafluoride (SF<sub>6</sub>)</p>", | |
| "label_id": 49 | |
| }, | |
| "TJK": { | |
| "value": "CO<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub>, and N<sub>2</sub>O", | |
| "label_id": 51 | |
| }, | |
| "TKM": { | |
| "value": "<p>CO<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub>, and N<sub>2</sub>O", | |
| "label_id": 51 | |
| }, | |
| "TLS": { | |
| "value": "Analysis in progress" | |
| }, | |
| "TON": { | |
| "value": "Carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>); Methane (CH<sub>4</sub>); Nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O)", | |
| "label_id": 51 | |
| }, | |
| "TTO": { | |
| "value": "Carbon dioxide, Methane, Nitrous oxide", | |
| "label_id": 51 | |
| }, | |
| "TUN": { | |
| "value": "CO<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O", | |
| "label_id": 51 | |
| }, | |
| "TUR": { | |
| "value": "Carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>), Methane (CH<sub>4</sub>), Nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O), Perfluorocarbons (PFCs), Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), Sulfur hexafluoride (SF<sub>6</sub>), and Nitrogen trifluoride (NF<sub>3</sub>)", | |
| "label_id": 48 | |
| }, | |
| "TUV": { | |
| "value": "<p>Carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) and methane (CH<sub>4</sub>). Others are negligible</p>", | |
| "label_id": 51 | |
| }, | |
| "UGA": { | |
| "value": "\"All Greenhouse Gases s are considered within Greenhouse Gas emission estimates, and expressed in terms of their tons carbon dioxide equivalents (tCO<sub>2</sub>e) throughout this document.", | |
| "label_id": 52 | |
| }, | |
| "UKR": { | |
| "value": "<p>carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>);<br />methane (CH<sub>4</sub>);<br />nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O);<br />perfluorocarbons (HFCs);<br />hydrofluorocarbons (PFCs);<br />sulphur hexafluoride (SF<sub>6</sub>);<br />nitrogen trifluoride (NF<sub>3</sub>).</p>", | |
| "label_id": 48 | |
| }, | |
| "URY": { | |
| "value": "CO<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub>, and N<sub>2</sub>O.", | |
| "label_id": 51 | |
| }, | |
| "VCT": { | |
| "value": "<p>Carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>); Methane (CH<sub>4</sub>); Nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O); HFCs</p>", | |
| "label_id": 51 | |
| }, | |
| "VEN": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified", | |
| "label_id": 52 | |
| }, | |
| "VNM": { | |
| "value": "Carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>), Methane (CH<sub>4</sub>), Nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O), Hydro fluorocarbons (HFCs), Perfluorocarbons (PFCs), Sulfur hexafluoride (SF<sub>6</sub>)", | |
| "label_id": 49 | |
| }, | |
| "VUT": { | |
| "value": "<p>CO<sub>2</sub>", | |
| "label_id": 51 | |
| }, | |
| "WSM": { | |
| "value": "<p>CO<sub>2</sub></p>", | |
| "label_id": 51 | |
| }, | |
| "YEM": { | |
| "value": "<p>The contribution of the Yemen is based on estimated carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>), methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) and nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O) emissions. Fluorinated and sulfur hexafluoride (SF<sub>6</sub>) gases are not covered; they are rarely used in Yemen and their emissions are negligible as the products containing these gases are not produced in Yemen.</p>", | |
| "label_id": 51 | |
| }, | |
| "ZAF": { | |
| "value": "Six greenhouse gases (GHGs), with a material focus on three GHGs: carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>), methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) and nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O).", | |
| "label_id": 49 | |
| }, | |
| "ZMB": { | |
| "value": "<p>CO<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub>, and N<sub>2</sub>O.</p>", | |
| "label_id": 51 | |
| }, | |
| "ZWE": { | |
| "value": "<p>CO<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub>, and N<sub>2</sub>O</p>", | |
| "label_id": 51 | |
| } | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "id": 24, | |
| "name": "Geographical coverage", | |
| "slug": "geographical_coverage", | |
| "category_id": 3, | |
| "labels": {}, | |
| "locations": {} | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "id": 25, | |
| "name": "Percentage of national emissions covered, as reflected in the most recent national greenhouse gas inventory", | |
| "slug": "percentage_of_national_emissions_covered_as_reflected_in_the_most_recent_national_greenhouse_gas_inventory", | |
| "category_id": 3, | |
| "labels": {}, | |
| "locations": { | |
| "AFG": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "AGO": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "ALB": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "AND": { | |
| "value": "Secteurs de l’énergie et des déchets : 98,8% des émissions totales en 1990, 98,5% en 2011.<br/> Energy and waste sectors: 98.8% of total emissions in 1990, 98.5% in 2011." | |
| }, | |
| "ARE": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "ARG": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "ARM": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "ATG": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "AUS": { | |
| "value": "100 per cent of greenhouse gas emissions and removals in Australia’s national greenhouse gas inventory in the base year." | |
| }, | |
| "AZE": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "BDI": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "BEN": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "BFA": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "BGD": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Under a BAU scenario, GHG emissions in Bangladesh in [the power, transport and industry] sectors are expected to represent 69% of total emissions by 2030 (excluding LULUCF).\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "BHR": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "BIH": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "BLR": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "BLZ": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "BOL": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "BRA": { | |
| "value": "100%" | |
| }, | |
| "BRB": { | |
| "value": "100% <br>\"Excludes international shipping and aviation and is consistent with IPCC good practice.\"" | |
| }, | |
| "BRN": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "BTN": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "BWA": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "CAF": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "CAN": { | |
| "value": "Economy wide – 100% of Canadian GHG inventory" | |
| }, | |
| "CHE": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "CHL": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified; <p>\"Geographic coverage for quantifying emissions: National Greenhouse Gas Inventory (1990-2010); that is, the entire country (continental, island and Antarctic territories).\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "CHN": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "CMR": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "COD": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "COG": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "COK": { | |
| "value": "Electricity generation contributed 34% of Cook Islands' total emission in 2006." | |
| }, | |
| "COL": { | |
| "value": "It covers 100% of national emissions, according to the 2010 National Greenhouse Gas Inventory (INGEI 2010)" | |
| }, | |
| "COM": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified " | |
| }, | |
| "CPV": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "CRI": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"100% of national emissions accounted for in the National Greenhouse Gas Inventory\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "CUB": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "DJI": { | |
| "value": "<p>Not specified, however it says:</p> <p>“La contribution de la République de Djibouti repose sur l’estimation des émissions de dioxyde de carbone (CO<sub>2</sub>), de <br />méthane (CH<sub>4</sub>) et d’oxyde nitreux (N<sub>2</sub>0) pour l’ensemble des secteurs économiques. Les émissions de gaz fluorés ne sont pas comptabilisées parce qu’elles sont jugées négligeables à l’échelle du pays.”</p> <p>The contribution of the Republic of Djibouti is based on emission projections for carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>), methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) and nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>0) for all economic sectors. Emissions from fluorinated gases are not accounted for because they are negligible on the national level.</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "DMA": { | |
| "value": "Not specified" | |
| }, | |
| "DOM": { | |
| "value": "Not specified explicitly, the INDC states that coverage is \"nation-wide\"" | |
| }, | |
| "DZA": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "ECU": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "EGY": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "ERI": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "ETH": { | |
| "value": "<p>The total GHG emissions of Ethiopia in 2010 were 150 Mt CO<sub>2</sub>e. The sectoral GHG emission sources and their quantities were the following:<br />a. Livestock emitted methane and nitrous oxide totalling 65 Mt CO<sub>2</sub>e, i.e. 42% of the total;<br />b. Crop cultivation emitted nitrous oxide totalling 12 Mt CO<sub>2</sub>e, i.e. 9% of the total;<br />c. Deforestation and forest degradation due to cutting and burning fuel wood and due to logging totalling 55 Mt CO<sub>2</sub>e, i.e. 37% of the total;<br />d. Electric power generation totalling 5 Mt CO<sub>2</sub>e, i.e.3% of the total;<br />e. Transport sector emissions totalling 5 MtCO<sub>2</sub>e, i.e. 3% of the total;<br />f. Industrial sector emissions totalling 4 Mt CO<sub>2</sub>e, i.e. 3% of the total;<br />g. Building sector emissions totalling 5 Mt CO<sub>2</sub>e, i.e. 3% of the total.</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "EU28": { | |
| "value": "100%" | |
| }, | |
| "FJI": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "GAB": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "GEO": { | |
| "value": "100%" | |
| }, | |
| "GHA": { | |
| "value": "<p>100% of total national GHG emissions.</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "GIN": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "GMB": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "GNQ": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "GRD": { | |
| "value": "100%" | |
| }, | |
| "GTM": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified<p>\"Cobertura: a nivel nacional.</p> <p>Coverage: National level.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "GUY": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified " | |
| }, | |
| "HND": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "HTI": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "IDN": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "IND": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "IRN": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "IRQ": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "ISL": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "ISR": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "JAM": { | |
| "value": "<p>CO<sub>2</sub>: 94%<br />N<sub>2</sub>O: 12%<br />CH<sub>4</sub>: 12%<br />NOx: 100%<br />CO: 100%<br />NMVOCs: 84%<br />SO<sub>2</sub>: 99%</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "JOR": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "JPN": { | |
| "value": "100%" | |
| }, | |
| "KAZ": { | |
| "value": "100%" | |
| }, | |
| "KEN": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "KGZ": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "KHM": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "KIR": { | |
| "value": "Estimated > 99% of inventory" | |
| }, | |
| "KNA": { | |
| "value": "100% (Note: Not all gases are covered by the INDC so actual coverage is likely to be less than 100%)" | |
| }, | |
| "KOR": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "KWT": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "LAO": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified " | |
| }, | |
| "LBN": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "LBR": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "LCA": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "LKA": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "LSO": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "MAR": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "MCO": { | |
| "value": "100% of national inventory emissions are covered." | |
| }, | |
| "MDA": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Republic of Moldova intends to account for 100 percent of national greenhouse gas emissions and removals for the base year as published in the Republic of Moldova’s Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks, on a net-net basis.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "MDG": { | |
| "value": "99.90%" | |
| }, | |
| "MDV": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "MEX": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "MHL": { | |
| "value": "~100%" | |
| }, | |
| "MKD": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"80% of the total emissions (all emissions originating from fossil fuels combustion)</p><p>According to the GHG Inventory, almost 80% of the total GHG emissions are CO<sub>2</sub> emissions, originating from fossil fuels combustion, with dominant share of the sectors energy supply, buildings and transport.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "MLI": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "MMR": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "MNE": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "MNG": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "MOZ": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "MRT": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "MUS": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "MWI": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "MYS": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "NAM": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "NER": { | |
| "value": "<ul> <li>“88,7% des gaz émis”</li> <li>“Secteur AFOLU : 89% des émissions totales de GES;</li> <li>Secteur Energie : 9% des émissions totales de GES.”</li> </ul> <ul> <li>88.7% of the gas emitted</li> <li>AFOLU sector: 89% of total GHG emissions;</li> <li>Energy sector: 9% of total greenhouse gas emissions. </li> </ul>" | |
| }, | |
| "NGA": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "NIU": { | |
| "value": "<p>Electricity (42% of reported 2009 energy sector emissions)* </p> <p>*note that waste and agriculture sectors were not reported in 2009 GHG inventory.</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "NOR": { | |
| "value": "Economy wide; 100% of emissions covered" | |
| }, | |
| "NPL": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "NRU": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "NZL": { | |
| "value": "Economy-wide" | |
| }, | |
| "OMN": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "PAK": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "PAN": { | |
| "value": "Analysis in progress" | |
| }, | |
| "PER": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "PHL": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified " | |
| }, | |
| "PLW": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "PNG": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "PRK": { | |
| "value": "Analysis in progress" | |
| }, | |
| "PRY": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "QAT": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "RUS": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "RWA": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified " | |
| }, | |
| "SAU": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "SDN": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "SEN": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "SGP": { | |
| "value": "100%" | |
| }, | |
| "SLB": { | |
| "value": "INDC covers fossil fuels and forest sequestration. Fossil-fuel use covers more than 95% of the reported national inventory." | |
| }, | |
| "SLE": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "SLV": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "SMR": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "SOM": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "SSD": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "STP": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "SUR": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "SWZ": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "SYC": { | |
| "value": "~95%" | |
| }, | |
| "TCD": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "TGO": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "THA": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "TJK": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "TKM": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "TLS": { | |
| "value": "Analysis in progress" | |
| }, | |
| "TON": { | |
| "value": "Electricity contributed 23% of 2006 emissions." | |
| }, | |
| "TTO": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified " | |
| }, | |
| "TUN": { | |
| "value": "100 percent of the emissions of 2010" | |
| }, | |
| "TUR": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "TUV": { | |
| "value": "Approximately 100% National emissions (as at 2015)" | |
| }, | |
| "UGA": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Combined, the energy (excluding transport) and Land Use Land Use Change and Forestry sectors account for approximately 36% of national emissions in 2000, and 26% of emissions in 2030 under Businee As Usual. Under the Business As Usual case, the Land Use Land Use Change and 12 Forestry sector continues to be a net emitter.\"<br>\"Combined, the transport and agriculture sectors represent a further 62% of national emissions in 2000, and 70% of emissions in 2030 under Business As Usual.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "UKR": { | |
| "value": "100 %" | |
| }, | |
| "URY": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"99.7% of Uruguay's current CO<sub>2</sub>eq emissions, calculated as per GWP<sub>100</sub> metric.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "VCT": { | |
| "value": "100%<br>\"Excludes international shipping and aviation and is consistent with IPCC good practice.\"" | |
| }, | |
| "VEN": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "VNM": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "VUT": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "WSM": { | |
| "value": "<p>The electricity sub sector accounted for ~13% of total GHG emissions in 2014 assuming business as usual scenario in all sectors since 2007. (IPCC 2006 Guidelines)</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "YEM": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "ZAF": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "ZMB": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "ZWE": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| } | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "id": 26, | |
| "name": "Planning processes", | |
| "slug": "planning_processes", | |
| "category_id": 4, | |
| "labels": {}, | |
| "locations": { | |
| "AFG": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"In 2015, as part of the INDC preparation process, NEPA convened a series of consultation and awarenessraising workshops to bring together decision-makers from government institutions and stakeholders from non-governmental organizations to develop the current INDC and establish a sustainable development vision for Afghanistan. Through this INDC process and existing policies and strategies, the overall vision that was developed for Afghanistan aims to enhance the adaptive capacity and resilience of its agriculture, environment, and population to climate change, while developing and implementing LEDS.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "AGO": { | |
| "value": "<p>National strategy and unconditional mitigation options</p> <p>\"Unconditional Measures are the ongoing projects which funding has been fully identified and the Government of Angola is expected to implement during this INDC timeframe to accomplish a GHG reduction of at least 35% by 2030 as compared to the Business As Usual (BAU) scenario. The table below indicates sector strategies to achieve the mitigation goals in 2030.\"</p> <p>See Angola's full INDC submission for table on strategies in \"Promotion of renewable energy\", \"Stabilization of emissions in the agriculture production\", \"Industrial processes\", \"Land Use, Land Use Change and Forestry\" sectors.</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "ALB": { | |
| "value": "<p>Planning process</p> <p>\"Planning process of the INDC included the review of available data and modelling work applicable to greenhouse gas reduction pathway as well as consultations with government stakeholders as well as with the public.</p> <p>The scenarios for the INDC were developed taking into consideration draft of the 3rd National Communication of Albania and all available scenario development work related to greenhouse gas emissions.</p> <p>Within the preparation process of the INDC it became clear that significant data uncertainty exist regarding the emissions of greenhouse gases other than CO<sub>2</sub> and in sectors outside of sectors covered by the INDC. Improvements were made on existing modelling work and the scenarios presented are result of this work.\"</p> <p>Means of implementation</p> <p>\"The results of the preparation of the INDC will be reflected in the Third National Communication of Albania and also will form the basis of the Environmental and Climate Change strategy which is in preparation. Development of the strategic directions for energy and transport sectors will take into consideration the INDC.</p> <p>Coordination of activities in relation to the strategy is foreseen to be coordinated by the Ministry of Environment which is the chair of the inter‐ministerial body on Climate Change. Albania also transposes and implements parts of the EU legislation, including legislation on climate change and builds capacity for its implementation which supports its ability to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.</p> <p>Albania is a contracting party of the Energy Community Treaty which aims to extend the EU internal energy market to South East Europe and beyond on the basis of a legally binding framework. The overall objective of the Energy Community Treaty is to create a stable regulatory and market framework which also includes legislation aiming to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "AND": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Adhésion à la convention cadre des Nations unies sur les changements climatiques, en tant que Partie non visée par l'annexe I (non-Annexe I), le 2 mars 2011.<br />Approbation par le Gouvernement d’Andorre de la révision du plan national des déchets (2012- 2016), le 20 décembre 2011.<br />Présentation par le Gouvernement d’Andorre du Livre blanc de l’énergie, le 19 juillet 2012.<br />Création de la structure et des groupes de travail pour répondre aux obligations découlant de la CCNUCC, sous la coordination du Ministère de l'Environnement, le 2 octobre 2013.<br />Approbation par le Gouvernement d’Andorre du Premier rapport bisannuel de l’Andorre à la Convention cadre des Nations unies sur les changements climatiques (2014), le 17 décembre 2014.<br />Approbation par le Gouvernement d’Andorre des contributions prévues déterminées au niveau national (CPDN) de l’Andorre, conformément aux décisions 1/CP.19 et 1/CP.20 de la Conférence des Parties de la convention cadre des Nations unies sur les changements climatiques, le 22 avril 2015.\"</p> <p>Accession to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, as Party not included in Annex I (non-Annex I) on March 2<sup>nd</sup> 2011.<br />Approval by the Government of Andorra for the revision of the national waste plan (2012-2016), on December 20<sup>th</sup> 2011.<br />Presentation of the White Paper on Energy by the Government of Andorra, on July 19<sup>th</sup> 2012.<br />Creation of the structure and the working groups to meet obligations under the UNFCCC, under the coordination of the Ministry of Environment, October 2<sup>nd</sup>, 2013.<br />Approval by the Government of Andorra of the First Biennial Report of Andorra to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (2014), December 17<sup>th</sup>, 2014.<br />Approval by the Government of Andorra for the intended nationally determined contributions (INDC) of Andorra, in accordance with Decisions 1/CP.19 and 1/CP.20 of the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change on April 22<sup>nd</sup> 2015.</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "ARE": { | |
| "value": "<p>Monitoring, reporting and verification</p> <p>\"Monitoring, reporting and verification will proceed as per the arrangements agreed at COP 16 in Cancun and COP 17 in Durban.</p> <p>The UAE has launched a process to develop a full national inventory of greenhouse gas emissions. The UAE is also undertaking a process to improve its air quality measuring and reporting, in terms of pollution and the negative effects it may have on human health.</p> <p>The domestic actions communication in this INDC are voluntary and will be implemented in accordance with the principles and provisions of the Convention, in particular Article 4 paragraph 1, Article 4 paragraph 7, Article 10 paragraph 2(a), Article 12 paragraph 1(b) and Article 12 paragraph 4.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "ARG": { | |
| "value": "<p>Process for the preparation of the national contribution</p> <p>\"The national contribution presented here is the result of a technical and political process initiated within the framework of the Governmental Committee and the National Strategy on Climate Change. An essential input to the process were the studies prepared within the framework of the Third National Communication which included an updated national GHG inventory, the identification of national mitigation potential, the development of climate change scenarios, the identification of the impact and vulnerability to climate change, and adaptation measures to face them.</p> <p>Both the Third National Communication as well as the National Contribution are the result of a participative process, which included the vision, opinions, and proposals of public, private, and scientific and technical sectors, and civil society organizations, through numerous meetings, workshops and surveys.</p> <p>The consultative process with different actors permitted the analysis of mitigation and adaptation measures identified in the Third National Communication and thereby, to determine the mitigation potential, as well as adaptation measures.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "ARM": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "ATG": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"This initial draft INDC was developed through a Cabinet mandate, where the Cabinet of Antigua and Barbuda also reviewed the adaptation and mitigation targets. The Technical Advisory Committee (TAC), was the primary drafting and review committee in the development of this initial INDC. The TAC is an inter-agency, multi-stakeholder advisory committee that includes fifteen government agencies, three NGOs and community interest groups, and one private sector coalition representative.</p> <p>Additional consultations were arranged with public, private, and civil society stakeholders, through meetings, workshops, public awareness and online publication.</p> <p>Antigua and Barbuda recognizes the importance of Principle 10 of the Rio Declaration on transparency, access and accountability in environmental matters through participation of all concerned citizens, at the relevant levels, as well as to involve the community by encouraging public awareness and participation by making information readily available.</p> <p>Antigua and Barbuda’s INDC is a working document and will be updated periodically, as appropriate. This initial draft INDC will be supported by a technical road map and additional technical assessments to facilitate the drafting of policies, regulations, and standards for implementation.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "AUS": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Australia's Emissions Reduction Fund supports Australian businesses to reduce emissions while improving productivity. The first auction under the Fund was held in April 2015, and successfully purchased over 47 million tonnes of abatement at an average price of AU$13.95. The Government is finalising a safeguard mechanism to ensure emissions reductions purchased under the Fund are not offset by significant rises in emissions elsewhere in the economy. Australia has additional policy measures in place to promote the deployment of renewable energy and improve energy efficiency. Under Australia's Renewable Energy Target scheme, over 23 per cent of Australia's electricity will come from renewable sources by 2020.</p> <p>The Australian Government is working to build climate resilience and support adaptation to climate change. Australia will develop a National Climate Resilience and Adaptation Strategy during 2015.</p> <p>The Australian Government is commencing the development of a range of policies that will reduce emissions into the post-2020 period, including a National Energy Productivity Plan with a National Energy Productivity Target of a 40 per cent improvement between 2015 and 2030, the investigation of opportunities to improve the efficiency of light and heavy vehicles, and the enhanced management of synthetic greenhouse gas emissions under ozone protection laws and the Montreal Protocol.</p> <p>Building from these measures, the Australian Government will in 2017-2018 undertake consultation to determine further post-2020 domestic emissions reduction policies. The Government will ensure that policies used in the post-2020 period are efficient and complementary with one another, and are appropriately calibrated towards achieving Australia's 2030 target. As a part of this process, the Government will consider a potential long term emissions reduction goal for Australia, beyond 2030, taking into account international trends and technology developments.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "AZE": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "BDI": { | |
| "value": "<p>Institutional arrangements for implementation</p> <p>\"The Government of Burundi will implement the INDC through the Ministry of the Environment, which is the government institution in charge of ensuring the implementation of international conventions relating to the environment. It will used its customized departments and institutions like IGEBU and the OBPE, which handle questions associated with climate change, but also frameworks for dialogue such as the National Environment Commission, the Sectoral Group on Water, Sanitation and the Environment (GSEAE), the National Water Partnership (PNE-Bu), and the National Platform for Risk Prevention and Disaster Management.\"</p> <p>Capacity-building</p> <p>\"Despite the non-negligible step already taken to create and build capacities, national experts are still insufficient and have not yet acquired significant proficiency in the tools and methodologies available to produce GHG emissions inventories, climate change vulnerability and adaptation studies, and GHG emissions mitigation studies, as well as solid proficiency in the procedures used to compile financing applications for the available funding mechanisms. As a result, capacity-building will be needed to offset the following:</p> <p>- Insufficient climate data due to outdated facilities;<br />- Insufficient scientific personnel able to satisfactorily run programmes and research topics linked to climate change;<br />- Difficulty training technical and scientific personnel on-site or abroad due to the non-existence of training institutions specializing in climate in Burundi and limited cooperation with the outside world;<br />- Insufficient quality and quantity of domestic technical expertise.\"</p> <p>Technology transfer needs</p> <p>\"Burundi does not have the technical resources to do research and development in the field of climate change and has no national programme on the subject. As part of the INDC’s implementation, Burundi’s technology transfer actions will pertain to:</p> <p>- Promoting research and development, adopting new technologies, and harnessing them for the national context;<br />- Reinforcing the operations of certain organizations and institutions involved in climate change;<br />- Skills training, education and international cooperation.\"</p> <p>Consideration of gender, youth and vulnerable groups</p> <p>\"Gender, youth and vulnerable groups are concerns that have not always been taken into account in Burundi’s national and sectoral socioeconomic development plans. In its Vision 2025, the Government of Burundi considers these to be cross-cutting issues to be incorporated into all development programmes. The same will apply to implementation of the INDC.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "BEN": { | |
| "value": "<p>“La contribution du Bénin sera mise en oeuvre sous l’égide du Ministère en charge des Changements Climatiques qui assure le rôle de Point Focal National de la Convention-Cadre des Nations Unies sur les Changements Climatiques avec la participation effective de toutes les parties prenantes (Ministères sectoriels, collectivités locales, secteur privé, société civile, etc.)</p> <p>Le Comité National sur les Changements Climatiques (CNCC) et la Commission de Modélisation Economique des Impacts du Climat et de l’Intégration des Changements Climatiques dans le Budget Général de l’Etat (CMEICB) constituent des organes d’aide à la décision et du suivi de la mise en oeuvre de la CPDN.</p> <p>Le Bénin dans son Programme National de Gestion des Changements Climatiques a développé un niveau d’organisation de suivi-évaluation de la vulnérabilité et de l’adaptation aux changements climatiques visant à doter le programme d’un comité de pilotages national (CNCC), d’un comité départemental et communal d’orientation et des commissions techniques intersectorielles, permettant de donner des orientations générales, d’assurer le suivi de la vulnérabilité climatiques et les actions en matière d’adaptations/atténuation aux changements climatiques.”</p> <p>Benin's contribution will be implemented under the aegis of the Ministry in charge of Climate Change, which ensures the role of the National Focal Point of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change with the effective participation of all stakeholders (sectoral ministries, local authorities, the private sector, civil society, etc.)</p> <p>The National Committee on Climate Change, and the Economic Commission for Climate Modeling and the Integration of Climate Change Impact in the General State Budget provide assistance to the decision-making organs and for monitoring the implementation of the INDC.</p> <p>As part of its National Climate Change Management Program, Benin has developed levels of organization for the monitoring and assessment of climate change vulnerability and adaptation, aimed at giving the program a national piloting committee, a departmental and communal referral committee and intersectoral technical committees to provide general guidance and to monitor climate vulnerability and actions on adaptation / mitigation to climate change.</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "BFA": { | |
| "value": "<p>Implementation and monitoring and evaluation of projects listed within the INDC</p> <p>\"1. Implementation system and actors</p> <p>The implementation of the projects listed within the INDC will require the establishment of an INDC Coordination Unit to report to the SP-CONEDD.1 The Coordination Unit will be responsible for coordinating and supervising (monitoring) the implementation of the various actions identified in the INDC and will consist of three technical entities:</p> <ul> <li>A coordination entity responsible for scheduling the implementation activities of the various projects.</li> <li>A Technical Adaptation Cell that will be concerned with coordinating the implementation and follow-up of the adaptation projects and which could become a Designated National Authority for Adaptation (DNA-AD).</li> <li>A Technical Mitigation Cell that will be concerned with coordinating the implementation and follow-up of the mitigation projects in coordination with or on behalf of the Burkina Faso DNA (Designated National Authority).</li> </ul> <p>The staff and experts within these units will cooperate closely with the staffs of the various ministries in charge of the projects, which are:</p> <ul> <li>The Ministry of Agriculture</li> <li>The Ministry of Water Resources</li> <li>The Ministry of Animal Resources</li> <li>The Ministry of Environment and Forests</li> <li>The ministry and public institutions responsible for scientific research and technological innovation</li> <li>The Ministry of Housing and Urban Development</li> <li>The Ministry of Health</li> <li>The Ministry of Energy</li> <li>The Ministry of Transportation</li> </ul> <p>The Coordination Unit will work with the above departments and other cross-cutting ministries, such as the Ministry of Economy and Finance, the Ministry of the Promotion of Women and Gender and the Ministry of International Cooperation, within the framework of the financing agreements. Finally, it will coordinate with the civil society structures and the institutions representing the private sector.</p> <p>2. Follow-up and evaluation system and actors</p> <p>The Coordination Unit will be responsible for overall follow-up of the implementation activities of the INDC2 . For this purpose, it will have to have a manual of administrative procedures and a harmonised system of follow-up and evaluation of the projects, detailing the principal responsibilities and the objectives that have been assigned. The project evaluation actors are external and will come from the technical and financial partners of the projects to be implemented. These evaluations will take place annually or at given intervals and, at certain stages in the implementation of the projects, will consider the work of the independent evaluators.\"</p> <p>See Burkina Faso's full INDC submission for annexes including lists of projects with mitigation and adaptation component.</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "BGD": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"This INDC has been prepared through consultation and dialogue with the Government’s Advisory and Technical Committees, which include a range of stakeholders including line ministries, Planning Commission, technical departments, professionals, experts, and the private sector.</p><p>With obvious reason the INDC implementation will be carried forward under the framework of updated and meaningful implementation of the Bangladesh Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan (BCCSAP) and other key policies/plans. The BCCSAP is a ten-year programme running from 2009 to 2018, to build the capacity and resilience of the country to meet the challenge of climate change. An INDC implementation roadmap will be produced in 2016. This will review the current situation with respect to implementation of the BCCSAP, identify gaps and support needs, review barriers to implementation and present proposals for INDC implementation next steps.</p><p>Specific activities to be carried out in the development of the INDC implementation roadmap include:</p><ul><li>List potential mitigation interventions that could be studied in more detail and developed into NAMAs, along with recommendations on possible delivery levers (e.g. incentives, standards, fiscal levers etc).</li><li>Carry out a review of Bangladesh’s current climate finance landscape, support needs and the international funding landscape, along with an assessment of climate finance readiness and gaps. Produce recommendations on an appropriate climate finance strategy for Bangladesh.</li><li>Carry out a gap analysis of existing data sharing and reporting structures and processes and make initial recommendations on the appropriate form and structure of a national MRV system.</li><li>Integration of the Climate Fiscal Framework (CFF) in the national planning and budgeting process to determine and disburse suitable yearly allocation for the implementation of mitigations and adaptation projects/programmes in this stipulated time-frame.</li><li>Carry out a gap analysis of existing institutional framework and recommend institutional strengthening for effective access of international climate finances including Green Climate Fund.</li><li>Make recommendations on appropriate institutional structures for INDC implementation and coordination.</li><li>Set out a clear roadmap and timetable for actions across the key elements of INDC implementation, grouping into short, medium and long-term actions.</li></ul><p>INDC implementation will be taken forward by existing governance arrangements under the BCCSAP, with coordination being managed by the climate change secretariat in the Ministry of Environment and Forests, reporting to the Advisory Committee and the National Environment Committee (chaired by the Prime Minister). Specific implementation activities will be carried out by the appropriate line ministries and agencies with fiscal support under the fiscal framework of the Government. A comprehensive and robust INDC implementation framework will be developed in line with the existing CFF and other climate change related bodies.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "BHR": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "BIH": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"INDC is based on the existing strategic documents, inter alia, the following:</p> <ul> <li>SNC</li> <li>FBUR</li> <li>Legislation etc.\"</li> </ul><p>\"The MRV system in BiH is currently under development (organizational set-up).\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "BLR": { | |
| "value": "<p>The Process of Planning and Fulfilment of Commitments</p> <p>\"Long-term targets, on which the climate policy until 2020 is based, are specified in the Directive of the President of the Republic of Belarus No.3 of 14.06.2007 \"Economy and thrift are the main factors of the economic security of the state\", the Concept of Energy Security of the Republic of Belarus (adopted by the Decree of the President of the Republic of Belarus No.433 of 17.09.2007), the Strategy for the Development of Energy Potential of the Republic of Belarus (adopted by the Resolution of the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Belarus No.1180 of 09.09.2010), national and sector-specific modernization and development programmes for the period until 2020, which list is presented in the Sixth National Communication (2015), including the National Programme of Measures to Mitigate Climate Change for the 2013-2020 (adopted by the Resolution of the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Belarus No.510 of 21.06.2013). Thus, currently and until the end of 2020 there are various binding legislative provisions and other regulations in effect in the Republic of Belarus, specifying policies and measures with targets for the reduction of energy and carbon intensity of the national economy.</p> <p>For the period of 2021-2030. The National Sustainable Development Strategy until 2030 approved by the Presidium of the council of Ministers of the Republic of Belarus is a benchmark, which places due emphasis on the development principles founded on a low-carbon economy.</p> <p>In 2016-2019, the legislative basis for the new national climate policy will be elaborated along with the programmes for the development of major economic activities for the period of 2021-2030, including measures regulating and stimulating the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "BLZ": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "BOL": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "BRA": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified " | |
| }, | |
| "BRB": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Barbados has formalised its commitment to the mitigation activities summarised above through the planning and implementation of various mitigation actions and other initiatives to reduce GHG emissions and green its economy, which include inter alia:</p> <p>- Formulation of NAMA at the national level, presenting a list of viable projects to reduce GHG emissions;<br />- The Barbados component of the CHENACT project, associated with promoting energy-efficiency and renewable energy in the tourism industry for the country, has provided a CDM Program of Activities and is included in the draft energy sector NAMA;<br />- National Sustainable Energy Policy and associated SEF providing top-down contributions for the energy and transport sectors;<br />- Green Economy Scoping Study and related activities;<br />- The CARICOM Declaration For Climate Action, calls for a legally binding commitment at COP21 for enhanced provisions for vulnerable countries and the adoption of the limiting of long-term the global average temperature increase to below 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels;<br />- The BRIDGE<a title=\"\" href=\"#_ftn1\">[1]</a> in Sustainable Energy and Information and Communication Technologies project is focused on developing human capital, while encouraging gender equality, to meet the expected future demand for technicians, professionals and entrepreneurs in the sustainable energy and information and communication technology sectors;<br />- The Resource Efficient Low Carbon and Circular Industrial Partnership Platform for Catalyzing Eco-Innovation and Entrepreneurship in Barbados (RECIPPEE-Barbados) is a new partnership between the GOB and the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) which will help Barbados advance a number of its development priorities, including building a resource efficient green economy through inclusive and sustainable industrial development;<br />- Major contributions by the private sector in installing solar PV and other renewable energy in response to global energy prices, declining renewable energy technology costs and government fiscal incentives.</p> <p>To accompany all of these actions, GOB is also taking steps to put systems and processes in place to institutionalise a formal monitoring, reporting and verification (MRV) system to track national emissions and the impact of specific mitigation actions. As the national focal point the MED will coordinate other related ministries and stakeholders in the preparation of required reports for monitoring progress, implementation and reporting to the UNFCCC or otherwise as may be required.\"</p> <p><a title=\"\" href=\"#_ftnref1\">[1]</a> ‘Building capacity and Regional Integration for the Development of a Generation of Entrepreneurs’</p><p>See INDC for actions in energy and waste sectors for means of achieving the target.</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "BRN": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"The production of Brunei Darussalam’s INDC is a nationally led process, co-ordinated by the Ministry of Development. In order to successfully deliver on the contributions outlined in this INDC a number of steps have already been taken:</p> <p>i. Brunei Darussalam’s Initial National Communication and GHG inventory is being drafted. This is the country’s first GHG inventory which will give the first accurate estimation of sectoral GHG emissions and will assist with policy development, along with international reporting requirements (e.g. BURs);</p> <p>ii. Brunei Darussalam established the Brunei National Energy Research Institute (BNERI) in 2011 to assist with the formulation of energy policy;</p> <p>iii. Brunei Darussalam’s National Disaster Management Centre (NDMC) has developed a Strategic National Action Plan for Disaster Risk Reduction, along with the private sector, non-governmental organisations, local bodies and other national agencies, to ensure a safer and disaster resilient country and community;</p> <p>iv. Sectoral adaption plans currently exist; with further effort these can been developed into a national integrated and coordinated adaptation plan;</p> <p>v. Brunei Darussalam is and will continue to participate in regional networks, such as the ASEAN forum to strengthen regional collaboration efforts, research studies on climate change and its impacts on ASEAN countries’ biodiversity, and organised future activities on “Green themes”. This will help the nation to better understand future climate risks and play an active role in co-ordinated regional actions such as the Heart of Borneo Initiative;</p> <p>vi. In terms of flood mitigation, river quality improvement and coastal protection the Government of Brunei Darussalam has outlined an action plan comprised of both structural (physical defences) and non-structural (institutional) measures that are currently being and will be implemented in Brunei Darussalam;</p> <p>vii. The Government of Brunei Darussalam will continue to promote inter-ministerial and interdepartmental co-ordination and collaboration to achieve goals with respect to forestry protection and its associated adaptation benefits. Already for example, revenue generated by the energy sector has financially supported:<br />a. The development of the setup of the project implementation framework of the Heart of Borneo Initiative<br />b. The project “Biodiversity Action Plan for Peat Swamp Forest”</p> <p>viii. Other areas identified where an integrated approach will be pursued is in the fight against diseases, the incidence of which may be increased due to climate change; and</p> <p>ix. With current limitations on land space for agriculture, the Government of Brunei Darussalam recognises the need to have more efficient agriculture production to meet the increasing demand and to ensure that the crops are resilient to withstand the future impacts of climate change, such as temperature increases and higher risk of flooding.\"</p><p>See Brunei's full INDC submission for the energy and transportation related measures as means of achieving the targets.</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "BTN": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"While the basis of our mitigation efforts rests on conserving our forests as carbon sinks, managing the growing emissions as a result of economic development will be through priority strategies, plans and actions for mitigation to support a low emission development pathway. These plans and priority actions, listed below, are based on the National Environment Protection Act, National Strategy and Action Plan for Low Carbon Development (2012), Economic Development Policy (2010 and draft 2015), Bhutan Transport 2040: Integrated Strategic Vision, National Forest Policy, and other sectoral plans and strategies.\"</p> <p>See Bhutan's full INDC submission for additional information on \"Strategies, plans and actions for low GHG emission development.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "BWA": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "CAF": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"The process of developing the INDC is based on a review of the literature, consultation of the stakeholders and the directives for evaluating greenhouse gas emissions of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). At the institutional level, a Technical Group of Multi-Sectoral National Experts responsible for developing the INDC has been established.\"</p><p>Implementation procedure<p><ul> <li>\"Adjustment of national development strategies and policies to include climate change</li> <li>Improvement of the legislative and regulatory framework</li> <li>Capacity building at all levels</li> <li>Transfer of technology, cooperation-research: climatology and meteorology, agriculture and agroecology, energy, land use change and forestry, industrial wastes and processes and use of solvents.</li> <li>Establishment of an appropriate national monitoring, reporting and verification (MRV) system.\"</li> </ul></p><p>The national contributions consist of \"unconditional measures within the ongoing national initiatives, namely the development of industrial forestry sites and the national reforestation initiated since 1980, the outreach programme to gradually abandon slash-and-burn agriculture and burning of agricultural waste and the promotion of low-energy light bulbs initiated by the national power company Energie Centrafricaine (ENERCA) within the framework of the energy conservation policy, and the promotion of improved cook stoves.\"</p><p>Monitoring and notification of progress</p> <p>\"The Central African Republic’s INDC is a development policy with low carbon emissions and low emissions of short-lived climate pollutants. In this regard, the Central African Republic will put in place an appropriate national measurement, notification and verification system. Moreover, the government will organise regular consultations with the stakeholders at the national, regional and local level to both update the actions and make sure that they are carried out.\"</p><p>See Central African Republic's full INDC submission for additional information on implementation.</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "CAN": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"The Government of Canada has in place legislative instruments to address climate change. The federal government’s primary statute is the <em>Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999</em>, which includes authorities to regulate GHG emissions. Emissions reductions can also be achieved through policy actions.</p> <p>Since 2006, the federal government has taken the following regulatory action under its responsible sector-by-sector regulatory approach:</p> <ul> <li>transportation sector regulations establish progressively more stringent GHG emission standards for heavy-duty vehicles (model years 2014-2018) and for passenger automobiles and light trucks (2011-2025)</li> <li>electricity sector regulations make Canada the first major coal user to ban the construction of traditional coal-fired electricity generating units. These regulations will also lead to the phase-out of existing coal-fired electricity units without carbon capture and storage;</li> <li>renewable fuels regulations require that gasoline contain an average 5% renewable fuel content and that most diesel fuel contain an average 2% content.</li> </ul> <p>The federal government is also taking action to address transportation emissions from the rail, marine, and aviation subsectors.</p> <p>The federal government is currently developing additional regulatory measures that will:</p> <ul> <li>establish more stringent standards in the transportation sector for heavy-duty vehicles of post-2018 model years;</li> <li>gradually phase down HFCs, which will limit potent GHG emissions that are expected to increase substantially in the next 10 to 15 years;</li> <li>reduce GHG emissions from natural gas-fired electricity, as well as from chemicals and nitrogen fertilizers;</li> <li>reduce methane emissions from the oil and gas sector.</li> </ul> <p>Canada’s regulatory approach is aligned with that of the United States, where appropriate, recognizing the importance of cooperative action in an integrated North American marketplace. Canada will continue take cooperative action with its continental trading partners, particularly the United States, and will work towards further action in integrated sectors of the economy, including energy and transportation.</p><p>Canadian provinces and territories have significant authorities over the fields of natural resources, energy, and the environment. Each has its own legal framework and each has its own policies and measures that will reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Mechanisms exist for the federal government to engage with Canadian provinces and territories, as well as other key partners and stakeholders, on climate change. In particular, the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment, a minister-led intergovernmental forum, will be addressing climate change on an ongoing basis.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "CHE": { | |
| "value": "<b>National implementation</b>: Until mid-2016, Switzerland will elaborate a draft for consultation at national level of its national climate policy for the period 2021-2030. It will include measures that allow emission reductions of its target of minus 50 percent by 2030 to be achieved mainly domestically. The proposed measures to achieve the commitments will build on existing measures and strategies. The existing legal frameworks will have to be revised accordingly. These revisions are subject to approval by Parliament. </br><b>Long term</b>: Switzerland plans its climate policy in 10-year-steps, continuously strengthening its reduction targets. The Government of Switzerland has formulated an indicative goal to reduce emissions by 2050 by 70 to 85 percent compared to 1990 including use of international credits as well as the vision to reduce per capita emissions in Switzerland to 1-1.5 t CO<sub>2</sub>eq in the longer term. These unavoidable emissions will have to be eventually compensated through sinks or removals." | |
| }, | |
| "CHL": { | |
| "value": "<p>Assessment of compliance with the intensity target and the LULUCF sector</p> <p>\"1. Greenhouse gas emissions</p> <p>This will be determined using the National Greenhouse Gas Inventory submitted by Chile to the Secretariat of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, through its national communication and/or biennial update report in 2027, and with the progress of the report for the year 2032, discounting emissions and sequestrations of the LULUCF sector. Units: million CO<sub>2</sub> equivalent tons.</p> <p>2. Gross Domestic Product (GDP)</p> <p>It shall be determined based on the annual growth rate of the Gross Domestic Product as published in the series of National Accounts of the Central Bank of Chile. The Gross Domestic Product shall be carried to constant 2011 prices. Units: million Chilean pesos by 2011, CLP$ 2011.</p> <p>3. Specific contribution to the LULUCF sector</p> <p>In order to assess compliance with the commitments of the LULUCF sectors, the National Forestry Corporation (CONAF) and the Forestry Institute (INFOR) are working on the corresponding Monitoring, Reporting and Verification (MRV) tools.</p> <p>For complying with these commitments, Chile has a series of tools. The main one is the Native Forest Recovery and Forest Promotion Law (Law 20.283), which awards credits for activities which favor the regeneration, recovery or protection of native forests.</p> <p>Furthermore, the National Forestry Corporation (CONAF) is implementing the National Climate Change and Vegetation Resource Strategy. This plan, proposes climate change mitigation and adaptation measures aimed at supporting the recovery and protection of native lands and xerophytes. In addition, it promotes the plantation of vegetation in apt soils belonging to small and medium-sized producers. A state mechanism will be designed and implemented to facilitate access by communities and owners to the benefits associated with the environmental services generated by these recovered ecosystems.\"</p><p>Mitigation contribution implementation and follow-up processes</p> <p>\"The processes for the implementation and follow-up of Chile’s contributions include the following tools:</p> <p>- Chile’s National Greenhouse Gas Inventory System, which contains all the institutional, legal and procedural measures set forth for the biennial update of the country’s national inventory.</p> <p>- National Climate Change Action Plan 2016-2021, which is currently being prepared with a cross-sectional integrated approach to mitigation, adaptation and capacity-building, which aims at implementing actions and allocating mitigation responsibilities.</p> <p>- National Energy Agenda led by the Ministry of Energy, which includes the following targets: 30% reduction in the marginal costs of electric energy by 2018, 20% of the energetic matrix should be made up of non-conventional renewable energies by 2025, a 20% reduction in the energy consumption forecast by 2025, and the design of a long-term energy development strategy.</p> <p>- National Sustainable Construction Strategy, led by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Development, which will set forth the guidelines to integrate the concept of sustainable development to the construction sector. This strategy seeks to articulate and link effective energy and environmental plans by establishing goals and objectives in the area of energy, water, waste and health for the long, medium and long-term.</p> <p>- Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs) in all sectors of the economy.</p> <p>- CO<sub>2</sub> emission tax approved by the Tax Reform, Law 20.780 dated October 2014, which shall become effective on January 1, 2017. The reform establishes an annual tax bene t lien on carbon dioxide, among other gases, produced by facilities whose stationary sources, made up of boilers or turbines, have an aggregate thermal power equal or higher than 50 MWt (thermal megawatts). The tax shall be equivalent to 5 US Dollars for every ton of CO<sub>2</sub>.</p> <p>- Tax on the initial sale of lightweight vehicles pursuant to Law 20.780, which has been implemented since December 28, 2014 and which taxes CO<sub>2</sub> emissions indirectly, by charging a higher tax inversely proportional to vehicle performance.\"</p><p>Assessment of compliance with the intensity target and the LULUCF sector</p> <p>\"1. Greenhouse gas emissions</p> <p>This will be determined using the National Greenhouse Gas Inventory submitted by Chile to the Secretariat of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, through its national communication and/or biennial update report in 2027, and with the progress of the report for the year 2032, discounting emissions and sequestrations of the LULUCF sector. Units: million CO<sub>2</sub> equivalent tons.</p> <p>2. Gross Domestic Product (GDP)</p> <p>It shall be determined based on the annual growth rate of the Gross Domestic Product as published in the series of National Accounts of the Central Bank of Chile. The Gross Domestic Product shall be carried to constant 2011 prices. Units: million Chilean pesos by 2011, CLP$ 2011.</p> <p>3. Specific contribution to the LULUCF sector</p> <p>In order to assess compliance with the commitments of the LULUCF sectors, the National Forestry Corporation (CONAF) and the Forestry Institute (INFOR) are working on the corresponding Monitoring, Reporting and Verification (MRV) tools.</p> <p>For complying with these commitments, Chile has a series of tools. The main one is the Native Forest Recovery and Forest Promotion Law (Law 20.283), which awards credits for activities which favor the regeneration, recovery or protection of native forests.</p> <p>Furthermore, the National Forestry Corporation (CONAF) is implementing the National Climate Change and Vegetation Resource Strategy. This plan, proposes climate change mitigation and adaptation measures aimed at supporting the recovery and protection of native lands and xerophytes. In addition, it promotes the plantation of vegetation in apt soils belonging to small and medium-sized producers. A state mechanism will be designed and implemented to facilitate access by communities and owners to the benefits associated with the environmental services generated by these recovered ecosystems.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "CHN": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"To achieve the nationally determined action objectives on climate change by 2030, China needs, building on actions already taken, to make a sustained effort in further implementing enhanced policies and measures in areas such as regime building, production mode and consumption pattern, economic policy, science and technology innovation and international cooperation.\"</p><p>See China's INDC submission for the full list of planned policies and measures.</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "CMR": { | |
| "value": "<p>Cameroon provided information about their planning and implementation processes in the following categories: institutional framework, implementation of INDC, monitoring and evaluation (MRV), communication, updating of INDC, financing and capacity building.</p> <p>See INDC submission for full list of planning and implementation measures.</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "COD": { | |
| "value": "<p class=\"Default\">\"Sous la supervision de la DDD, des équipes d’experts, provenant des ministères et services gouvernementaux, des universités et centres de recherche nationaux, des institutions privées et des organisations non gouvernementales, sont chargées de la définition des approches méthodologiques et de l’exécution des travaux d’estimation des émissions des GES et de l’évaluation de la vulnérabilité aux effets des changements climatiques, ainsi que des besoins technologiques. La responsabilité de l’approbation formelle des rapports d’inventaires des émissions des GES incombe spécifiquement au Comité National Climat qui le soumet au Gouvernement.</p> <p class=\"Default\">Un système national de surveillance, suivi, vérification et notification lié aux activités REDD+ a été développé au sein du MEDD. Des cellules techniques opérationnelles travaillent sur trois piliers de ce système. Il s’agit de (i) Système de Surveillance des Terres par Satellite (SSTS), (ii) Inventaire Forestier National (IFN) et (iii) Inventaire des Gaz à Effet de Serre (IGES). A ce jour, chacun de ces trois piliers réalise des progrès considérables en termes de produits et de renforcement des capacités techniques et humaines. Un système similaire de suivi des émissions hors forêts est en cours de formulation dans le cadre du processus d’élaboration de la stratégie de développement sobre en carbone et de formulation des projets NAMAs.”</p> <p class=\"Default\">Under the supervision of the DDD (la Direction de Développement Durable, or The Office of Sustainable Development), groups of scientists from ministries and governmental services, universities and national research centers, private institutions and non-governmental institutions, have been tasked with defining methodological approaches, the execution of GHG emissions projection projects, the evaluation of vulnerabilities to the impacts of climate change, as well as the technological needs. The responsibility of formally approving GHG emissions inventory accounts falls specifically on the National Climate Committee which submits it to the Government.</p> <p>A national system of surveillance, verification and notification linked to REDD+ activities have been developed within the MEDD (le Ministère de l’Environnement et Développement Durable, or The Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Development). The technical operational units work on three pillars of this system. These are (i) System of Land Satellite Surveillance (SSTS), (ii) National Forest Inventory (IFN), and (iii) Greenhouse Gas Inventory (IGES). To date, either of these pillars have progressed considerably in terms of products and the reinforcement of technical and human capacities. A similar emissions monitoring system outside of forests is under development in the framework of the evaluation of low carbon development strategies and NAMA project formulation.</p> <p><span>See the Democratic Republic of Congo's INDC submission for the full list of planned policies and measures.</span></p>" | |
| }, | |
| "COG": { | |
| "value": "<p>“Cette contribution tient compte des stratégies et plans existants de la République du Congo, notamment le Plan National de Développement, le Document de Stratégie pour la Croissance, l’Emploi et la Réduction de la Pauvreté, la Stratégie Nationale et Plan d’Action de mise en oeuvre de la Convention Cadre des Nations Unies sur les Changements Climatiques et la Stratégie Nationale de Développement Durable.”</p> <p><br />This contribution takes into account the Republic of Congo’s existing plans and strategies including the National Development Plan, the Strategy Paper for Growth, Employment and Poverty Reduction, the National Strategy and Plan of Action for the implementation of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the National Strategy for Sustainable Development.</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "COK": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "COL": { | |
| "value": "<p><strong>Preparation of Goal</strong></p><p>\"Since 2012, within the framework of the Colombian Low-Carbon Development Strategy, analyses were performed with high technical rigor<a title=\"\" href=\"#_ftn1\">[1]</a> to explore trajectories to decouple GHG emissions growth from national economic growth. These analyses included: dialogues with experts from public and private entities, academia, and civil society, with a view to identify and prioritize mitigation measures that were aligned with sectorial development objectives. These exercises and collective agreements formed the basis for developing the BAU and mitigation scenarios, which resulted in the national emission reduction target.</p><p>After this technical process, the government carried out a political process that included the participation of high-level public actors (Ministers and Vice Ministers). Workshops and bilateral meetings were held between the Ministry of the Environment and Sustainable Development, sectorial Ministries and the National Planning Department.\"</p><p><a title=\"\" href=\"#_ftnref1\">[1]</a>The analyses performed based on inclusive methodologies, based on the science of the MAPS Platform.</p><p><strong>Planning Process</strong></p><p>\"Since 2010, Colombia has been developing policy instruments for climate, such as the Policy Document CONPES 3700, the Colombian Low Carbon Development Strategy (CLCDS), the National Strategy for Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (ENREDD +) and the National Adaptation Plan for Climate Change.</p><p>Additionally, since 2014, Colombia is formulating its National Climate Change Policy that aims to establish, in an articulated manner, mitigation and adaptation actions in the country by increasing resilience and reducing the carbon intensity in the economy.</p><p>In this sense, the National Development Plan (NDP) 2014-2018 includes a Green Growth strategy that indicates that \"the climate change policy and draft bill, will be harmonized with the definition of a commitment on emissions reduction, adaptation and means of implementation that meets the criteria of robustness and fairness. This commitment will be submitted by Colombia under the global agreement that is being negotiated under the UNFCCC \". Thus, these instruments allow the incorporation of climate change management in making development decisions in the medium and long term, and facilitate compliance with the objectives laid down in this iNDC.</p><p>Colombia´s iNDC seeks to give greater participation to the territories and sectors at the local level to prioritize and design their own climate change strategies, with a differentiated approach that takes into account regional circumstances. This aims at reconciling \"bottom-up\" and \"top-down\" strategies with a view to establishing enhanced coordination and participation of different stakeholders at the different government levels and links in the value chains of the different sectors.</p><p>To fulfill its mitigation goal, Colombia has prioritized mitigation measures through (8) Sectorial Mitigation Action Plans (SMAPs) that aim to maximize the carbon-efficiency of economic activities at the national and sectorial levels and in turn contribute to social and economic development. These plans were developed under the CLCDS framework and were approved by the relevant sectorial Ministries (Agriculture and Rural Development, Commerce, Industry and Tourism, Transport, Housing, City and Territory and Mines and Energy). Mitigation measures have also been identified in the land use change sector, with processes under the REDD + Strategy and the Amazon Vision Program, among others.</p><p>Since 2013 the country has been working on developing a system for monitoring, reporting and verification for GHG emission reductions and climate financing. To this date, we have advanced in defining the objectives, mitigation measures and principles of the system. The country is committed to continue working in this direction, especially in identifying and developing legal, technical and institutional tools to facilitate monitoring progress towards achieving the iNDC.\"</p>See INDC for section on \"means of implementation.\"" | |
| }, | |
| "COM": { | |
| "value": "<p><strong>“</strong>La Contribution Prévue Déterminée au niveau National (CPDN) de l'Union des Comores s'est appuyée sur sa Stratégie de Croissance Accélérée et de Développement Durable (SCA2D) ainsi que ses différents programmes de Gestion des Changements Climatiques dont l’objectif global est de contribuer à la réduction de la pauvreté, au développement durable tout en apportant des solutions adéquates aux défis liés aux changements climatiques.</p> <p>Ce fut le résultat d'un processus de concertation des différentes parties prenantes qui ont passé en revue tous les programmes, plans d'action et projets relatifs à la lutte contre le changement climatique. Ce processus a été consacré par les autorités nationales à travers la tenue d'un atelier national du 27-28 juillet 2015 présidé par la Ministre en charge de l'environnement.”</p> <p>The Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC) of the Union of the Comoros was based on its Accelerated Growth and Sustainable Development Strategy (SCA2D) as well as its different Climate Change Management programs whose overall objective is to contribute to poverty reduction and sustainable development while providing adequate solutions to the challenges of climate change.</p> <p>It was the result of a consultation process of different stakeholders who reviewed all the programs, actions plans and projects related to climate change. National authorities held a national workshop on July 27-28, 2015 which was chaired by the Ministry of the Environment. </p>" | |
| }, | |
| "CPV": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Cabo Verde’s planning process is anchored on a wide participatory and societal approach and has been shaped by a core set of programmatic documents, including:</p> <ul> <li>Cabo Verde´s Transformational Agenda for 2030;</li> <li>National Energy Efficiency Plan of 2015 (PNAEE);</li> <li>National Renewable Energy Plan of 2015 (PNAER);</li> <li>The Strategic Water and Sanitation Plan (“PLENAS”);</li> <li>Growth and Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (DCRP III); and</li> <li>Cabo Verde´s Low Carbon and Climate Resilient Development Strategy (in preparation).</li> </ul> <p>Cabo Verde is committed to implement the Sustainable Energy for All (SE4all) agenda and – as host to the ECOWAS Regional Centre for Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency (ECREEE) – intends to assume regional leadership on energy transformation in Africa.</p> <p>Cabo Verde has recently signed together with the European Union, Luxembourg, Spain, Portugal and Austria a Joint Declaration on Reinforced Cooperation in the Field of Sustainable Energy. The cooperation will support Cabo Verde on its pathway to universal energy access and enhanced electricity supply from 100% renewable energy sources.</p> <p>Cabo Verde’s national efforts and ambitions respond to the process of the Durban Platform as well as to the Barbados Programme of Action for the Sustainable Development of SIDS, the Samoa Pathway, and the Post-2015 Development Agenda.\"</p><p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Renewable energy</span></p> <p>\"To achieve this goal, the following key measures are envisaged:</p> <ul> <li>smart-grid enhancement for the country’s 9 independent networks with state-of-the-art power conditioning, production and distribution control;</li> <li>built-up of energy storage facilities (including through batteries and flywheels);</li> <li>design of renewable micro-grids;</li> <li>design of individual energy systems (solar home systems); and</li> <li>systematic deployment of solar-water-heaters across all islands.</li> </ul> <p>The ambitious renewable energy roadmap will require close planning in public-private partnerships, simplified procedures for licensing and certification (“one-stop-shops”) and the creation of robust competitive market conditions and the consideration of specific fiscal incentives to attract the private sector.\"</p> <p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Energy Efficiency</span></p> <p>\"To achieve these goals, the following key measures are envisaged:</p> <ul> <li>seeking to reduce the proportion of technical and non-technical losses in energy distribution from about 25% in 2010 to less than 8% by 2030 or before;</li> <li>improving energy efficiency of large consumers, with particular focus on hotels, hospitals and public administration offices by 2030 or before, including through mandatory installation of solar-water-heater components;</li> <li>achieving 30% of efficiency improvement in the use of electric power (15% residential, 15% commercial);</li> <li>improving by at least 10% fuel-usage across sectors and modes of application (except butane usage) by 2030 or before;</li> <li>improving energy performance of the building envelop and implementing a green building code, seeking to cover all new (public or private) buildings by 2030 or before;</li> <li>enhancing energy efficiency of street lighting and creating energy rating labels for domestic; appliances and air conditioning by 2030 or before;</li> <li>further promoting the use of smaller distributed energy solutions (e.g. solar pumps) for water pumping, distribution and irrigation;</li> <li>promoting the built-up of a comprehensive network of energy services companies (ESCOs) and clean-energy business incubators.\"</li> </ul>" | |
| }, | |
| "CRI": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"As a pioneer country in the search for alternative ways for decarbonizing the economy, Costa Rica has a range of political instruments, both in mitigation and adaptation. In 2011, Costa Rica presented its Technological Needs Assessment (TNA) which posted a strategy for technological transfer and access to support greenhouse gas mitigation (GHG), and reduce vulnerability to adverse effects of climate change. In this evaluation, the following sectors and climate actions where prioritized: Public Transportation Integration and Decongestion, and Energy Conservation and Efficiency. In adaptation, two approaches were proposed, the adaptive co-management at the watershed level and detailed (sub-national) climate change scenarios. One of the approaches proposed with impacts both in mitigation and adaptation: Sustainable Agricultural Production.</p><p>Costa Rica has been reforming the structure of its Executive branch, especially, through the Environmental Law of 1995, which created the National Environmental Council. Almost a decade after this law, in 2014, a new structure for the executive branch was proposed, creating, among other organizations, the Environment, Energy, Sea and Land Use Sector Council, which brings together 14 autonomous and government organizations responsible for environmental policy. This Sectoral Council for the Environment has climate change and land use planning as its cornerstones. A Climate Change Department under the Strategic Planning Department of the Environment and Energy Ministry, will work as a Secretariat to the Inter-ministerial Council for Climate Change, facilitating coordination between ministries to implement national and sectorial climate policies. The Inter-ministerial Council for Climate Change was created through the Executive Decree #35669 of January 6th of 2010, which defines the MINAE’s Organic Regulation and appoints MINAE’s Climate Change Department as the entity in charge of implementing climate change policies.</p><p>The 2015-2018 National Development Plan sets the main policy objectives for the Solis Rivera Administration. In matters of climate change, the National Development Plan proposes as a strategic objective the promotion of actions against global climate change, through citizen participation, technology changes, innovation, research, and knowledge to guarantee security, human safety and the country’s competitiveness.</p><p>For such purpose, under the 2015-2018 National Development Plan, there are two relevant results relevant to climate change policies:</p><p>1. Reduce climate change’s impact and variability, increasing the adaptive capacity and disaster risk management, providing better resilience to vulnerable sectors.</p><p>2. Support the key sector emission reduction activities (transport, energy, agriculture, solid waste) to drive the low emission development transformation process to achieve the county’s Carbon-neutral goal within National Contribution framework under the Climate Change Convention Framework of the United Nations.</p><p>As part of its “Open Government” policy, during 2015, a number of sector-wide dialogues were organized by Costa Rica’s government, bringing together key stakeholders to discuss the country’s greenhouse effect gas reduction goals, within the INDCs context. Theses dialogues have enabled a clearer definitions of the sectoral plans and programs needed to accomplish the country’s climate action goals.</p><p>The Climate Change Policy derived from the acquired commitments within this National Contribution, has a multi-sector focus, since we all agree that climate change, more than just and environmental problem, is a development matter which requires effective climate actions through activities in the transportation, energy, forestry, agricultural, livestock and waste management sectors. This will require strengthening the inter-sectorial coordination platforms, such as, the National Environmental Council, the Environment, Energy, Sea and Land Use Sectorial Council, and the Inter-ministerial Council for Climate Change.</p><p>The VIIth National Energy Plan 2015-2030, sets a clear path towards a low emission development pathways by strengthening policies on energy efficiency and the promotion of renewable energies. Confirms the country’s commitment to accomplish better energy efficiency, both in energy use and fuel end-use. In 2015, the Joint Commission between the Ministry of Environment and Energy and the Ministry of Agriculture was created to develop a common Agro-Environmental Agenda. The Vice-Ministries of Energy and Transportation have created an Ad-Hoc coordination mechanism which has allowed a better implementation of energy efficiency and mitigation policies within the transport sector. This change, within the country’s energy sector, was fully supported during the sectorial round tables. MINAE has also launched its Biodiversity National Strategy, which will have important components and relevant action to the country’s mitigation and adaptation goals. The National Action Plan was also used to fight land degradation, which will have significant contributions to rural environment management in mitigation and adaptation.</p><p>As previously mentioned, Costa Rica reserves the right to use market mechanisms to accomplish its mitigation goals. MINAE’s Executive Decree #37926-MINAE of November 11th of 2013, creates a Carbon Board, and decrees the Operation and Regulation of the Domestic Carbon Market, and MINAE’s decree #39099-MINAE of September 10th of 2015, outlining the Structure, Guidelines and Requirements to introduce actions into the Domestic Carbon Market and its digital access. These market mechanisms will be restructured to optimize them into an inter-sectorial implementation mechanism complementary to the previously mentionedinstitutional management driven by National Contribution and the Post 2020 International Climate Regime.</p><p>In summary, the National Contribution will be implemented by the following entities:</p><p>1. Inter-Ministerial Council for Climate Change, which will allow to discuss, define, and follow up on climate change policies.</p><p>2. Ad-Hoc Operational Coordination Mechanism such as: Joint Commissions (agriculture and forestry, transportation and energy), which will coordinate the inter-sectorial implementation agendas under the National Climate Change Strategy.</p><p>3. MINAE’s Climate Change Department, in charge of coordinating the implementation of the National Climate Change Strategy and supervising the definition of technical standards, closely coordinated with other sectorial directions and institutions related to MINAE (Energy Department, National Meteorological Institute, National Forestry Finance Fund, National Conservation Areas System, National Forestry Administration, among others).</p><p>4. The Climate Change Scientific Council will be created to advise the Environmental Sector Council, particularly its lead Ministry (MINAE). This Council will include international and national experts and academics, as well as members of the National Meteorological Institute (IMN), from the National Agricultural Technology Institute (INTA), from the National Council of Universities (CONARE), and from the National Geo-Environmental Information Center (CENIGA).</p><p>5. The Climate Change Citizen Consultation Council, which will create a permanent citizen participation forum on climate change, with wide private sector participation, organized civil society and academia to provide continuity to subjects and workgroups emerging from the sectorial forums in climate change.\"</p><p>" | |
| }, | |
| "CUB": { | |
| "value": "<p>“A partir de la experiencia acumulada, nuestro país ha compartido sus resultados con otras naciones en vías de desarrollo, en especial los pequeños estados insulares. Las vías han sido diversas, desde la colaboración bilateral hasta acciones con el apoyo de países desarrollados y organizaciones internacionales. Con asistencia internacional, Cuba cuenta hoy con Centro de Creación de Capacidades para Reducción de Riesgos de Desastres y la Adaptación al Cambio Climático, que ha realizado múltiples actividades y alberga aún mayores potencialidades, para continuar impulsando la cooperación Sur -Sur.”<br /><br />From past experience, our country has shared its outcomes with other developing countries, especially small island states. The means have been varied, from bilateral cooperation to actions supported by developed countries and international organizations.<br />With international assistance, Cuba now has a Capacity Building Center for Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change Adaptation, which has conducted many activities and still harbors the greatest potential to continue promoting South-South cooperation. </p>" | |
| }, | |
| "DJI": { | |
| "value": "<p>“<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Stratégie générale et évolution du cadre législatif et règlementaire</span></p> <p>La République de Djibouti se prépare à lancer une stratégie pour une économie verte dont ambition sera de favoriser les technologies bas carbone et résilientes aux changements climatiques, de promouvoir les emplois verts, et de tirer bénéfice de la finance climat pour mobiliser les ressources nationales et internationales. Cette stratégie sera développée pour les secteurs clés de l’économie, en cohérence avec la vision à long-terme pour le pays.</p> <p>En parallèle, la République de Djibouti est en train d’élaborer une stratégie nationale sur les changements climatiques. Cette stratégie s’appuiera sur le Plan National d’Adaptation (PNA) ainsi que sur le Programme d’Actions Nationales d’Adaptation (PANA), adoptée en 2006. Elle intègrera des évolutions des réglementations concernant les bâtiments, les climatiseurs et les réfrigérateurs.</p> <p>Ces deux stratégies complémentaires permettront à la République de Djibouti d’atteindre en 2030 les objectifs que le pays se fixe au travers de la présente contribution.</p> <p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Présentation des mesures d’atténuation inconditionnelles</span></p> <p>Les mesures inconditionnelles sont des projets en cours ou programmés dont l’intégralité du financement a été définie. Les informations précisées dans le tableau ci-dessous correspondent au budget prévisionnel et sont susceptibles d’être réévaluées au cours du projet.”</p> <p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">General strategy and the development of the legislative and regulatory framework</span></p> <p>The Republic of Djibouti prepares to launch a strategy for a green economy whose objective will be to support technologies that are low carbon and resilient to climate change, to promote green jobs, and to take advantage of climate finance to mobilize national and international resources. This strategy will be developed for key economic sectors in line with the long-term vision of the country.</p> <p>Concurrently, the Republic of Djibouti is in the process of developing a national strategy about climate change. This strategy will be based on the National Plan for Adaptation as well as the Program for National Adaptation Actions adopted in 2006. Il will integrate the regulatory developments regarding buildings, air-conditioner units, and refrigerators.</p> <p>These two complementary strategies will enable the Republic of Djibouti to achieve its objectives for 2030 which the country has put forward via this contribution.</p> <p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Presentation of unconditional mitigation measures</span><br />The unconditional measures are ongoing or planned projects whose complete financing has been defined. The specified information in the below table correspond to the projected budget and are susceptible to be reevaluated during the projects.</p> <p>(For the complete list of actions for planning processes, please see the INDC submission.)</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "DMA": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"This INDC has been developed through broad-based stakeholder consultation and input, and builds upon key national policies and strategies including:</p><p>- National Climate Change Adaptation Policy (2002);</p><p>- National Capacity Self Assessment (NCSA) (2004);</p><p>- Growth and Social Protection Strategy (GSPS);</p><p>- Dominica’s Low Carbon Climate Resilient Development Strategy and compendium Strategic Program on Climate Resilience (SPCR) (2012);</p><p>- Dominica’s National Energy Policy (draft) (2014);</p><p>- Dominica’s Sustainable Energy Plan (draft) (2014).\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "DOM": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Planning processes will be based on the NDS, the National Policy on Climate Change, the ClimateCompatible Development Plan (CCDP), and the National Adaptation Plan of Action (NAPA-DR). These instruments articulate public policy on strategic areas where indicators have been established for the decarbonization of the economy and society, and relevant aspects for effective climate change adaptation. Furthermore, multisectoral consultations have identified specific actions for climate change adaptation and mitigation.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "DZA": { | |
| "value": "<p class=\"Default\"><strong>“Principales actions projetées </strong>: Subordonnées aux soutiens en matière de financements extérieurs, de développement et de transfert technologique et de renforcement des capacités.</p> <p class=\"Default\">Opérer une transition énergétique et une diversification économique pour atteindre les objectifs de développement durable de l’Algérie. </p> <p class=\"Default\"><strong>Actions phares du secteur de l’Energie :</strong></p> <ul> <li>Atteindre 27% de la production nationale d'électricité à partir des Energies Renouvelables à l’horizon 2030;</li> <li>Généralisation de l’éclairage performant;</li> <li>Isolation thermique de logements entre 2021 et 2030;</li> <li>Augmentation des parts du gaz de pétrole liquéfié et du gaz naturel dans la consommation de carburants entre 2021 et 2030;</li> <li>Réduire à moins de 1% le volume des gaz torchés à l’horizon 2030.</li> </ul> <p><strong>Actions phares dans le secteur des Déchets :</strong></p> <ul> <li>Valorisation des déchets;</li> <li>Compostage des déchets organiques et des déchets verts;</li> <li>Récupération et valorisation énergétique du méthane issu des centres d’enfouissement technique et des stations de traitement des eaux usées.</li> </ul> <p class=\"Default\"><strong>Actions phares dans le secteur des Forêts</strong><em>: </em>Boisement et reboisement et Prévention des incendies de forêts et amélioration des moyens de lutte. </p> <p><strong>Actions de sensibilisation, d’information et d’éducation : </strong>Information, sensibilisation et communication sur les questions et enjeux des changements climatiques et mise en place d’un programme national d’éducation, de formation et de recherche sur les changements climatiques.”</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Important planned actions: </strong>Conditional on support for external finance, the development and transfer of technologies and capacity building.</p> <p>Carry out an energy transition and the diversification of the economy to achieve Algeria’s sustainable development goals.</p> <p><strong>Key actions for the Energy sector:</strong></p> <ul> <li>Produce 27% of national electricity generation from renewable energies by 2030;</li> <li>Expand efficient lighting;</li> <li>Thermal insulation of buildings between 2021 and 2030;</li> <li>Increase the share of liquefied natural gas and natural gas for fuel between 2021 and 2030;</li> <li>Reduce flaring to less than 1% by 2030.</li> </ul> <p><strong>Key actions for the Waste sector:</strong></p> <ul> <li>Waste repurposing;</li> <li>Organic waste composting and green waste;</li> <li>Recovery and repurposing of methane from landfills and waste water treatment facilities. </li> </ul> <p><strong>Key actions for the Forestry sector: </strong>Afforestation and reforestation and prevention of forest wild fires and improving techniques to fight them.</p> <p><strong>Key actions for awareness, information and education: </strong>Information, raising awareness and communication around climate change questions and issues, and the implementation of a national program for education, training and research around climate change.</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "ECU": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"In the process related to short, mid and long-term planning to greenhouse gas reduction, Ecuador takes the following legal instruments into account:</p> <ul> <li>The National Constitution of Ecuador from 2008</li> <li>The National Plan of Good Living (Plan Nacional para el Buen Vivir) 2013- 2017 that contextualizes climate change as a multi-sectorial problem at the national level that needs to be addressed through programmatic measures that generate results at the mid and short-term.</li> <li>The National Climate Change Strategy 2012-2025 that was formulated under a logic of adaptation and mitigation results.</li> <li>The National Climate Change Plan 2015-2018.</li> <li>The national legal framework to protect and preserve wildlife areas representative of the country’s ecosystems, the establishment of the National Heritage of Protected Areas and the Government’s responsibility to manage, supervise and preserve native flora and fauna in the country.\"</li> </ul><p>See INDC for list of actions for means of achieving the target.</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "EGY": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "ERI": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"The Eritrean INDCs is prepared based on existing sustainable development strategies, plans and objectives aligned with national development plans. It was developed with active stakeholder engagement and with full commitment of government officials at all levels. Hence, implementation of INDCs will be in line with existing plans, strategies, policies, legal frameworks as described in table 1. To enhance the implementation, moreover, continuous updating and reporting of climate related national documents such as National Communications (NC), Biennial Update Reports (BUR), Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Action (NAMA), and National Adaption Plan (NAP) will be prepared.\"</p> <p>\"The State of Eritrea through the Ministry of Land, Water and Environment has the full responsibility to monitor and evaluate the implementation of INDCs through regular stakeholders consultative engagement. This will ensure the effective updating and implementation of both mitigation adaption plans.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "ETH": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"The Ethiopian INDC (EINDC) is aligned with the national development plan and anchored on the Climate Resilient Green Economy Vision and Strategy of Ethiopia. The EINDC was developed through an inclusive and participatory process.\"</p><p>\"The plan to mitigate GHG emissions is built on the following four pillars:<br />1) Improving crop and livestock production practices for greater food security and higher farmer incomes while reducing emissions;<br />2) Protecting and re-establishing forests for their economic and ecosystem services, while sequestering significant amounts of carbon dioxide and increasing the carbon stocks in landscapes;<br />3) Expanding electric power generation from renewable energy;<br />4) Leapfrogging to modern and energy efficient technologies in transport, industry and building sectors.\" </p>" | |
| }, | |
| "EU28": { | |
| "value": "Domestic legally-binding legislation already in place for the 2020 climate and energy package. The existing legislation for land use, land-use change and forestry (EU Decision 529/2013) is based on the existing accounting rules under the second commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol. Legislative proposals to implement the 2030 climate and energy framework, both in the emissions trading sector and in the non-traded sector, to be submitted by the European Commission to the Council and European Parliament in 2015-2016 on the basis of the general political directions by the European Council, taking into account environmental integrity." | |
| }, | |
| "FJI": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Fiji’s target is consistent with that laid out in the Green Growth Framework and is also aligned with the Sustainable Energy for All (SE4ALL) initiative of the United Nations.\"</p> <p>Description of key domestic policies and measures giving effect to commitment</p> <p>\"Green Growth Framework 2014<br />Draft Energy Policy 2013<br />Draft Energy Strategic Action Plan 2013<br />Sustainable Energy for All (SE4All) global report<br />Fiji Electricity Authority draft Power Development Plan<br />Electricity Act (Cap.180)<br />Clean Development Mechanism Policy Guideline 2010\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "GAB": { | |
| "value": "<p>(Gabon communicated the following information in Annex I, which provides additional information about the INDC.)</p> <p>\"La rédaction de la contribution du Gabon s’est basée sur un ensemble de documents stratégiques dont le Plan Stratégique Gabon Emergent, le Plan National Climat, les plans opérationnels sectoriels et les textes règlementaires en vigueur. Par ailleurs, le processus mis en place pour cette rédaction a fait intervenir directement les acteurs publics et privés en charge de la mise en oeuvre des politiques publiques ou de leur stricte application.\"</p> <p>The draft of Gabon's contribution is based on a set of strategic documents including the Strategic Plan for an Emerging Gabon, the National Climate Plan, operational sector plans and regulatory provisions. Moreover, the process for developing this draft has directly involved public and private actors in charge of the implementation of public policies or their strict application.</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "GEO": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Georgia will support its mitigation target with comprehensive national climate change policy. The first step will be the finalization of the LEDS. In addition, Georgia plans to develop an action plan \"climate 2021-2030\" (intended to be finalized in 2018) which will define the legal instruments, activities, methods and other relevant issues.\"</p> <p>\"The legislative proposals, national programs and domestic legally-binding acts to implement 2030 climate target will be influenced by Georgia-EU association process and the planned membership in the European Energy Community.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "GHA": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Ghana's INDC was prepared through a comprehensive and participatory process with high-level cabinet approval.\"</p> <p>\"The INDC is anchored in the anticipated 40-year long-term development, the GSGDA II, National Climate Change Policy as well as the Low Carbon Development Strategy. Many national policies, laws and regulation will support implementation in the first 10-year period and beyond with the possibility of mid-term review in 2025.\"</p> <p>\"The proposed measures to achieve the INDC goal will build on existing measures and strategies. The existing legal frameworks will have to be revised accordingly. These revisions are subject to approval by Ghana’s Parliament. Details of the national policies and measures that will support the implementation of the INDC are presented in Annex 1 and Annex 2.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "GIN": { | |
| "value": "<p>The Process of putting together Guinea's INDC</p> <p>\"The National Environment Department of the Ministry of Environment, Water and Forestry (MEEF) is responsible for co-ordinating the implementation of government policy on combating climate change and also deals with GHG inventories.</p> <p>The National Consultation Platform on COP21 (hereinafter PNC-COP21) was set up on the initiative of the MEEF to mobilize representatives of the State, technical departments, civil society and the private sector so that Guinea's voice could be heard, taking on board contributions from all relevant institutions and every level of society. Its objectives include the development of information and communication concerning COP 21 and raising the awareness of civil society and economic operators. It comprises a high-level (ministerial) segment and 11 thematic panels which helped to draw up the INDC.\"</p> <p>Process of planning, implementing and monitoring the INDC</p> <p><em>Cross-cutting activities needed to put the INDC into practice.</em></p> <p>\"If the INDC commitments are to be fulfilled, four urgent cross-sector measures must be implemented with support from the international community:</p> <p>- Meet the significant needs for robust, accessible data, cross-sector medium-term strategic planning documents and monitoring of natural resources (gathering data on water and forest resources, together with meteorological data); these needs can be partially covered through bilateral agreements with some regional-scale organizations;<br />- Promote the inclusion of climate change issues, especially regarding adaptation, in planning and budgeting at local, sectoral and national level;<br />- Take account of gender issues in all development programmes and projects;<br />- Make information on environmental law and the causes and impacts of climate change widely available and accessible so as to raise public awareness and educate the Guinean population as a whole.\"</p> <p><em>Specific activities to implement the INDC</em></p> <p>\"<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Legislative and regulatory framework</span></p> <p>Preparation and enactment of legislation governing the implementation and monitoring/evaluation of the INDC and the decisions and resolutions of the UNFCCC, along the lines of a framework law on the environment and climate change.</p> <p>Preparation and enactment of sectoral legislation governing the implementation of the INDC.</p> <p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Institutional framework</span></p> <p>Maintenance of the National consultative platform on policy to combat climate change (PNC- COP21), tasked with monitoring and evaluating INDC implementation, as a consultative body.</p> <p>Appointment of climate correspondents within each Ministry receiving regular training concerning the integration of climate issues.</p><p>Creation of a steering committee within the National Council for the Environment and Sustainable Development, comprising experts from research institutes, the National Environment Department, Water and Forestry Department, Impact Studies Department and climate correspondents, to monitor and evaluate public policy on combating climate change.</p> <p>This committee should have its own funds to ensure that it can fulfill its functions.</p> <p>Enhancement of the resources allocated to the inclusion of climate issues in the Local Development Plans (Ministry of Spatial Planning and Decentralization) and Urban Development Plans.</p><p>The Republic of Guinea has ratified the three main United Nations Conventions: CBD (1993), UNCCD (1997) and UNFCCC (1993). In this regard, better co-ordination of the focal points for each of these conventions could help to create synergies.</p> <p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Putting the INDC into operation</span></p> <p>Completion, on an urgent basis, of:</p> <p>- The 2nd National Communication on climate change;<br />- Registration of the NAMA proposal with the UNFCCC;<br />- The prospective studies Guinea Vision 2035 and Guinea Vision 2040.</p><p>Carrying out complementary studies in the short term:</p> <p>- 3rd national GHG inventory;<br />- Forest inventory, particularly with a view to a potential REDD+ strategy proposal;<br />- Urgent review from the climate change perspective of the Land Code; Forest Code; Environment Code; Conakry Planning Scheme and Urban Development Programme; and the SDAM;<br />- Refine the study of methods for funding the INDC commitments, including through involvement of the carbon markets and private investment.</p> <p>Integrate the activities necessary for INDC implementation in the 2016-2020 five-year plan (under preparation) and corresponding budget.</p> <p>Boost the resources available to the Guinean administration for:</p> <p>- Collection and processing of climatological and hydrological data;<br />- Collection and processing of maregraphic data;<br />- Collection and processing of data on forests (mapping and remote sensing).</p><p>Translate the INDC into operational sectoral programmes.</p> <p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Updating/revision</span></p> <p>Revision following COP21, if necessary.<br />Then revision following delivery of the 2nd National Communication.<br />Followed by review every five years by the steering committee on monitoring/evaluation.</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "GMB": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"This technical report is the result of the technical support provided towards The Gambia‟s INDC-development process. The results from this analysis feed into the political process in The Gambia, which ultimately decided on the INDC. The process leading to this technical report and providing additional input towards the political process includes the technical work carried out by the consultants, and a national stakeholder engagement process. To this end, The Gambia carried out national stakeholder consultations on INDC-development in the form of workshops.</p> <p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Technical inception workshop</span> at the senior technical expert level informed experts on the context and planning of the project and the purpose of the activities; and provided input for the technical analysis regarding challenges and current status in the different sectors. The workshop was attended by 80 experts from ministries, departments, NGOs and the private sector.</p> <p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Local level sensitization workshops</span> were held at the country‟s eight local government areas (districts) and stakeholders acquired knowledge on the issues related to climate change, the UNFCCC process and the significance of the INDC; providing input on appropriate mitigation options. About 120 participants in each district and from all local stakeholder groups participated.</p> <p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Technical training workshop</span> at the senior technical expert level was held to familiarize sector experts in The Gambia with the calculation methods and tools used for the INDC development and to discuss the robustness of assumptions made for calculations and adjust these where needed. The workshop was attended by 25 participants from key ministries, agencies and institutes for the different sectors.</p><p>The Climate Analytics Consultants and the National INDC Team collaborated in the technical analysis leading to the development of the INDC. The technical analysis only forms one input into the process of developing the INDC. Although national priorities, development aspirations and technical feasibility were part of the analysis, other considerations influenced priorities and level of ambition. The Technical Analysis Report provides a brief description of the status of activities in The Gambia; a short discussion of the GHG profile of the country and critical sectors; the methodological approach taken for baseline development and mitigation analysis; the results obtained from the analysis per sector and at the national level; and two possible approaches for the formulation of the INDC as an input to the political process. This document guided the formulation of this INDC.\"</p> <p>Implementation<br />\"The Government of The Gambia has in place legislative and policy instruments to address climate change and some of these instruments have been used in the development of this INDC and will be used for its implementation (see Section 5 [Means of implementation]).\"</p> <p>See Gambia's full INDC submission for additional information on \"Policies, strategies, programmes and projects.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "GNQ": { | |
| "value": "<p>“La Contribución de la República de Guinea Ecuatorial ha sido elaborada bajo la supervisión del Ministerio de Pesca y Medio Ambiente, a través de la Dirección General de Medio Ambiente a través del con la colaboración de: Grupo de Expertos de la Coordinación Nacional de Cambios Climáticos y la Asistencia Técnica Internacional. Los datos recogidos en la documentación son de origen nacional e internacional, con un enfoque participativo de actores clave como: los Representantes de Ministerios Sectoriales, sociedad civil, Organización de la Sociedad Civil, el Sector Privado, Cooperación Bilateral y Multilateral.”</p> <p>The contribution of the Republic of Equatorial Guinea has been prepared under the supervision of the Ministry of Fisheries and Environment, the Directorate General of Environment and in collaboration with the Panel of National Coordination of Climate Change and International Technical Assistance. The data collected in the documentation come from national and international sources, and with a participatory approach from stakeholders who are representatives of sectoral ministries, civil society, the Civil Society Organization, the private sector, and bilateral and multilateral cooperation.</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "GRD": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Grenada INDC process was a government driven process. A technical committee was formed as a sub-group from the National Climate Change Committee and comprised of relevant Ministries including representatives from the Ministry of Agriculture, Lands, Forestry, Fisheries and the Environment and the Energy Division in the Ministry of Finance. This committee, with the assistance of research institutions, coordinated the process of gathering data and conducting calculations and compiling information. This committee was also charged with coordinating national stakeholder engagement as well as gaining the final approval from Cabinet. The committee met with key stakeholders from the key sectors and the proposals contained herein have been endorsed by these stakeholders.\"</p><p>\"Domestic laws, regulations, and measures relevant to implementation: <br>Grenada has been using the following policies as guiding principles for low carbon development. National Energy Policy 2011, Grenada Protected Area Systems Plan 2012, National Climate Change Policy and Action Plan (2007-2011)\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "GTM": { | |
| "value": "<p>“La ley marco de cambio climático creó, a nivel político, el consejo nacional de cambio Climático orientado a velar por la aplicación de esa ley. Adicionalmente, se han creado unidades técnicas especializadas en los Ministerios de Ambiente, Agricultura, Energía y Minas, Finanzas, Relaciones Exteriores y otras dependencias como: Consejo Nacional de Áreas Protegidas, Instituto Nacional de Bosques, Instituto de Sismología, Vulcanología, Meteorología e Hidrología.</p> <p>La ley marco de cambio climático dicta las directrices nacionales del proceso de planificación y programación de la inversión pública para integrar la variable del cambio climático y ordena la elaboración del plan de acción nacional de adaptación y mitigación, el cual se encuentra en construcción. Con base a ese Plan, la ley ordena que se desarrollen los planes estratégicos institucionales de reducción de la vulnerabilidad, adaptación y mitigación al cambio climático vinculados a la planificación nacional y al presupuesto de la Nación. La ley marco de cambio climático también creó el sistema nacional de información (Art. 9) sobre cambio climático que contendrá información en temas de mitigación y adaptación.”</p> <p>The framework law on climate change established, at the political level, the national climate change council designed to oversee the implementation of that law. Additionally, it has created specialized technical units within the Ministries of Environment, Agriculture, Energy and Mining, Finance, Foreign Affairs and other agencies such as the National Council on Protected Areas, the National Forest Institute, the Institute of Seismology, Volcanology, Meteorology and Hydrology. </p> <p>The framework law dictates the guidelines for national climate change processes for the planning and programming of public investments in order to integrate climate change as a variable in them, and it directs the preparation of the national action plan for adaptation and mitigation, which is under construction. Based on this plan, the law mandates that institutional strategic plans be developed to reduce vulnerability, adaptation and mitigation of climate change linked to national planning and national budget. The framework law on climate change also created the national information system (Art. 9) on climate change that include information on issues of mitigation and adaptation.</p> <p>See INDC for full list of implementation measures. </p>" | |
| }, | |
| "GUY": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Guyana has employed a consultative process that involves all key stakeholders. An inter-Agency Task force has been established by Cabinet decision. This Task Force oversees the entire process. A small technical team led by Guyana's Lead negotiator made the first draft. The Task reviewed this draft and produced a second draft. This then was presented to a national stakeholder consultation, and informed a third draft. The final draft was submitted to Cabinet which approved it in its final form.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "HND": { | |
| "value": "<p class=\"Default\">“El periodo de implementación es 2012-2030, con una revisión cada 5 años. La primera revisión se realizará después de la finalización de la Tercera Comunicación Nacional, para poder recibir los insumos de la misma.” </p> <p class=\"Default\">“Listado de grandes ejes existentes:</p> <ul> <li>Ley de Cambio Climático</li> <li>Estrategia Nacional de Cambio Climático</li> <li>Plan Estratégico de Gobierno (2014- 2018) “Plan de Todos para una Vida Mejor”</li> </ul> <p class=\"Default\">Procesos abiertos:</p> <ul> <li>Proceso Nacional de Finanzas del Clima</li> <li>Plan Nacional de Adaptación al Cambio Climático</li> <li>Actualización del Plan de Acción de la Estrategia Nacional de Cambio Climático</li> <li>Ley Agroforestal para el Desarrollo Rural</li> </ul> <p class=\"Default\">Estos instrumentos articulan la política pública en torno a ejes estratégicos, donde se han establecido indicadores para lograr un desarrollo bajo en carbono, tanto a nivel económico como social buscando la mitigación al cambio climático, y así como una efectiva adaptación al cambio climático. Además, en consultas multisectoriales se han identificado acciones específicas para la adaptación y la mitigación. </p> <p>La elaboración de este INDC ha incluido un proceso de participación de los principales actores implicados, incluyendo talleres participativos y reuniones sectoriales.” </p> <p>The implementation period is 2012-2030, with a review every five years. The first review will take place after the completion of the Third National Communication, in order to receive material from it.</p> <p>List of existing major plans:</p> <ul> <li>Climate Change Act</li> <li>National Climate Change Strategy</li> <li>Government Strategic Plan (2014- 2018) \"All Plan for a Better Life\"</li> </ul> <p>Open processes:</p> <ul> <li>National Climate Finance Process</li> <li>National Plan for Adaptation to Climate Change</li> <li>Update of the Action Plan of the National Climate Change Strategy</li> <li>Agroforestry Rural Development Act</li> </ul> <p>These public policy instruments articulate strategic areas where indicators have been identified to achieve low-carbon development, both economically and socially, seeking to mitigate climate change, as well as an effective adaptation to climate change. Furthermore, multisectoral consultations have identified specific actions for adaptation and mitigation.</p> <p>The development of this INDC has included participation of key stakeholders, including participatory workshops and sectoral meetings.</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "HTI": { | |
| "value": "<p><strong>“Processus de planification</strong></p> <p>Pour la mise en oeuvre de sa CPDN, le pays entend définir au cours de la période 2016-2020:</p> <ul> <li>Sa Politique Nationale sur les Changements Climatiques;</li> <li>Son Plan National d’Adaptation (PNA);</li> <li>Son Plan de réponse aux pertes et dommages climatiques;</li> <li>Ses Plans d’aménagement du territoire par région;</li> <li>et sa Politique Nationale Forestière.</li> </ul> <p>Par ailleurs pour cette période, le pays vise à:</p> <ul> <li>Réviser son cadre institutionnel et légal par rapport aux objectifs de la</li> <li>contribution;</li> <li>Mettre en place le système MRV et les Mesures d’Atténuation Appropriées au</li> <li>niveau National (MAAN).”</li> </ul> <p><strong>Planning processes</strong></p> <p>For the implementation of its INDC during the period 2016-2020 the country intends to develop:</p> <ul> <li>The National Policy on Climate Change;</li> <li>The National Adaptation Plan (NAP);</li> <li>Its response plan to climate losses and damages;</li> <li>Its development plans of the territory by region;</li> <li>Its National Forestry Policy.</li> </ul> <p>Additionally, during this period the country aims to:</p> <ul> <li>Revise its institutional and legal framework in relation to the objectives of the contribution;</li> <li>Establish the MRV system and Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Measures (NAMAs).</li> </ul> <p><strong>“Cadre institutionnel et moyens de mise en oeuvre</strong></p> <p>Le cadre institutionnel existant pour la mise en oeuvre des actions dans le domaine des changements climatiques repose essentiellement sur le Ministère de l'Environnement à travers sa direction de lutte contre les changements climatiques. Pour la mise en oeuvre de la CPDN, le chef du gouvernement haïtien affirmera son leadership sur le dossier et la coordination sera assurée par le Ministère de l'Environnement en collaboration directe et continue avec le Comité National sur les Changements Climatiques (CNCC) qui sera mis en place. Ce comité sera constitué des représentants des ministères sectoriels, des collectivités territoriales, de la société civile et du secteur privé et aura pour mandat d'assurer le pilotage, le suivi et le rapportage des activités de l'engagement d'Haïti. L'aspect genre sera pris en compte dans tout le processus d'implémentation de la CPDN.”</p> <p><strong>Institutional framework and means of implementation</strong></p> <p>The existing institutional framework for the implementation of climate change actions mainly resides with the Ministry of Environment through their leadership in the fight against climate change. For the implementation of the INDC, the head of the Haitian government will assert its leadership on the issue and the Ministry of Environment will coordinate directly and continuously with the National Committee on Climate Change which will be set up. This committee will consist of representatives of sectoral ministries, local authorities, the</p> <p>civil society and the private sector, with the mandate to ensure the control, monitoring and reporting of Haiti’s contributions. The question of gender will be taken into account along the entire implementation process of the INDC.</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "IDN": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"The GOI has demonstrated its strong commitment to institutional development by establishing the Directorate General of Climate Change, under the Ministry of Environment and Forestry. Established by Presidential Regulation No.16 of 2015, the Directorate General serves as the National Focal Point for the Conference of the Parties (COP) of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) to effectively facilitate ongoing relevant programs and processes being implemented by a variety of government sectors and stakeholders. Since climate change has local to national and international dimensions, coordination and synergy will continuously be enhanced between the Ministry of Environment and Forestry with Ministry of National Development Planning (BAPPENAS) in the context of climate change and national development and with Ministry of Foreign Affairs in the context of climate chnage and international negotiations.</p><p>To further strengthen institutional capacity, Indonesia is developing appropriate legal instruments for environmental protection and management, spatial planning, renewable energy, and coastal and small islands management. In additional to these legal instruments, Indonesia has created regulatory frameworks specifically on climate change mitigation, and the National Action Plan on Adaptation to Climate Change (RAN-API).</p><p>In the preparation of the INDC, the GOI has conducted consultations with various stakeholders representing academia, the private sector, and civil society organizations; these consultations have included workshops and consultations organized at both the national and local levels. The preparation of the INDC has also taken into account the Post-2015 Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) particularly on taking urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts, promoting food security and sustainable agriculture, achieving gender equality, ensuring the availability and sustainable management of water, access to affordable, reliable, and renewable energy for all, sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, resilient infrastructure, sustainable consumption and production patterns, conservation and sustainable use of the oceans, seas, and marine resources, protecting, restoring and promoting sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainability managing forests, combating desertification, and halting and reversing land degradation and biodiversity loss.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "IND": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"To achieve the above contributions, India is determined to continue with its on-going interventions, enhance the existing policies as detailed in previous sections and launch new initiatives in the following priority areas:</p> <p>1) Introducing new, more efficient and cleaner technologies in thermal power generation.<br />2) Promoting renewable energy generation and increasing the share of alternative fuels in overall fuel mix.<br />3) Reducing emissions from transportation sector.<br />4) Promoting energy efficiency in the economy, notably in industry, transportation, buildings and appliances.<br />5) Reducing emissions from waste.<br />6) Developing climate resilient infrastructure.<br />7) Full implementation of Green India Mission and other programmes of afforestation.<br />8) Planning and implementation of actions to enhance climate resilience and reduce vulnerability to climate change.</p> <p>India has also revisited the National Missions under the NAPCC in the light of new scientific information and technological advances and identified new missions or programs on wind energy, health, waste to energy, and coastal areas. It is also redesigning the National Water Mission and National Mission on Sustainable Agriculture.\"</p> <p>See India's full INDC submission for additional information on its mitigation strategies, including \"Clean and efficient energy system\", \"Enhancing energy efficiency in industries\", \"Developing climate resilient urban centers\", \"Promoting waste to wealth conversion\", \"Safte, smart and sustainable green transportation network\", \"Planned afforestation\", \"Abatement of pollution\", and \"Citizens and private sector contribution to combating climate change.\"</p><p>See India's full INDC submission for additional information on \"Means of Implementation\", including \"Climate change finance requirement\", \"Requirement for technology transfer & support\", and \"Capacity building needs.\"</p> <p>See India's full INDC submission for additional information on “Recent Initiatives of the Government of India\", including \"Mitigation strategies\", ”Adaptation strategies\", and \"Climate finance policies.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "IRN": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"This level of unconditional emission reduction will be achieved through development of combined cycle power plants, renewable energies and nuclear power, as well as reduction of gas flare emissions, increasing energy efficiency in various consuming sectors, substituting high-carbon fuels with natural gas, strategic planning for utilizing low-carbon fuels, intensifying economic diversification and participation in market-based mechanisms at the national and international levels.<br />...<br />It should be noted that the process of implementing our unconditional mitigation of GHGs emission will be facilitated and speeded up, only in the absence of any forms of restrictions and sanctions.</p> <p>...</p> <p>These additional mitigation actions will be achieved through focusing on energy sector and industrial processes, as well as conservation and development of forests, sustainable agriculture and waste management.\"</p><p>Calculation Method and Verification Process and Reporting</p><p>\"Emission calculations are based on the IPCC 2006 guidelines, hence GHGs emissions mitigation planned are to benefit from national Monitoring, Reporting and Verification (MRV) mechanisms becoming operational by the end of 2020. This is to verify and control the implementation of national mitigation actions. In addition, the progress of national mitigation actions will be accelerated by enforcement of national fuel consumption and emissions standards.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "IRQ": { | |
| "value": "<p>There are strategic plans in place that provide the basis for implementation of these proposed reductions. They include:</p> <ul> <li>Integrated Energy Strategy (2013-2030)</li> <li>Industrial Strategy of Iraq (-2030)</li> <li>Strategy to Develop the Private Sector until 2030</li> <li>The National Strategy for the Protection of the Environment</li> </ul>" | |
| }, | |
| "ISL": { | |
| "value": "Iceland has a national implementation plan for climate mitigation in place, aimed at ensuring Iceland’s compliance with commitments in the Kyoto Protocol until 2020. Iceland takes part in the EU Emissions Trading Scheme, as part of the European Economic Area; this participation is seen as continuing after 2020, regulating over 40% of Iceland’s emissions." | |
| }, | |
| "ISR": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"An inter-ministerial committee, chaired by the Director General of the Ministry of Environmental Protection, examined the potential for reducing greenhouse gas emissions in 2030. The committee consisted of representatives from all relevant government ministries, public utility companies, industry and commerce, local government, environmental and non-governmental organizations, academia and other national and international experts from various disciplines. Specific working groups assessed and quantified the costs and benefits of over a hundred different abatement measures in each of the main sectors in the economy, including energy, transportation, buildings, industry and waste. At the same time, removal of obstacles to implementation was examined.</p> <p>Based on the comprehensive work and findings of the committee, a national emissions reduction target for Israel was formulated and is expected to yield significant benefits to the economy. Submitted jointly to the government by the Ministers of Environmental Protection, Finance and National Infrastructures, Energy and Water Resources the target was approved and includes sector specific targets:</p> <ul> <li>Energy efficiency - 17% reduction in electricity consumption relative to BAU scenario in 2030</li> <li>Renewable energy – 17% of the electricity generated in 2030 will be from renewable sources</li> <li>Public transport – 20% shift from private to public transportation.\"</li> </ul> <p>Future development</p> <p>\"The government decision for the national target stipulates that within 45 days of approval, the relevant ministries are to submit to the government an outline of economy wide measures to be taken. It is anticipated that the implementation plan will consist of, inter alia, the following:</p> <ul> <li>The establishment of mechanisms leveraging large scale private funding together with public funding of energy efficiency projects;</li> <li>A program of tenders for renewable energy. The 17% renewable energy target is substantially more ambitious than Israel's current 10% target for 2020;</li> <li>Removal of barriers for the uptake of renewable energy;</li> <li>Measures to increase the use of natural gas. The recent discovery</li> <li>of additional natural gas reserves off the coast of Israel has and will continue to contribute to a partial switch from coal to natural gas in Israel's fuel mix and which contributed to GHG emissions reduction between 2012 and 2015. The government is now working on the further development of gas fields, expected to have significant mitigation potential;</li> <li>Further development of public transport systems in major metropolitan areas such as the construction of the Tel Aviv metropolitan light rail; the extension of the intercity rail system and of the Jerusalem light rail.</li> </ul> <p>Initial steps have begun for the establishment of a national system for managing and monitoring greenhouse gas emissions. Quantitative and qualitative data collection and analysis will be carried out in order to track and record headway on implementation of the abatement measures. The inter-ministerial committee will perform a regular review process of the national strategy and recommend new policy instruments where necessary.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "JAM": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Jamaica will implement this INDC through the Climate Change Policy Framework and the National Energy Policy 2009-2030. Additionally, Jamaica has developed a nationally appropriate mitigation action for the scale-up of renewable electricity that will be central to the full implementation of this INDC.</p> <p>Institutionally, the Climate Change Division of the Ministry of Water, Land, Environment and Climate Change will be responsible for coordinating actions among government ministries, departments and agencies to implement the INDC, as well as creating an enabling environment for necessary private sector action.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "JOR": { | |
| "value": "<p>Short-term planning process:</p><p>\"Jordan’s well organized and institutionalized planning process for combating climate change has started in 2013 by voluntarily developing the National Climate Change Policy for the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan 2013-2020 as mentioned before. The provisions of this Climate Change Policy are being integrated/ mainstreamed in environmental, social and economic policies and legislation in the Country. In particular, the Policy’s provision will be integrated in the National Green Growth Plan and Implementation Roadmap, which is currently under development and will be launched in 2016 and will cover six sectors (energy, water, waste, transport, tourism and agriculture). The INDC proposed for Jordan is envisioned as the core element of the said National Green Growth Plan. This helps dual implementation of the INDCs and the Country’s green growth plan. The National Committee on Climate Change is mandated to monitor the progress in the implementation of the Climate Change Policy on the national level and thus the INDC. A large share of the objectives of the Policy will be implemented through sector strategies under the responsibility of the sector’s ministries (energy, water, agriculture, health, and others). Their progress will be monitored by each involved sector on the basis of the specific monitoring framework adopted in the respective sector’s policies and strategies.\"</p><p>Medium - to long-term planning process:</p><p>\"The national implementation will be based on the time frame of the commitments, which is until end of 2030 for the GHGs reduction targets and until 2025 for the other packages of mitigation actions (and tied KPI-based targets) based on timeframe adopted by Jordan 2025 Vision. The GHGs reduction targets’ achievement will be tracked through the information in Jordan’s national inventories and Biennial Update Report (BURs). The preparation of the first BUR for Jordan will start in 2016 and is expected to be completed in late 2017. For the other packages of mitigation actions (and tied KPI-based targets) proposed in Jordan 2025, the Vision has set a “Performance Management Framework for Implementation” to assure that the policies, measures, and KPIs articulated in the Vision will be fulfilled. In each section of the 2020 Vision, a number of KPIs have been chosen to measure progress, and where possible, objective and internationally used KPIs have been selected. This is to ensure transparency in measuring progress. The governmental executive programs that will be prepared based on this Vision will measure progress in the short and medium terms. The time-period covered by the Vision was divided into three phases, and each phase will be evaluated to see what has, and what has not been, achieved in order to ensure continuing the implementation of policies and initiatives of the said Vision. The Prime Minister’s Delivery Unit was re-established to follow up the most important initiatives proposed and overcome the obstacles facing the Vision’s implementation in order to assure commitment and effective implementation.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "JPN": { | |
| "value": "<ul> <li>\"Japan’s INDC has been developed, taking into account, <em>inter alia</em>, decisions of the COP, actions by other countries, progress in deliberations on a future framework under the Convention, and domestic consideration of the energy policies and its energy mix.</li> <li>The INDC was considered through discussions open to the public at the Joint Experts’ Meeting of the Central Environment Council (Subcommittee on Global Warming Measurement after 2020, Global Environment Committee) and the Industrial Structure Council (INDC WG, Global Environment Subcommittee, Committee on Industrial Science and Technology Policy and Environment).</li> <li>Energy policies and the energy mix were considered through open discussions at the Advisory Committee for Natural Resources and Energy.</li> <li>The main policies and measures that are expected, at this time, to be implemented for reduction of GHG emissions and removals are listed in the reference information attached.</li> <li>Based on the discussions above, the Global Warming Prevention Headquarters (ministerial decision-making for global warming countermeasures) developed a draft INDC. After going through public comment procedure, it made a final decision on the INDC.</li> <li>Japan is to develop the Plan for Global Warming Countermeasures based on the Act on Promotion of Global Warming Countermeasures.\"</li> </ul>Also see INDC for \"Measures which from the basis for the bottom-up calculation of the GHG emission reduction target.\"" | |
| }, | |
| "KAZ": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Kazakhstan’s long term objectives is to become one of the 30 most developed countries in the world by 2050. Following a path of low carbon economy growth Kazakhstan adopted the law \"On energy saving and energy efficiency\", “On Supporting the Use of Renewable Energy Sources” aiming at greater use of renewable energy sources.</p> <p>In order to emphasize its commitment to low carbon growth, Kazakhstan has adopted a Concept on transition to a «Green» Economy. For the implementation of the Concept, an action is developed, under which government programs on waste management, modernisation of housing and communal services, development of sustainable transport, conservation of ecosystems and enhancement of forest cover were adopted. The laws on extended responsibility of entrepreneurs and greening of vehicles are being formulated.</p> <p>The implementation of the «Green» Economy Concept, and adoption of related legislative acts, should lead to modernisation of key infrastructure and production technologies based on energy-efficient technologies, and will make a significant contribution to reducing the emissions of greenhouse gases.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "KEN": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"In response to the challenges posed by Climate Change, Kenya has developed a National Climate Change Response Strategy (NCCRS 2010), National Climate Change Action Plan (NCCAP 2013), and a National Adaptation Plan (NAP) - under preparation which provides a vision for low carbon and climate resilient development pathway, while a National Climate Change Framework Policy and legislation are in their final stages of enactment to facilitate effective response to climate change. Kenya is operationalising these policies and plans through the implementation of climate change actions in various areas such as afforestation and reforestation, geothermal and other clean energy development, energy efficiency, climate smart agriculture, and drought management.<br>...<br>Kenya’s INDC builds on the participatory multi-stakeholder and cross-sectoral consultative processes during the development of NCCRS and NCCAP at national and county levels. The contribution will also contribute towards the delivery of the Constitution of Kenya and the attainment of Vision 2030, the country’s development blueprint. \"</p> <p><strong>Planning Process</strong></p> <p>\"Kenya’s planning process on mitigation and adaptation hinges on the NCCAP and the NAP. The two shall be reviewed every five years to inform the MTP. The adaptation actions are further amplified in the NAP. Mitigation and adaptation actions are implemented across the various sectors at both the national and county government levels. The Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources coordinates the country’s climate change affairs through the National Climate Change Secretariat (NCCS).</p> <p>The planning process also takes cognisance of the Climate Change Bill (2014) that proposes several institutional reforms to enhance coordination of climate change adaptation and mitigation. These include the establishment of:</p> <ul> <li>A high level National Climate Change Council chaired by the President. The Council shall provide an overarching national climate change coordination mechanism and, among other roles, ensure the mainstreaming of climate change functions by the National and County governments, and approve and oversee the implementation of the NCCAP.</li> <li>A Climate Change Directorate as the lead agency of the government on national climate change plans and actions to deliver operational coordination; and provide technical assistance on climate change actions and responses to County governments.</li> <li>Kenya Climate Fund to be a financing mechanism for priority climate change actions and interventions approved by the Council.</li> </ul> <p>In addressing climate change issues, public entities are required to undertake public awareness and consultations, and ensure gender mainstreaming, in line with the Constitution and the Climate Change Bill (2014).\"</p><p>See INDC for list of adaptation actions</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "KGZ": { | |
| "value": "<p>Monitoring and reporting</p><p>\"Monitoring over implementation of the mitigation contribution will be combined with a process of regular updating of the national mitigation priorities, programs and action plans. Preparation of the updated programs and plans will be based on assessments of the earlier mitigation measures’ implementation.</p><p>The domestic MRV system will be developed and established as a basis for monitoring and reporting of the mitigation actions. Reporting will also be carried out in the frames of the national communications on climate change and biennial update reports.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "KHM": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"The INDC has been developed under the coordination of the National Council for Sustainable Development. An INDC Preparation Team has been appointed, with representatives from relevant ministries that will be responsible for the implementation of the specific actions identified.</p> <p>This INDC (and its future revisions) are to be an integral part of the climate change architecture of Cambodia. Hence its implementation will be aligned with that of Cambodia's national climate change policy, and not create unnecessary duplication.</p> <p>There are a number of existing and planned domestic processes for delivering, supporting, and monitoring climate change policy in Cambodia, thereby facilitating the successful implementation of the actions captured in the INDC. It is clear that these strategies and plans will need to be revised once the timeframes expire, after having assessed the progress achieved under them.</p> <p>Cambodia made extensive progress in developing processes for implementing climate change interventions over the last decade. The overarching development plan for the country, the National Strategic Development Plan (2014-2018), states the importance of implementing Cambodia's Climate Change Strategic Plan (2014-2023) and contains indicators to track implementation of climate change actions. Further, the INDC development is guided by theGreen Growth Road Map (2009), developed with the aim to support the achievement of middle-income country status by 2030. The roadmap also has priority projects for the longer term i.e. 2020-2030.</p> <p>Cambodia intends to support the initial delivery of the INDC mainly through the implementation of the Cambodia Climate Change Strategic Plan (CCCSP) (2014 – 2023). The following strategic priorities aim to develop Cambodia towards a green, low-carbon, climate-resilient, equitable, sustainable and knowledge-based society:</p> <p>(1) The line ministries have developed Sectoral Climate Change Strategic Plans and Action Plans (SCCSPs and SCCAPs) are aligned with CCCSP and cover all the main sectors of relevance to climate change, where identified in the NAPA and National Communications under the UNFCCC. Cambodia is also actively mainstreaming climate change resilience into sub-national planning and finance systems.</p> <p>(2) Specifically on adaptation, Cambodia has undertaken initiatives to mainstream adaptation into national development, and in specific sectors such as in the agriculture, forestry and human health sectors, as well as coastal zone management. In addition to the CCSP and the SCCSPs and SCCAPs, Cambodia has developed the National Adaptation Programme of Action to Climate Change (2006), in which coping mechanisms to hazards and climate change impacts are identified, as well as key adaptation needs.</p> <p>(3) The National Adaptation Plan (NAP) process is being used in Cambodia to strengthen the ongoing climate change adaptation processes through cross-sectoral programming and implementation at national and sub-national levels. It may in turn inform future climate change strategies, financing frameworks, and national development planning and budgeting.</p> <p>(4) Forestry related actions would be implemented as part of the national REDD+ Strategy. Cambodia is developing an operational National Forest Monitoring System (NFMS), Reference Emission Level to more accurately quantify GHG impacts of actions in this sector. This will form the basis of implementing and accounting for the forestry actions post 2020. Further, Forest Reference Emission Levels and Forest Reference Levels 11 (FREL/FRL) and a Safeguards Information System (SIS) will be used to account for the emissions reduced via the implementation of activities identified from 2016-2020.</p> <p>Cambodia has already taken steps to ensure that its monitoring and evaluation (M&E) system includes indicators to measure progress, including INDC implementation, both for adaptation and mitigation. The monitoring, reporting and verification (MRV) system will build on the greenhouse gas inventory. In particular, continued support to develop the REDD+ MRV system is required, in order to enable Cambodia to move towards the third phase of REDD+ where it will receive performance-based payments. M&E for adaptation is currently carried out at project-level. A national M&E framework will be developed, while activities to operationalise it in key sectors have already begun.</p> <p>The Annex to this INDC summarises the prioritised actions on climate change mitigation and adaptation, and the proposed related planning and implementation processes. It is expected that there will be stock-taking of progress and lessons learned in 2018 for the development of the action plans for the subsequent period.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "KIR": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "KNA": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"The iNDC preparation has been built upon from previous climate and non-climate activities and includes a consultative process, involving key actors to obtain useful information at the sectoral level.</p> <p>The implementation process is still under discussion to ensure that there is highest participation and ownership from the key actors. A very comprehensive plan for the implementation phase must take place to track and monitor the policies and measures within the iNDC.\"</p><p>Implementation Support</p> <p>\"St. Kitts and Nevis is aware of the importance of developing a comprehensive plan which must serve as the preparation stage for the implementation process.</p> <p>In order to ensure the effective implementation of the plan proposed above, the local actors must be involved and therefore empowered and prepared to execute the necessary tasks. The preparation process may require, inter alia, technical training, capacity building workshops, expert guidance, and feasibility and technical studies. It is important to highlight the relevance of the institutional capacity, as well as the necessary establishment of institutional coordination and political support to meet the desired national goals. Furthermore, technical and economically feasibility studies for all levels of implementation (actions, projects, programs, policies), as well as a comprehensive analysis for policy implication would be required. It is also relevant to prepare a sectorial financing plan with specific funding sources and disbursement planning to implement the necessary policies and measures.\"</p><p>See INDC and Annex I for list of actions for means of achieving the target.</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "KOR": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"1. Planning Process for the 2030 mitigation target</p> <p>In preparation of its INDC, Korea established a dedicated task force comprising relevant ministries, including the Ministry of Environment (MOE) and the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy (MOTIE), chaired by the Prime Minister’s Office.</p> <p>A technical analysis for setting the 2030 mitigation target was conducted by a Joint Working Group of national research institutions, including the Greenhouse Gas Inventory & Research Center of Korea (GIR) and the Korea Energy Economics Institute (KEEI).</p> <p>The results of the technical analysis of the Joint Working Group were reviewed by a group of experts put forward by different stakeholder groups such as business and civil society. The Korean government also collected feedback from various stakeholders through public hearings and a forum hosted by the National Assembly.</p> <p>On that basis, the 2030 mitigation target was reviewed by the Committee on Green Growth, and finalized in accordance with national authorization procedures.</p> <p>2. Sectoral measures for mitigation</p> <p>Korea announced its voluntary mitigation target in 2009 to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 30% from the business-as-usual (BAU) level by 2020. The target was stipulated in the Framework Act on Low Carbon, Green Growth which came into effect in April 2010.</p> <p>Furthermore, Korea has continued its efforts to provide a legislative framework and national plans for addressing climate change. The Korean government finalized sectoral and annual targets in July 2011, and announced the National Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reduction Roadmap in January 2014 for sectoral action plans and their implementation.</p> <p>In 2012, Korea launched the GHG and Energy Target Management System (TMS) for the industrial sector. The reduction through the TMS exceeded its industrial sectoral target for mitigation. In promoting cost-effective measures for mitigation, Korea adopted the Act on the Allocation and Trading of Greenhouse Gas Emission Permits in 2012, and launched a nation-wide Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS) in 2015. The ETS covers 525 business entities which account for 67.7% of national greenhouse gas emissions.</p> <p>Korea obligated the power generators to supply a portion of electricity from renewable sources and is increasing the production of renewable energy in order to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuel. The Korean government also supports the installation of facilities for the generation of renewable energy.</p> <p>In the building sector, the Korean government is seeking to manage energy efficiency from the design stage to the operation stage by means such as establishing the Green Building Standards Code and a system for the Performance Evaluation of Eco-friendly Homes.</p> <p>In the transport sector, the Korean government is continuing to expand infrastructure for environmentfriendly public transportation, while introducing low-carbon standards for fuel efficiency and emissions produced from automobiles. The Korean government has decided to strengthen the average emission standard from 140g/km in 2015 to 97g/km in 2020. The Korean government provides various incentives, including tax reductions for electric and hybrid vehicles in order to promote low-carbon vehicles.</p> <p>While implementing sectoral measures for mitigation, Korea established a domestic measurement, reporting, and verification (MRV) system to monitor businesses with large amounts of greenhouse gas emissions in the industry, power generation, building and transport sectors.</p> <p>3. Follow-up for the implementation of the 2030 mitigation target</p> <p>The Korean government will develop a detailed plan to implement the mitigation target in consultation with relevant stakeholders, once the mitigation target is finalized at the international level.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "KWT": { | |
| "value": "<p>The ambition of the State of Kuwait is to transition into a low carbon economy and avoid increasing equivalent emissions similar to the Business as Usual model. Kuwait is working to achieve this goal on a voluntary basis through the implementation of some projects and through enacting legislation, subject to the availability of financial, technical and technological support. </p>" | |
| }, | |
| "LAO": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"This INDC has been prepared through an inclusive stakeholder consultation process including line ministries, research insitutions, civil organizations, provincial governments, private sector and international development partners. The main sources of information to prepare this document were the 7th and 8th five year National Socio-Economic Development Plan 2011-2015 and 2016-2020 , with a Vision to 2030 (2011 and 2015), National Climate Change Strategy (2010), Forestry Strategy to the Year 2020 of the Lao PDR (2005), Renewable Energy Development Strategy (2011), Sustainable Transport Development Strategy (2010), Climate Change Action Plan of Lao PDR for 2013-2020 (2013), National Adaptaion Programme of Action (2009) and the Second National Communication to the UNFCCC (2013) and Investment and Financial Flows to address climate change in Energy, Agriculture and Water Sector (2015).\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "LBN": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Lebanon’s INDC was developed based on extensive stakeholder involvement. Mitigation and adaptation actions considered in the development of the INDC targets were selected using a bottom-up approach, employing existing sectoral plans and strategies as a basis. This approach allowed the inclusion of the most appropriate mitigation and adaptation actions for each sector and ensures full support from sectoral stakeholders who see their own planning reflected in the targets set by the INDC.\"</p><p>\"The implementation of Lebanon’s INDC presumes the reinstatement, as soon as possible, of the prevailing national circumstances prior to the latest regional crisis, a matter considered as Lebanon’s legitimate right as well as the absence of the emergence of any new crisis which could adversely affect Lebanon’s national circumstances.</p> <p>Lebanon’s INDC requires a strong coordination role, which includes supporting the sectors with the planning and implementation of mitigation and adaptation actions, the assessment and communication of support needs (nationally and internationally) and the monitoring, reporting and verification (MRV) related to the INDC implementation. Tasks will also have to include further mainstreaming of mitigation and adaptation, promoting mitigation and adaptation actions, improving the cooperation among ministries as well as mobilizing support for mitigation and adaptation actions. While the institutional structures for the coordination remain to be agreed, Lebanon currently envisages a dedicated coordination unit located in the Ministry of Environment, aligned with the governance arrangements for the implementation of the National Sustainable Development Strategy currently under preparation. Line ministries would remain accountable for the implementation of sectoral strategies and action plans, both at the national and local levels. The measures described above require the support of the international community in order to successfully continue the efforts put in place.</p> <p>The MRV of the INDC implementation, which also requires support from the international community, will include planning and implementation of activities, assessment of impacts (GHG and non-GHG) as well as tracking of support (both national and international) needs and flows. Most of these activities are in some form already addressed by Lebanon’s response to UNFCCC reporting requirements for National Communications and Biennial Update Reports. Lebanon aims to integrate the necessary MRV activities into the existing processes and structures for the international reporting to ensure an efficient and consistent approach.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "LBR": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"In the preparation of Liberia’s INDC, several national laws, policies, programs, plans and strategies were given consideration, including National Energy Policy and the National Low- Carbon Economic Analysis paper. Most importantly, the planning process of Liberia’s INDC draws largely on Liberia’s Agenda for Transformation. Liberia has ensured that key relevant stakeholders (Government agencies and ministries, civil society, local leaders, private sector, women groups, youth and student representatives, non-government organization) were included and fully participated in its INDC preparation process.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "LCA": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Saint Lucia’s iNDC was prepared though a consultative process involving key sector stakeholders who were engaged initially under the TNC process, to provide inputs into the development of the Greenhouse Gas Inventory and Mitigation Assessment chapters and then through a validation exercise, to seek national support for the proposed measures and targets. The effort received considerable technical support and guidance from Stiebert Consulting, Enviro Economics, Climate Analytics and the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) of the USA.\"</p><p>Reviews<br />\"Implementation will be reviewed every 5 years\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "LKA": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Integrated planning is the key means of implementation. Sri Lanka has already taken initiatives of integrated planning through the NAP and Energy Planning processes which should be extended to other sectors vertically and horizontally.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "LSO": { | |
| "value": "</p>\"This report followed a series of intensive national consultations, on the nature of our development trajectory between 2020 and 2030 and the potential greenhouse gas emissions reductions.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "MAR": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Morocco’s Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC) has its institutional roots in the National Strategy for Sustainable Development (NSSD). Morocco has developed its INDC with the conviction that global ambition to counter the effects of climate change calls for a commitment from all parties with regard to mitigation, adaptation and implementation.\"</p> <p>\"In developing its INDC, Morocco undertook a broad stakeholder consultation process. This process allowed for the review of policies and programs that are being implemented by Morocco to combat global warming, and for the determination of the level of ambition to which the country wants to commit within its INDC.</p> <p>This process culminated in a national conference held on June 2, 2015 in Rabat, chaired by the head of government, to officially present the draft INDC to all stakeholders and to ensure their full support for the implementation of the commitments included in the present document.</p> <p>Even though Morocco is focusing its efforts in the energy sector, its greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction targets will be achieved through economy-wide actions based on strategies and sectoral action plans designed, amongst others, for the following areas of intervention: agriculture, water, waste, forests, energy, industry and housing.\"</p><p>\"In recent years, Morocco has thoroughly reformed its legal and institutional framework to enable the transition to a green economy. The implementation of Morocco’s INDC is based on several laws, strategies and national action plans that include clear and ambitious sectorial targets (Table 2).</p> <p>The conditional mitigation scenario is based on the implementation of 54 actions covering all sectors, leading to the estimated expected GHG reductions, as shown in Figure 2.\"</p> <p>[Please refer to the orignial submission for Figure 2. Distribution of the mitigation effort by sector between 2020 and 2030, to achieve the conditional target]</p><p>Table 2. Key sectorial strategies and targets for the implementation of Morocco’s INDC</p> <table style=\"width: 100%; height: 523px;\" border=\"1\" rules=\"all\"> <tbody> <tr> <td>Strategies and action plans</td> <td>Targets</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>National Energy Strategy</p> </td> <td> <p>• Provide 42 % of the installed electrical power from renewable sources, of which 14 % is from solar energy, 14 % is from wind energy and 14 % is from hydraulic energy by 2020.<br />• Achieve 12 % energy savings by 2020 and 15 % by 2030, compared to current trends.<br />• Reduce energy consumption in buildings, industry and transport by 12 % by 2020 and 15 % by 2030. The breakdown of expected savings per sector is 48 % for industry, 23 % for transport, 19 % for residential and 10 % for services.<br />• Install by 2030 an additional capacity of 3,900 MW of combined-­‐cycle technology running on imported natural gas.<br />• Supply major industries with imported and regasified natural gas by pipelines.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>National Waste Recovery Program</td> <td> <p>• Mainstream household waste management master plans and standardize them for all regions and provinces of the Kingdom.<br />• Improve the collection of household waste to achieve an urban collection rate of 90 % by 2020 and 100 % by 2030.<br />• Establish landfill and recycling centres for household waste for the benefit of all urban areas by 2020.<br />• Rehabilitate or close all illegal landfills by 2020.<br />• Make the management of the sector more professional.<br />• Develop chains of “sorting-­‐recycling-­‐recovering” with sorting pilot projects to achieve a 20 % recycling rate by 2020.<br />• Train and raise awareness of stakeholders on waste issues.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>National Liquid Sanitation and Wastewater Treatment Programme (NSP)</td> <td> <p>• Reach an overall urban sewerage connection rate of 75 % by 2016, 80 % by 2020 and 100 % by 2030.<br />• Reach a 50 % volume of treated wastewater by 2016, 60 % by 2020 and 100 % by 2030.<br />• Expand wastewater management to services and reuse 50 % of wastewater by 2020.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Morocco Green Plan</td> <td> <p>• Modernize the agricultural sector to make it more competitive and integrated in the global market to create wealth over the entire value chain.<br />• Take into account the agricultural sector in all its sociological and territorial components by incorporating human development objectives as a key requirement.<br />• Improve the promotion of natural resources and their sustainable management.<br />• Define the necessary policies to support sustainable growth.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Preservation and Sustainable Forest Management Strategy</td> <td> <p>• Develop forestry and surrounding areas.<br />• Finalize land demarcation and registry of forested areas. <br />• Complete the suckering, renewal or afforestation of approximately 50,000 hectares per year, with a primary focus on natural species and support for high quality forest research when rehabilitating territory.<br />• Protect water basins against erosion and siltation of dams.<br />• Rehabilitate ecosystems and protect and promote natural areas as well as endangered species as resources.</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table>" | |
| }, | |
| "MCO": { | |
| "value": "See INDC for list of actions for means of achieving the target." | |
| }, | |
| "MDA": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Relevant legislative acts for the INDC implementation are required and will be considered being approved on Parliamentary level. By mid-2016, a draft Low Emission Development Strategy (LEDS) of the Republic of Moldova for the period up to 2030 will be developed. After consultations at the national level, the Low Emission Development Strategy of the Republic of Moldova until 2030 will be subject to approval by the Government by end of 2016. The LEDS is expected to be fully in line with the provisions of the European Union and the Republic of Moldova Association Agreement signed on 27th of June 2014 and any other relevant national legislation.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "MDG": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"The INDC was developed using multiple stakeholders, iterative consultation process. This process has involved several bilateral meetings and a series of two national consultations. It was built and is highlighting synergies with existing national framework documents (Politique Générale de l’Etat; Plan National de Développement 2015-2019; Politique Nationale de Lutte contre le Changement Climatique). INDC concepts continue and/or support other related UNFCCC processes, including the Third National Communication (TNC), Biennal Update Reports, National Action Program of Adaptation to Climate Change (NAPA), National Appropriated Mitigation Actions (NAMA), and the National Technological Assessment (TNA). The INDC process was coordinated by the Bureau National de Coordination des Changements Climatiques (BNCCC).</p> <p>Overall implementation, as well as monitoring and evaluation of the INDC will be articulated around existing or future strategic documents (among which the National Adaptation Plan). They will particularly emphasise participatory and inclusive process of all stakeholders, with a strong leadership from the Ministry of Environment, Ecology, the Sea and Forests, which is lead coordinating entity of all actions to combat climate change. The integrated approach will be used to highlight the complementarities of actions and means, in order to achieve better results.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "MDV": { | |
| "value": "<p>Institutional Arrangement</p> <p>\"The Maldives’ Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDC) was developed through extensive consultations with representatives of the general public, government institutions, the private sector, non-governmental organizations and other relevant stakeholders.</p> <p>The Ministry of Environment and Energy is the main executing agency of the INDC process in close collaboration with other ministries and stakeholders.</p> <p>The executing agency will undertake monitoring, reporting and verification (MRV).</p> <p>Public awareness, capacity building, development of strategies, supportive mechanisms, and monitoring of financial flow for implementation will be undertaken by the executing agency.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "MEX": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Mexico supports its INDC in a robust national climate change policy that includes, inter alia, the following instruments:</p> <ul> <li>General Climate Change Law. 2012 </li> <li>National Strategy on Climate Change, 10-20-40 years. 2013 </li> <li>Carbon tax.2014 </li> <li>National Emissions and Emissions Reductions Registry. 2014 </li> <li>Energy reform (laws and regulations). 2014 </li> <li>Ongoing process for new set of standards and regulations </li> </ul> <p>The elaboration of this INDC includes a public participatory process through multiple sectorial meetings and a web based public survey.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "MHL": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"RMI’s INDC was developed through an all-inclusive process of engaging relevant stakeholders in and outside government, including the country’s first National Climate Change Dialogue and three rounds of stakeholder consultations. This process has produced genuine national ownership of the INDC and highlighted synergies with other UNFCCC-related processes, including National Communications, Biennial Update Reports, National Adaptation Planning, and Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs).\"</p><p>See INDC for list of actions for means of achieving the target.</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "MKD": { | |
| "value": "<p>Consultation process</p> <p><strong>Key stakeholders</strong></p> <p>\"The process for determining the Macedonian INDC was led by the Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning (MOEPP), as the national institution responsible for climate change policies and national contact point for UNFCCC. The National Climate Change Committee (NCCC) and the Technical Working Group at the National Sustainable Development Council were also part of this process, as well as other key stakeholders – the Ministry of Economy and the Ministry of Transport and Communication as institutions which are responsible for policies in the target sectors, representatives of the business community, civil society organizations and the academic community. Also, the international institutions and donors in the country had important role, primarily the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit GmbH (GIZ) which provided technical and financial support for this process. The analysis and the technical component of the process were carried out by an expert team which included the team of the Research Center for Energy and Sustainable Development of the Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, one national expert and one international expert.\"</p> <p><strong>Most recent strategic and planning documents in the target sectors</strong></p> <p>\"On a strategic level, through the key challenge of the National Sustainable Development Strategy titled “Climate Change and Clean Energy”, it is required to integrate climate change mitigation into the energy planning. Further on, in the Energy Strategy, in the chapter analyzing the energy sector in Macedonia in the light of sustainable development, the strong connection between energy sector and climate change has been recognized. Further coordination with the Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning, as the institution responsible for climate change, is required, as well as appropriate harmonization of the strategic and legislative solutions in the energy field with the strategic and legislative solutions for climate action. In order to identify specific mitigation policies and measures, the following documents have been taken into consideration:</p> <p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">- Energy Strategy<br />- Energy Efficiency Strategy<br />- Strategy on Renewable Energy Sources<br />- The Program for Implementation of the Energy Strategy<br />- Energy Efficiency Action Plan<br />- Action Plan on Renewable Energy Sources<br />- Transport Sector Strategy<br />- Pre-accession Economic Program<br />- Program of the Government of the Republic of Macedonia<br />- The Third National Communication on Climate Change<br />- First Biennial Update Report on Climate Change\"</p> <p><strong>Roles of the stakeholders</strong></p> <p>\"Consultations took place at technical meetings (with senior representatives of line ministriesand appointed contact persons) and at topical workshops with all stakeholders. Workshops were held on the following topics:</p> <p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">- Identification and validation of possible mitigation policies and measures in the target sectors in agreement with the sector policies and planning documents, as well as with the European Policy on Climate and Energy<br />- Discussion about and validation of the assumptions used for the modelling of the identified policies and measures in line with the sector policies and planning documents as well as with the European Policy on Climate and Energy<br />- Prioritization of identified measures and providing directions for development of mitigation scenarios with existing and with additional measures\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "MLI": { | |
| "value": "<p>“Au plan macro-économique le pays intègre les changements climatiques dans les processus de planification, notamment dans la mise en oeuvre du Cadre Stratégique pour la Croissance et la Réduction de la Pauvreté (CSCRP), dans la Politique Nationale de Protection de l’Environnement et, depuis 2011, dans la Politique Nationale sur les Changements Climatiques.”</p> <p>At the macroeconomic level, the country integrates climate change into its planning processes, including the implementation of the Strategic Framework for Growth and Poverty Reduction, the National Policy for Environmental Protection, and since 2011 the National Policy on Climate Change.</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "MMR": { | |
| "value": "<p><strong>Planning Process for Producing the INDC</strong></p> <p>\"The development of the INDC is a nationally led process. Political guidance has been sought from the highest institutional level within the Government of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar. MOECAF has acted as INDC focal point, facilitating the inputs from other line ministries. The INDC has been prepared through the review of key documents and a government drafting and validation process with all line ministries, which included: one kick-off meeting in March-April 2015, which highlighted priority areas; three interministerial consultations between April and July 2015 (which refined possible options), and a final validation workshop in August 2015. In addition, specific advanced technical meetings were conducted in priority sectors such as the Ministries of Environmental Conservation and Forestry; Energy, Electric Power, Rail Transportation, Transport, Agriculture and Irrigation, Science and Technology, Social Welfare, Relief and Resettlement and Industry. Following the consultation process a final round of ministerial consultations was carried out by MOECAF before the INDC was submitted to the Union Government’ cabinet for approval before submission to the UNFCCC. MOECAF also worked with the MCCA for technical facilitation of the process.</p> <p>Technical assistance for the development of the INDC has been received from the UK Foreign and Commonwealth Office and delivered by Ricardo-AEA Ltd of the UK, and MCCA. Financial support by the Global Environment Facility via the UNEP and technical advice provided by UNEP-DTU partnership was also received to facilitate the preparation of the INDC.\"</p> <p><strong>Implementation Plan </strong></p> <p>\"Five main aspects are crucial for successful implementation of the INDC, and international support is required for each aspect. The first is the development of a clear strategy and co-ordination plan which assigns responsibilities and sets deadlines for activities. The second and third, are separate needs assessments for mitigation and adaptation activities respectively which have to be carried out to identify specific requirements and gaps in technology, finance and to identify capacity building requirements in both areas. This has been detailed out in section 5 - Means of implementation. Fourth, mobilising resources for policy development, identification and purchase of suitable technologies for planned actions will be required. Implementation of projects can then begin and finally the fifth aspect of the plan will need to be implemented; a monitoring system will assist with the implementation of the plan at many stages, as outlined below.</p> <p>A costing exercise including considering short, medium and long term priorities will be conducted to ensure the implementation plan has the necessary resources to deliver on intended contributions, intended actions and future policy development. The coordination of different ministries and stakeholders will be needed at all stages to successfully implement the plan.</p> <p>Therefore, for implementation, the following activities will be necessary:</p> <ul> <li>The Union Government’s cabinet will identify and mandate one of the existing national interministerial committees to supervise and foster the implementation of the INDC. This may be the National Environmental Conservation Committee or National Energy Management Committee for example.</li> <li>Under this arrangement, MOECAF should serve as focal-point for coordination with the guidance of the selected national committee. MOECAF will assist relevant ministries to identify what is needed to implement identified mitigation and adaptation actions, as well as to develop Myanmar’s ability to attract climate finance. MOECAF’s role will also be to assist with the monitoring of the progress achieved by the line ministries in charge of the respective proposed actions and sectoral strategies outlined in the INDC.</li> <li>Myanmar would like to put in place a monitoring framework so that the selected national committee, through its ministry focal-point, will be able to further define financial and technical means of implementation most accurately, to measure progress on a regular basis and to issue policy guidance to the respective line ministries as needed. Myanmar recognises that high quality Measurement, Reporting and Verification-MRV system is the cornerstone of project management as it demonstrates progress against plans, allows responsible entities to steer activities to achieve set policy goals and provides valuable lessons for improving future design and implementation of activities. The set-up of an MRV system for Myanmar’s INDC implementation will require the clear allocation of responsibilities, e.g.to the implementing agency concerned, the building of capacities within the relevant agency and relevant stakeholders providing data or performing other MRV activities is also necessary. The set-up of clear processes for data collection, evaluation, quality assurance and quality control, reporting and documentation/ archiving. These activities will require international support in the form of capacity building and financing. Where possible, Myanmar will use existing institutional structures, capacities and processes as a basis for this MRV system.</li> <li>The MRV system will have to include a component on costs and financial analysis. For this to be developed, Myanmar requires financial and technical assistance in order that the MRV system can efficiently, effectively and economically: <ul> <li>Update and provide financial data to support of the Ministry of Finance and the relevant line-ministries responsible for implementing identified actions</li> <li>Collect information to provide updates on project progress on a regular basis, by establishing clear and straightforward reporting procedures for the line ministries in charge of the policies and actions which fall within their mandate to develop</li> <li>Make the process of completing UNFCCC National Communications and other data requests with respect to emissions data a more efficient and accurate process</li> <li>Provide analysis of observed changes in climate, as well as providing data for the update of models and projections for projects implemented with domestic resources and / or international partnerships o Can continue to improve collection of sectoral data and other key information.</li> <li>In addition, the development of the National Climate Change Strategy and its associated action plans will provide a platform for the coordination of stakeholders involved in the implementation of the INDC.</li> <li>Concerning adaptation, a National Adaptation Plan (NAP) will be developed to plan, cost, and guide actions to meet adaptation objectives and priorities. The NAPA implementation will be continued as planned in the document submitted to the INDC.\"</li> </ul> </li> </ul>" | |
| }, | |
| "MNE": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Planning process of the INDC included the review of available data and modelling work applicable to greenhouse gas reduction pathway as well as consultations with government stakeholders, operators of key installations as well as with the public. The scenarios for the INDC were developed in consultation with the authors of the National Climate Change Strategy of Montenegro. Within the preparation process of the INDC it became clear that significant data uncertainty exist regarding the emissions and removal in the land use, land use change and forestry sectors.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "MNG": { | |
| "value": "<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Development of Mongolia’s INDC</span></p><p>\"Mongolia’s INDC has its conceptual roots in the Green Development Policy of Mongolia, approved by the Parliament in 2014, to which key sectorial action plans at the national level, including energy sector, are being adjusted. Key indicators for measuring progress in the implementation of the Green Development Policy include, among others, efficient use of energy, GHG emissions and ecological footprint per unit of GDP. The National Action Programme on Climate Change (NAPCC) endorsed by the Parliament 2011 includes concrete measures in response to climate change covering all principal sectors of economy. These and other relevant national level policy documents served as a basis for the development of Mongolia’s INDC, which was shaped and finalized through comprehensive consultation exercises with a broad range of stakeholders.\"</p><p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Planning Processes</span></p> <p>The Ministry of Environment, Green Development and Tourism is the key ministry to develop, update and implement climate related policies. In addition, other line ministries including the Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Energy, Ministry of Industry, Ministry of Building and Urban Development, Ministry of Road and Transport and Ministry of Agriculture will be involved.</p> <p>The elaboration of this INDC involved a multi-stakeholder process and consultations with key public bodies. It is largely based on existing legal frameworks and adopted policies of the Mongolian government, approved by the Parliament. Domestic legally-binding legislation already in place includes:</p> <ul> <li>Green development policy, 2014 (2014-2030)</li> <li>National Action Programme on Climate Change (NAPCC), 2011 (2011-2021)</li> <li>State policy on energy, 2015 (2015-2030)</li> <li>National agriculture development policy, 2010 (2010-2021)</li> <li>State policy on forest, 2015 (2016-2030)</li> <li>MDGs based comprehensive national development programme, 2008 (2008-2021)</li> <li>Law on renewable energy, 2015</li> <li>Law on energy, 2015</li> <li>State policy on Industry, 2015 (2015-2030)</li> </ul> <p>Majority of the development and climate policies and programmes cover periods up to 2016 and 2020. Thus, during the period of 2016-2020, Mongolia will elaborate relevant policy documents for consultation at the national level for its development and national climate policies for the period 2021-2030. Progress towards the fulfilment of the contribution will be assessed through an annual review of the implementation progress of the proposed policies and measures.</p> <p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Means of implementation</span></p> <p>The measures outlined in this INDC have been presented as legislation and/or proposed in national development strategies and plans. As such, responsibility for implementation will follow existing institutional arrangements that define roles and responsibilities for the relevant sectors. In order to successfully implement the policies and measures as part of this contribution (Table 1), as well as the proposed additional measures (described in section 3b), Mongolia will seek international funding, capacity building and technology supports to complement its domestic resource allocations and efforts. Mongolia will articulate its specific needs, and communicate the potential supporting role of the international community. As a preliminary indication, some specific measures that will be important to reach the proposed targets are described in Table 2, with estimated investment needs of 3.5 billion USD. The anticipated financing modalities will be described at a later date, but a substantial private sector share is expected (leveraged by public funds) to be a part of the funding. Mongolia is interested in opportunities to access international climate funds namely the Green Climate Fund and in participation with crediting mechanisms to implement these measures.</p> <p><em>Table 2. Policies and measures for implementation up to 2030</em></p> <table border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\"> <tbody> <tr> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"155\"> <p>Stated contribution</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"155\"> <p>Specific measures</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"155\"> <p>Investment needs</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"155\"> <p>Source</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" width=\"155\"> <p>Increase the share of renewable electricity capacity to 30% of total electricity generation capacity by 2030, from 7.62% in 2014.</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"155\"> <p>Installation of 675 MW capacity large hydro power facilities.</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"155\"> <p>1,350 million USD</p> </td> <td rowspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" width=\"155\"> <p>LEAP analysis with costs based on average of IPCC data<a title=\"\" href=\"#_ftn1\">[1]</a></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"155\"> <p>Installation of 354 MW wind power facilities.</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"155\"> <p>584 million USD</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"155\"> <p>Installation of 145 MW solar PV power facilities.</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"155\"> <p>573 million USD</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"155\"> <p>Reduce building heat loss by 40% by 2030, compared to 2010 levels.</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"155\"> <p>Improved insulation for existing panel apartment buildings of 18,184 households in Ulaanbaatar.</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"155\"> <p>90 million USD</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"155\"> <p>Technology Needs Assessment (TNA), 2013</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"155\"> <p>Improved efficiency of coal fired heating plants and thermal power plants.</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"155\"> <p>Improved efficiency of coal fired plants.</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"155\"> <p>900 million USD</p> </td> <td valign=\"top\" width=\"155\"> <p>TNA, 2013</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <div> <div> <p><a title=\"\" href=\"#_ftnref1\">[1]</a>https://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/special-reports/srren/SRREN_FD_SPM_final.pdf</p> </div> </div>" | |
| }, | |
| "MOZ": { | |
| "value": "<p>Means of Implementation</p> <p>\"Mozambique is participating in the Second Phase of the Technology Needs Assessment Project (TNA), covering the following sectors: (i) energy and waste, (ii) agriculture and (iii) coastal zones, including infrastructures. This process will result in a Technological Action Plan identifying the needs, including the financial and capacity building needs in those sectors. This information is relevant to identify the necessary means to implement the proposed actions. This exercise will be concluded by the end of 2017.</p> <p>Another relevant source of information is the is the ongoing process for making the National Climate Change Network operational which includes the assessment of the existing institutional and technical capacities and their needs for the implementation of the NCCAMS to formulate and implement the Capacity Building Plan, as included in the NCCAMS.\"</p><p>Institutional arrangements</p> <p>\"The Institutional Arrangements established to implement and MRV the Mitigation component of the INDC are those established by the NCCAMS and operationalized by the National System to Monitor and Evaluate Climate Change. The relevant entities are the Climate Change Unit, the Knowledge Management Centre, hosted in the Science Academy of Mozambique, the National Climate Change Network, the GIIMC and the National Greenhouse Gases Inventory System (SNIGEE), already included in the National System to Monitor and Evaluate Climate Change.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "MRT": { | |
| "value": "<p>“Dans le cadre de la préparation de la CPDN, le Ministère de l’Environnement et du Développement Durable (MEDD) a procédé en trois étapes : une première étape de sensibilisation/ information, une deuxième d’élaboration de la Contribution et enfin une troisième étape de validation. Dans ce processus, deux volets ont été considérés, le volet politique et le volet technique:</p> <ul> <li>Pour le volet politique, le message sur les enjeux et les défis de la COP21 et la Contribution Nationale a été relayé à l’ensemble des secteurs clés par le Ministère de l’Environnement et du Développement Durable. Cette action a permis de définir les modalités pratiques de la préparation des Contributions sectorielles par des équipes, coordonnées chacune, par un point focal sectoriel. Le processus d’élaboration de la CPDN devait aussi s’achever par une validation politique marquée par l’approbation du Gouvernement.</li> <li>Pour le volet technique, le personnel technique de chacun des secteurs a procédé à la préparation de la contribution sectorielle correspondante, après échange et coordination avec l’équipe d’experts engagée par le MEDD à cet effet.”</li> </ul> <p>“A la demande du Ministère de l’Environnement et du Développement Durable (MEDD), chaque Ministère a désigné un ‘’Point Focal Sectoriel’’ (PFS) chargé de la thématique du changement climatique pour son secteur. La Mauritanie a ainsi développé un réseau de Points Focaux Sectoriels de changement climatique au sein des départements ministériels pour améliorer la mise en oeuvre des objectifs de la Convention et introduire systématiquement la preoccupation changement climatique dans toutes les activités sectorielles. De même, la Mauritanie a mis en place un système de suivi-évaluation du ‘’plan d’action national de l’environnement’’ (SEPANE), qui sera élargi à cette ’’Contribution’’ de la Mauritanie, à travers un renforcement des capacités des structures de suivi-évaluation de tous les Départements concernés.”</p> <p> </p> <p>For the preparation of the INDC, the Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Development (MEDD) proceeded in three stages: awareness and information campaigns first, the development of the Contribution second and its validation third. In this process, two components were considered, the political and the technical components:</p> <ul> <li>In the political aspect, the message about the issues and the challenges of COP21 and the national contribution was communicated to all key sectors by the Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Development. This helped to define the practical arrangements for the preparation of sectoral contributions by the teams, each led by a sectoral focal point. The development process of the INDC had to also be validated and approved by the Government.</li> <li>For the technical aspects, technical staff from each sector supported the preparation of their sectoral contributions after exchanges and coordination with the team of experts engaged by the MEDD.</li> </ul> <p>At the request of the Ministry of the Environment and Sustainable Development (MEDD), each Ministry has chosen a ''Sector Focal Point” (PFS) under the theme of change climate for their industry. Mauritania has developed a network of Sectoral Focal Points for Climate Change within departments to improve the implementation of the objectives of the Convention and systematically introduce the concern of climate change into all sectoral activities. Similarly, Mauritania has establish a monitoring and evaluation system, the ''National Environmental Action Plan” (SEPANE), which will apply to Mauritania’s contribution as well, through the strengthening of the monitoring capacity and evaluation structures of all departments concerned.</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "MUS": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"The planning process for climate change will be reinforced with the proposed introduction of a Climate Change Bill. Coordination of the INDC plans, programmes and projects for both adaptation and mitigation actions will be under the responsibility of [the Ministry of Environment, Sustainable Development, and Disaster and Beach Management] MOESDDBM and will involve the participation of all stakeholders (Sectoral Ministries, Private Sector, CBOs/NGOs, Women’s Organisations, etc.). With a view to optimising resources and capitalising on collaboration/ information-sharing, MOESDDBM will coordinate implementation of its INDC with those of other IOC countries.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "MWI": { | |
| "value": "<p>The INDC Development Process</p> <p>\"The preparation of Malawi’s INDC was conducted with government’s full commitment and all inclusive process: It passed through the establishment of national INDC taskforce and the launching of the process at national level. The draft was prepared by the national taskforce assisted by national and international experts. The review of national policies and strategy documents as well as a series of consultations of key stakeholders, including a national workshop for the final validation of the INDC were conducted. Finally the document was approved by government.\"</p> <p>Policy framework to support implementation</p> <p>\"Malawi launched its Vision 2020 in the year 2000 to provide a roadmap for sustainable development in the country. This provided the basis for developing medium term developmental plans such as the Malawi Poverty Reduction Strategy Programme (MPRSP), Malawi Economic Growth Strategy (MEGS) and Malawi Growth and Development Strategy I & II (MGDS I & II). MGDS II spans over the period 2011 to 2016. At the sectoral level, the National Environmental Action Plan (NEAP) (1994) and National Environmental Policy (NEP) (revised 2004) provided policy guidance and direction to manage the environment, natural resources and climate change. There have been other strategic documents that have provided policy direction such as the National Communications of 2002 and 2011 submitted to COP, NAPA (2006), National Environment and Climate Change Communication Strategy (2012), Malawi's Climate Change Learning Strategy (2012) and National Climate Change Investment Plan (2014). MGDSII recognises climate change as a key priority area.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "MYS": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"The INDC was developed through participatory process through an inter-ministerial/agencies working group. Stakeholder consultations were conducted to obtain inputs on possible measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The projected outcomes from the 11th Malaysian Development Plan and the following policies and plans form the basis for the development of this INDC:</p> <p>a. National Petroleum Policy (1975)<br />b. National Energy Policy (1979)<br />c. National Depletion Policy (1980)<br />d. Four-Fuel Diversification Policy (1981)<br />e. National Forestry Policy (1978, Revised 1992)<br />f. National Policy on Biological Diversity (1998)<br />g. Five-Fuel Policy (2001)<br />h. National Policy on the Environment (2002)<br />i. National Strategic Plan for Solid Waste Management (2005)<br />j. National Biofuel Policy (2006)<br />k. National Energy Policy (2008)<br />l. National Green Technology Policy (2009)<br />m. National Policy on Climate Change (2009)<br />n. New Economic Model, Government Transformation Programme and Economic Transformation Programme (2010)<br />o. Renewable Energy Policy and Action Plan (2010)<br />p. Second National Physical Plan (2010)<br />q. Low Carbon Cities Framework (2011)<br />r. National Agro-food Policy (2011)<br />s. National Water Resources Policy (2012)<br />t. National Automotive Policy (2014)\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "NAM": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"The reference document for identifying mitigation opportunities was the GHG inventory that provided the necessary information on activities responsible for emissions and removals and the level of these at national level. Those activities contributing most to GHG emissions (IPCC key categories) were prioritised and targeted for action as well as areas such as waste management that has a direct bearing on the quality of the environment and can provide multiple side benefits. Namibia’s policy is to practice an open transparent economic development with a wide range of partners. So, wide stakeholder consultation is current practice in the country when it concerns national issues such as mitigation of GHGs which is the cause for global warming and the resulting climate change. Stakeholders included the parliamentarians, ministries, government departments, city councils, the private sector, NGOs, CSOs, the academia and the communities. There has been one on one consultations and group meetings as the situation dictates to end up with national workshops for developing the INDC, validating it and buy in the participation of all in its implementation.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "NER": { | |
| "value": "<p>“Le processus de mise en oeuvre de la CPDN est une opportunité pour renforcer les capacités institutionnelles et techniques, favoriser l’intégration politique et promouvoir un développement inclusif. Les institutions nationales nécessaires à la mise en place des programmes issus de la CPDN existent : il s’agit du MESUDD, actuellement structure porteuse de l’élaboration de la CPDN, en collaboration avec le Secrétariat exécutif du CNEDD, point focal de la Convention.</p> <p>Cependant, des alternatives peuvent être envisagées : ancrage institutionnel de la CPDN au MESUDD, avec des points focaux au niveau des institutions concernées ; mise en place d’une agence d’exécution nationale avec autonomie de gestion ; haute Autorité à la CPDN... Une analyse institutionnelle devra être envisagée pour évaluer ces options.”</p> <p>“Le montage institutionnel de mise en oeuvre de la CPDN comporte les aspects suivants: un système de «suivi-évaluation Pays» prenant en compte le genre, les procédures MNV et un registre des projets de la CPDN.</p> <p>Le dispositif de suivi-évaluation et de capitalisation de la CPDN sera mis en place, reposera sur: le suivi-évaluation du processus portant sur les modalités de mise en oeuvre et qui examinera les aspects de coordination intersectorielle, de processus décisionnel etc. le suivi-évaluation des effets et impacts de la CPDN basé sur des critères et indicateurs pertinents et la définition de mesures correctives de sauvegarde climatique, environnementale, économique et sociale ; le suivi des risques et de l’évolution de la vulnérabilité aux changements climatiques au niveau national ; et la capitalisation des expériences et leçons.”<br /><br /></p> <p>The implementation process of the INDC is an opportunity to build institutional and technical capacity, and to promote political integration and inclusive development. National institutions for the implementation of programs from the INDC already exist: it is the MESUDD, which is currently supporting the development of the INDC, in collaboration with the Executive Secretariat of NCA, the focal point for the Convention.<br /> However, alternatives may be considered: the institutional anchoring of the INDC in the MESUDD, with focal points in relevant institutions; the establishment of a national implementation agency with management autonomy; High Authority to the INDC... An institutional analysis should be considered to evaluate these options.</p> <p>The institutional implementation of INDC includes the following: a system of \"monitoring and evaluation\" taking into account gender, MRV and procedures to register INDC projects.</p> <p>The monitoring and evaluation system will be set up for the INDC, based on: the monitoring and evaluation process concerning the implementation modalities and which will examine aspects of intersectoral coordination; decision-making processes etc.; monitoring and evaluating the effects and impacts of the INDC based on relevant criteria and indicators; the definition of corrective action for climate, environmental, economic and social protection; risk monitoring and evolution of vulnerability to climate change at the national level; and the capitalization of experiences and lessons.</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "NGA": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"In order to reflect the increasing importance of climate change issues in Nigeria, the Federal Executive Council adopted in 2012 the Nigeria Climate Change Policy Response and Strategy. To ensure an effective national response to the significant and multi-facetted impacts of climate change, Nigeria has adopted a comprehensive strategy, as well as a number of specific policies. The strategic goal of the Nigeria Climate Change Policy Response and Strategy is to foster low-carbon, high growth economic development and build a climate resilient society through the attainment of the following objectives:</p> <ul> <li>Implement mitigation measures that will promote low carbon as well as sustainable and high economic growth;</li> <li>Enhance national capacity to adapt to climate change;</li> <li>Raise climate change related science, technology and R&D to a new level that will enable the country to better participate in international scientific and technological cooperation on climate change;</li> <li>Significantly increase public awareness and involve private sector participation in addressing the challenges of climate change;</li> <li>Strengthen national institutions and mechanisms (policy, legislative and economic) to establish a suitable and functional framework for climate change governance.\"</li> </ul>" | |
| }, | |
| "NIU": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"This INDC was prepared primarily using pre-existing national policy documents, and sector policies and plans to ensure accurate reflection of national development priorities, with pre-existing stakeholder support. The INDC was reviewed by key ministry representatives and formally approved by Cabinet.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "NOR": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"The government presented a White Paper to the Parliament in February, with the proposed emission reduction target and implementation through collective delivery with the EU. Final decisions in the Norwegian parliament were made on 24 March 2015.</p> <p>Norway will enter into a dialogue with the EU to develop the terms for a collective delivery of the commitment of at least 40% emission reduction by 2030 compared to 1990. The intention is to provide more information on this solution before the UN Climate Conference in Paris.</p> <p>According to the broad political agreement in 2012 on climate change, the aim is that Norway will be carbon-neutral in 2050. As part of an ambitious global climate agreement where other developed nations also undertake ambitious commitments, Norway will adopt a binding goal of carbon neutrality no later than in 2030. This means that Norway will commit to achieving emission reductions abroad equivalent to Norwegian emissions in 2030.</p> <p>Norway’s long term goal is to become a low emission society by 2050. Towards 2030, Norwegian domestic emissions will be reduced as part of the effort to meet our 2030 commitment.</p> <p>Norway’s emissions profile, emissions development and current policies and measures are described in our sixth National Communication, submitted in 2014. Norway will continue to implement ambitious national climate policies. These policies will be under continuous development. With reference to the White Paper, the priority areas for enhanced national climate policy efforts are:</p> <ul> <li>Reduced emissions in the transport sector</li> <li>Low emissions technology in industry</li> <li>CO<sub>2</sub> capture and storage</li> <li>Renewable energy</li> <li>Environmentally friendly shipping\"</li> </ul>" | |
| }, | |
| "NPL": { | |
| "value": "<p>Institutional Strengthening</p> <p>\"The Government of Nepal is strengthening its institutions to ensure implementation of climate change and REDD plus programmes. The Climate Change Management Division in the Ministry of Population and Environment, and REDD Implementation Centre under the Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation are dedicated to developing necessary prerequisites for the effective implementation of the UNFCCC provisions. The National Planning Commission and relevant ministries have also made necessary arrangements to integrate climate change concerns into their policies and programmes. Nepal has also established the Recovery and Reconstruction Authority to rebuild infrastructures and settlements devastated by the earthquake of April 2015 and make Nepal greener and more resilient to natural hazards. Several non-governmental and community-based organizations are also engaged in strengthening national and local entities to provide services to the climate vulnerable communities.\"</p> <p>Coordination Mechanism</p> <p>\"Nepal has established coordination mechanisms at highest political level for necessary policy guidance and coordination and at local level for implementation on the ground. Establishment of Climate Change Council, Climate Change Coordination Committee and REDD Coordination and Monitoring Committee at the political levels and Multi-stakeholder Climate Change Initiatives Coordination Committee and REDD Working Group chaired by Secretaries of the concerned ministries provide guidance, ensure coordination and function to align climate change with development activities. The REDD Multi-Stakeholder Forum acts as an outreach and communication platform. The climate change networks managed by civil society organizations also contribute to generating and sharing knowledge on climate change and its impacts.\"</p> <p>See Nepal's full INDC for additional information on \"Policies, Strategies and Frameworks\" including \"Climate Change Policy\", \"Forestry Sector Policies and Strategies\", \"Energy Policy\", \"Environment-Friendly Vehicle and Transport Policy\", \"National REDD Strategy\", \"Low Carbon Economic Development Strategy\", \"National Adaptation Programme of Action\", \"National Framework on Local Adaptation Plans for Action\", \"National Adaptation Plans\", \"Environmentally Friendly Local Governance Framework\", \"Channelling Funding for Climate Change Activities\", etc.</p></p>See INDC for list of actions for means of achieving the target.</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "NRU": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Nauru’s Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC) hinges on its National Sustainable Development Strategy (NSDS) 2005 – 2025 (revised in 2009), The Nauru Energy Road Map 2014-2020, The Second National Communication (SNC) to the UNFCCC (submitted in 2015), and The Republic of Nauru Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk Management Framework (RONAdapt). In addition, relevant data and information have been used from the Nauru Bureau of Statistics and other,various government departments, private and civil society organizations. Extensive consultations with all relevant stakeholders were held during the preparation of Nauru’s INDC.\"</p><p>\"Nauru’s iNDC originates from a series of strategies, policies and assessments concerned with sustainability, environmental protection and energy supply developed or commissioned by the Government over the past decade. These include: National Sustainable Development Strategy (NSDS) 2005 – 2025 (revised in 2009), The Nauru Energy Road Map 2014-2020 and The Second National Communication (SNC) to the UNFCCC (submitted in 2015). Further, Extensive consultations with all relevant stakeholders were held during the preparation of Nauru’s iNDC.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "NZL": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"The Climate Change Response Act 2002 (the Act) contains the legal framework which enables New Zealand to meet its international climate change obligations. The Act was amended in 2008 to encompass the New Zealand Emissions Trading Scheme (NZ ETS) which is New Zealand’s principal policy response for reducing domestic emissions and its primary mechanism to meet international emissions reduction commitments.\"</p><p><strong>Consultation on the INDC</strong></p> <p>\"Prior to taking decisions on its INDC, the New Zealand Government undertook a public consultation process including publication of a discussion document, public meetings, hui and an invitation to make submissions. Over 17,000 written submissions were received from more than 15,600 submitters. The consultation document (<em>New Zealand’s climate change target</em>) and related publications (<em>A general equilibrium analysis of options for New Zealand's post-2020 climate change contribution</em>, and <em>Modelling the economic impact of New Zealand’s post-2020 climate change contribution</em>) are available on the Ministry for the Environment’s <a href=\"http://www.mfe.govt.nz/publications/climate-change/new-zealands-climate-change-target-our-contribution-new-international\" target=\"_blank\">website</a>.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "OMN": { | |
| "value": "<p>Type of mitigation contributions</p> <ul> <li>\"Reduction in Gas flaring from oil industries;</li> <li>lncrease the share of renewable energy;</li> <li>lncrease the energy efficiency projects among industries;</li> <li>Develop new legislation on climate change which will support the adoption of low carbon and energy efficiency technologies.</li> <li>Reduction of HCFC use in foam and refrigeration sector.\"</li> </ul>" | |
| }, | |
| "PAK": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Pak-INDC is rooted in Vision 2025 of Pakistan – a roadmap of economic growth, social inclusion and sustainable development. It is also aligned with the country’s continued commitment to the issue of climate change as reflected in the National Climate Change Policy as well as national policies on agriculture, power, energy, energy efficiency, water and other sectors.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "PAN": { | |
| "value": "Analysis in progress" | |
| }, | |
| "PER": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"The Ministry of Environment (MINAM), as the national focal point for the UNFCCC, designed a process since 2014in which three levels of dialogue were included:</p> <p>a) \"Technical and scientific\" with experts for the calculation of emissions, based on technical parameters and the estimation of the costs of mitigation options;</p> <p>b) \"Technical and political\" with representatives of the Ministries linked to the emission sources and mitigation options in order to gather technical opinions in the framework of political and sectoral plans; and,</p> <p>c) \"High political level\", for which a Multisectoral Commission (MC) was established at the level of Ministers or Deputy Ministers, responsible to develop the technical report containing the proposed Peruvian iNDC (Supreme Resolution No 129-2015-PCM).</p> <p>The MC incorporated the representation of the Presidency of the Ministers Council and the following Ministries: Economy and Finance; Energy and Mines; Agriculture and Irrigation; Transport and Communications; Production; Construction, Housing and Sanitation; Foreign Affairs; Education; Justice and Human Rights; Health; Culture; Development and Social Inclusion; and Environment. The last one held the Presidency of the MC, and assumed the role of Technical Secretariat.</p> <p>As an input for the formulation and review of the progress and the preliminary results of the iNDC, a decentralized public consultation process was held. National and subnational governmental entities, and representatives of civil society, including indigenous organizations, participated to ensure that the iNDC was constructed with transparent and participatory criteria.</p> <p>For the implementation process, channels and coordination mechanisms with relevant institutions and actors will be maintained, taking into account the results of the international agreements and consolidating the progress and commitments obtained.</p> <p>In addition to governmental efforts, the participation of the national and international private sector, as well as the access to new financing sources and to international support, will enable that the level of expected emissions reduction, as well as the socioeconomic and environmental co-benefits related to the mitigation efforts, are fulfilled.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "PHL": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"The Planning for the Philippine INDC is consistent with the Philippine Development Plan, the National Framework Strategy on Climate Change, the National Climate Change Action Plan and the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan. These plans and the INDC were developed through exhaustive, inclusive and participatory processes.</p> <ul> <li>Consultations on the preparation of the INDCs were organized and conducted with relevant government agencies including the Office of the President, the Senate and House of Representatives.</li> <li>Internationally accepted tools and methodologies were used by government agencies to identify possible mitigation options as input to the INDC.</li> <li>Consultations were also conducted with the civil society and the relevant business sectors.\"</li> </ul>" | |
| }, | |
| "PLW": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Palau’s INDC is grounded in the <em>Palau Climate Change Policy</em>, which was informed by input from communities, civil society and other stakeholders, as well as on the preparatory work for Palau’s second National Communication which was also widely consulted.</p> <p>The <em>Policy</em> establishes Palau’s National Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMA) and National Adaptation Plan (NAP) as well as the institutional and policy frameworks for: (a) climate change mitigation via management of greenhouse gas emissions including carbon sinks; and (b) climate change adaptation and risk reduction and management. It establishes the policy framework that will guide and inform action in accordance with Palau’s <em>National Master Development Plan – Palau 2020</em>.\"</p><p>See Palau's full INDC submission for \"current and future policies and measures to achieve INDC targets.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "PNG": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "PRK": { | |
| "value": "Analysis in progress" | |
| }, | |
| "PRY": { | |
| "value": "<p class=\"Default\">“Este documento fue preparado, elaborado y socializado por la Secretaria del Ambiente como autoridad de aplicación de la Ley 251/93 “Que aprueba el Convenio Marco de las Naciones Unidas sobre el Cambio Climático”, y se encuentra sujeto a la aprobación del Poder Ejecutivo.”</p> <p class=\"Default\">“Las INDC de Paraguay incluyen una contribución unilateral y otra condicionada.</p> <ul> <li>La contribución incondicional asume acciones unilaterales.</li> <li>La contribución condicional asume actividades nacionales a ser implementadas que requerirán de cooperación internacional en cuanto a financiamiento, transferencia de tecnología, creación de capacidades.” </li> </ul> <p class=\"Default\">This document was prepared, developed and finalized by the Ministry of Environment as the enforcing authority of the 251/93 law, \"Approving the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change\", and is subject to the approval of the Executive Branch.</p> <p class=\"Default\">The Paraguay’s INDC includes a unilateral and a conditional contribution.</p> <ul> <li>The unconditional contribution assumes unilateral action.</li> <li>Conditional national contribution assumes the implementation of activities which will require international cooperation on financing, technology transfer, and capacity building.</li> </ul>" | |
| }, | |
| "QAT": { | |
| "value": "<p>Monitoring and reporting progress</p> <p>\"A dedicated department for climate change within the Ministry of Environment has been established to strengthen the governance of climate change on national level and to implement standardized data collection and reporting. This national Monitoring, Reporting and Verification system could be used to track the progress of the actions and projects that may push towards achieving the aim of this INDCs.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "RUS": { | |
| "value": "The Russian Federation currently has in force legally-binding instruments aimed at providing for limitation of the GHG emissions to at most 75% of 1990 levels by the year 2020 (Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of 30 September 2013 and Act of the Government of the Russian Federation of 2 April 2014 No. 504-p). These acts provide, inter alia, for organization of GHG emissions forecasting at the economy-wide scale and for each individual sector. The Russian Federation will further elaborate and adopt legislative and regulatory acts providing for achievement of the stated INDC target by 2030 based on the provisions of the Climate Doctrine and the Energy Strategy of the Russian Federation." | |
| }, | |
| "RWA": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Rwanda's INDC has been developed taking into consideration various national guiding documents, including Green Growth and Climate Resilience Strategy (2011), Vision 2020, Economic Development and Poverty Reduction Strategy 2 (2013 - 2018), Sustainable Energy for All (2015 - 2030), and others.</p> <p>The development of this INDC was achieved through a participatory and transparent process through stakeholder consultations and workshops.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "SAU": { | |
| "value": "<p>Monitoring and reporting progress on INDC implementation at the national level</p> <p>\"The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia acknowledges that a monitoring, reporting and verification (MRV) system forms an essential part of its national arrangements for ensuring the successful delivery of its economic diversification and adaptation measures with mitigation co-benefits. The Kingdom’s MRV system for INDC will be an integral part of the existing and future monitoring and reporting structures under the oversight of its Designated National Authority. The MRV system will be deployed to track progress towards achieving INDC actions and projects and any modifications thereof.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "SDN": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Mitigation and adaptation actions are implemented across the various sectors at both the national and states administrative levels. The Framework of National Appropriate Mitigation Actions and the National Adaptation Planning process being undertaken by Government provides a good basis for long- term adaptation and mitigation programming and mainstreaming of climate change adaptation/mitigation into the existing national planning processes.</p> <p>Sudan has taken concrete actions and showed political will to address and minimize the risks posed by climate change to its communities, natural resources and economy by identifying and implementing adaptation measures while pursing low-carbon development strategies to spur its local and national economy in a sustainable manner. Sudan’s Initial National Communication (INC) to the UNFCCC identified agriculture, water resources and public health as most vulnerable sectors to climate change and climate variability. SSNC (2012) further identified coastal zones as an increasingly vulnerable sector that needs to be considered in climate change adaptation actions.</p> <p>With the National Adaptation Programme of Action (NAPA) Sudan’s adaptation engagement was brought to a different level (2007) as it initiated building a solid base to take systematic adaptation planning and implementation, including through stakeholder engagement, raising public awareness, and building individual and institutional capacities in the Sudanese context that set the basis for further adaptation action. Sudan’s NAPA is the first adaptation plan prepared to enable Sudan to access funds made available through the Least Developed Countries Fund (LDCF) to implement real adaptation actions on ground. The overall goal of the NAPA preparation process was to identify urgent and immediate activities to address climate variability and climate change within the context of the country’s economic development priorities. Sudan’s NAPA identified 32 urgent and immediate adaptation initiatives in the four states River Nile, Gedarif, South Darfur and North Kordofan, representing five different ecological zones.</p> <p>In addition, in response to the Cancun Adaptation Framework (CAF, 2010), Sudan launched a process for a NAP in line with its National Implementation Strategy (INC, 2003). Sudan is currently in the final stage of developing its NAP which is currently subject to Ministerial endorsement. Sudan’s NAP aims to integrate climate risks into all national development planning processes and reduce vulnerability to the impacts of climate change, by building adaptive capacity and resilience. As such, Sudan’s NAP process includes assessment of vulnerability and adaptation in all Sudan’s States, covering the main development sectors, such as water, agriculture, health and coastal zone.</p> <p>Sudan has conducted its Technology Needs Assessment (TNA) for adaption and mitigation in 2013. For mitigation the TNAs covers energy, industry and forestry sectors while two priority sectors have been covered with regard to technology for adaptation, namely agriculture and water sectors. The TNAs resulted in a Technology Action Plan (TAP), which includes some priorities with regard to technology transfer for enhancing national actions on adaptation and mitigation</p> <p>At national level line ministries developed climate change related polices such as the Agricultural Revival Program (ARP) of 2008 –2011 and the five year economic reform programme 2015- 2019. The Forest Policy, (2006) supports climate resilient livelihoods via encouraging income diversification, facilitating microfinance and providing access to land (Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation, 2012). The Natural Resource Management policy is part of the development plan of the state, which is in line with Sudan's national policy. The policy provides clear guidelines for local rehabilitation. This made local communities becoming more aware of the importance of sustainable resources management. Mainstreaming adaptation and enhancing adaptive capacity could be increased by encouraging partnerships between informal processes and formal interventions to facilitate adaptation.</p> <p>In terms of mitigation, Sudan aims towards achieving quicker economic growth rates in a sustainable manner. In line with this Sudan intends to undertake measures across a number of sectors of its economy to pursue low-carbon development, guided by the long-term national development policies, plans and strategies, which are clearly stated in different national development planning documents such as the Strategic Plan document 2007-2033. In addition, it incorporates the outcome of further analysis and consultation to enhance Sudan’s existing plans, in particular the assessment of the potential economic sectors that lead towards a low carbon development strategy. Sudan has also prepared a proposal for a low-carbon development strategy, how its implementation still pending access to international climate funding.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "SEN": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Spécifiquement pour le volet atténuation, la contribution du Sénégal sera suivie, notifiée et vérifiée au travers des éléments contenus dans les communications nationales, les rapports biennaux actualisés et les dispositions relatives aux Mesures d’Atténuation Appropriées au niveau National (MAAN) qui sont en cours de développement.\"</p> <p>Specifically for the mitigation component, Senegal's contribution will be monitored and evaluated through measures presented in the national communications, biennial update reports and the Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs) which are currently being developed.</p> <p>See INDC for full list of planning processes and implementation measures.</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "SGP": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Singapore’s Inter-Ministerial Committee on Climate Change (IMCCC) drives the whole-of-government effort to develop Singapore’s climate change mitigation measures. These take into account Singapore’s national circumstances and challenges. Studies and technology roadmaps developed in collaboration with industry stakeholders, academic experts and technical consultants, served as additional inputs on the potential of future technologies for long-term mitigation in Singapore. Public consultations were also carried out to obtain feedback on possible measures to reduce carbon emissions, and to promote green growth.</p> <p>Singapore’s broad strategies are reflected, inter alia, in the National Climate Change Strategy 2012 and the Sustainable Singapore Blueprint 2015. Legislation and regulations are also regularly reviewed to respond to new developments.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "SLB": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "SLE": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Sierra Leone's planning process on mitigation and adaptation hinges on the NCCP, NCCS&AP and the NAPA. The result shall be reviewed every five years to inform the Medium Term Plan. The adaptation and mitigation actions will further amplified in the NAP and NAMA which Sierra Leone hopes to develop.</p> <p>The planning process also takes cognizance of the absence of a Climate Change law that may propose several institutional reforms to enhance coordination of climate change adaptation and mitigation. These reforms may include:</p> <ul> <li>Review, revise the already adopted (by cabinet concurrence) current Draft Climate Policy into a comprehensive Climate Act;</li> <li>Establish the enabling legislative framework to implement the NCCS&AP actions:</li> <li>Establish and/or strengthen the high-level National Climate Change Council (NCCC), in the Office of the President; and</li> <li>Support the already established National Climate Change Secretariat as the primary national government agency for climate change response.</li> <li>Establish a Sierra Leone Climate Fund to be a financing mechanism for priority climate change actions and interventions.\"</li> </ul>" | |
| }, | |
| "SLV": { | |
| "value": "<p>“Los medios de implementación se refieren a los instrumentos y mecanismos de apoyo necesarios para alcanzar la aspiración del país y contribuir a las prioridades de adaptación y de mitigación acorde a los compromisos que establezca el acuerdo global 2015.</p> <p>El Salvador, difícilmente puede hacer frente a las CNPD sin apoyo externo dados los recursos limitados de los que dispone y ante la necesidad de cubrir los déficits sociales y los efectos ya presentes del cambio climático. El apoyo externo es un elemento fundamental para impulsar las medidas relacionadas con el cambio climático, y que condicionan diversas metas propuestas en su Contribución Prevista. Por lo tanto, esta CPND podrá actualizarse a la luz del acuerdo de Paris, particularmente en lo que aplique al apoyo financiero y de transferencia tecnológica.</p> <p>Por lo tanto, El Salvador ratifica para efectos de cumplir con las CPND el artículo 4.7 de la Convención Marco, “La medida en que los países en desarrollo lleven a la práctica efectivamente sus compromisos en virtud de la Convención dependerá de la manera en que las Partes que son países desarrollados lleven a la práctica efectivamente sus compromisos relativos a los recursos financieros y la transferencia de tecnología, y se tendrá plenamente en cuenta que el desarrollo económico y social y la erradicación de la pobreza son las prioridades primeras y esenciales de las Partes que son países en desarrollo¨.</p> <p>Considerando los factores y condiciones antes citados, El Salvador requiere para la implementación de las Contribuciones Previstas acceso efectivo a mecanismos de financiamiento como el Fondo Verde del Clima (GCF por sus siglas en inglés) y mecanismos tecnológicos tales como el Centro y Red de Tecnología del Clima (CTCN por sus siglas en inglés)</p> <p>El país cuenta con instrumentos para canalizar recursos nacionales e internacionales necesarios para promover las Contribuciones Previstas Nacionalmente Determinadas y todos los esfuerzos encaminados a promover la resiliencia y el desarrollo bajo en carbono. El Salvador, estará explorando la adopción de modalidades de gestión de recursos, tales como Canje de Deuda por Adaptación al Cambio Climático para apoyar las prioridades nacionales y otro tipo de mecanismos que le permitan canalizar los recursos adicionales para enfrentar sus compromisos.”</p> <p> </p> <p>The means of implementation refer to the tools and support mechanisms necessary to achieve the aspirations of the country and contribute to its priorities of adaptation and mitigation in line with the commitments established in the 2015 global agreement.</p> <p>El Salvador could hardly achieve its INDC without external support given the limited resources at its disposal and its need to cover social deficits and the already experienced effects of climate change. External support is a key element to promote measures related to climate change and proposals that affect different goals in their expected contribution. Therefore, this INDC may be updated in the light of the Paris Agreement, particularly pertaining to financial support and technology transfer.</p> <p>In order to achieve its INDC, El Salvador ratifies Article 4.7 of the Convention that says, “The extent to which developing country Parties will effectively implement their commitments under the Convention will depend on the effective implementation by developed country Parties of their commitments related to financial resources and transfer of technology, and will take fully into account that economic and social development and poverty eradication are the first and overriding priorities of developing country Parties.”</p> <p>Considering the above mentioned factors and conditions, for the implementation of its intended contributions El Salvador requires effective access to funding mechanisms such as the Green Climate Fund (GCF for its acronym in English) and technological mechanisms such as the Climate Technology Center and Network (CTCN for its acronym in English).</p> <p>The country has instruments to channel national and international resources to promote its Intended Nationally Determined Contributions and resilient, low carbon development. El Salvador will consider adopting rules for resource management, such as the Exchange of Debt for Climate Change Adaptation program to support national priorities and other mechanisms that would enable it to channel additional resources to meet its commitments. </p>" | |
| }, | |
| "SMR": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Since 2008 environmental policies have been implemented with a view to improving energy performance of buildings, production of electricity from renewable sources, energy consumption reduction. Moreover, a virtuous policy has been undertaken in waste management, reduction of solvent emissions into the atmosphere and application of new technologies in agriculture and land use including through a more careful territorial planning. These policies will continue to be implemented in the coming years.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "SOM": { | |
| "value": "<p>Stakeholders' Engagement in the INDCs Process</p> <p>\"The participation of key stakeholders in the formulation and implementation of INDCs is beneficial in terms of awareness, strengthening, validating and creating acceptance of the policy makers, civil society, academic institutions, private sector and development partners. Therefore, in order to achieve high level commitment from all stakeholders, there is a need for a well planned stakeholders dialogues based on: (i) information sharing and awareness raising for advocacy; (ii) arranging consultation meetings with key stakeholders; and (iii) setting long term planning for the implementation of INDCs process.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "SSD": { | |
| "value": "<p>Implementation arrangements, including monitoring and reporting progress</p> <p>\"Planning Processes: The INDC was developed through a consultative process. Stakeholders from various institutions, including line ministries, NGOs, academia and civil society, attended a series of national workshops in Juba to discuss and develop the INDC. The process was led by the Ministry of Environment.</p> <p>Institutional Arrangements: The INDC was endorsed by the Minister of Environment and various stakeholders at a validation workshop in Juba. The Ministry of Environment will lead the implementation of the INDC. Crosssectoral contributions will be discussed and implemented through the National Council of Ministers.</p> <p>Monitoring and reporting: South Sudan, through the Ministry of Environment, has the full responsibility to monitor and evaluate the implementation of INDCs through regular stakeholder consultative engagement. This will ensure the effective updating and implementation of both mitigation and adaption plans.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "STP": { | |
| "value": "<p>Institutional Arrangements</p><p>\"Apart from the legal framework referred to in the National Circumstances, for the analysis of mitigation, it took into account the Kyoto Protocol, ratified on May 19, 2008, by Presidential Decree No. 9/2008 and the Legal Regime of the Energy Sector created by Decree- law No. 26/2014.\"</p><p>Monitoring and Progress Report</p> <p>\"The country elaborated a Monitoring and Progress Report System proposal (MPR) to (INDC) according to the needs, complying with international requirements of the monitoring activities and progress of certain national contributions to adaptation and mitigation.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "SUR": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"The following is an outline of the steps taken in the preparation of the INDC.</p> <p>1. Planning process: key stakeholders were engaged on September 10th 2015. A National Team was the driver. This team consisted of representatives of the Office of the President of the Republic of Suriname, the National Institute for Environment and Development in Suriname (NIMOS), Anton de Kom University of Suriname, the Foundation for Forest Management and Forest Control in Suriname, and the ministry of Foreign Affairs. The forum sought to sensitize participants on the background, nature and need for an INDC, the preparation and information required, and key issues to consider. The forum also elicited stakeholders’ perspectives on issues and priorities for inclusion.</p> <p>2. Stocktaking: the National Team undertook a stocktaking exercise to collect required information to prepare the INDC. This exercise identified and assembled relevant national information, data and analysis, including official information from the Government sources.</p> <p>3. Desktop Review: an analysis was made of documents such as the Development Plan 2012-2016 of the Republic of Suriname, the National Plan for Forest Cover Monitoring, Suriname’s Readiness Preparation Proposal, the NCCPSAP as well as Suriname’s National Reports to the UNFCCC. In addition, use was made of the reports from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate change (IPCC), Suriname’s Energy Policy Plan 2013-2033, data from the ministry of Natural Resources, reports from the Suriname Statistics Bureau, and the guide by WRI and UNDP on ‘How to write an INDC’.</p> <p>4. Drafting phase: consistent with guidance provided by the UNFCCC through its literature and the outputs of the desktop review, a draft INDC was prepared. The methodology and metrics used are consistent with IPCC guidance under the UNFCCC, particularly, the estimation of GHGs emissions.</p> <p>5. Stakeholders review: the draft INDC was reviewed by the National Team, provided to key stakeholders for review and feedback, and updated accordingly.</p> <p>6. Review and Approval by the Office of the President’s National Environmental Policy Coordination department: the updated draft of the INDC was submitted to the Office of the President for consideration, approval and submission to the UNFCCC.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "SWZ": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Swaziland’s INDC was developed through several iterations of stakeholder consultation, along with an assessment of priority emitting sectors and key vulnerabilities. The INDC is aligned with the country’s National Development Strategy and the National Climate Change Policy.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "SYC": { | |
| "value": "<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Planning processes for preparation of the INDC:</span></p> <p>\"The INDC was developed using a multi-stakeholder consultative process by engaging relevant stakeholders in and outside government. The INDC process involved several bilateral meetings and two rounds of national consultations, and it has highlighted synergies with other UNFCCC-related processes, including the Third National Communication (TNC), Biennial Update Reports (BURs), National Adaptation Planning (NAP), and Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs), and technology Needs Assessment (TNA). The INDC process was coordinated by the Department of Energy and Climate Change (DECC), Ministry of Environment and Energy and Climate Change. The Cabinet of Ministers has been apprised of the validated INDC and they endorsed the INDC on 23rd September 2015,\"</p> <p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Planning processes for implementation and monitoring of the INDC:</span></p> <p>\"The overall implementation, and monitoring and evaluation of the INDC will be carried out by the Department Energy and Climate Change (DECC) of the Ministry of Environment, Energy and Climate Change, under the Chair of the National Focal Point for Climate Change who is also the Head of the DECC.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "TCD": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"La mise en oeuvre des actions d’atténuation et la réalisation des objectifs de limitation des émissions de GES contenus dans la CPDN du Tchad présentent des aspects conditionnels à la disponibilité d’un appui international en termes de financement, de transfert de technologies et de renforcement des capacités. Pour la préparation et la mise en place de projets d’atténuation, le pays entend solliciter l’aide internationale auprès des diverses sources disponibles notamment les agences d’aide au développement, les institutions financières bilatérales et multilatérales, les mécanismes financiers de la CCNUCC (fonds vert pour le climat, fonds d’adaptation, FEM etc.) et le secteur privé. Les besoins en financements ont été estimés à environ 21,233 Milliards US$. La mise en oeuvre de la CPDN du Tchad mettra un accent particulier sur une meilleure prise en compte des droits humains et de l’égalité des sexes.”</p> <p>The implementation of mitigation actions contained in Chad’s INDC are conditional on the availability of international support in terms of funding, technology transfer and capacity building. For the preparation and implementation of mitigation projects, the country intends to seek international assistance from various sources including development aid agencies, bilateral and multilateral financial institutions, financial mechanisms of the UNFCCC (Green Climate Fund, adaptation funds, GEF etc.) and the private sector. Financing needs have been estimated at about US $ 21.233 billion. The implementation of Chad’s INDC will place special emphasis on better integration of human rights and gender equality.</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "TGO": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Planning process Set-up of an MRV system (to be developed) - Periodic reviews of INDC implementation and updates.\"</p> <p>\"Stakeholder support and engagement: The process for determining the contributions was a participatory one, with a number of consultations with the stakeholders in order to understand the realities and the concerns of key sectors like energy, agriculture and LULUCF.\"</p> <p>Planning Process</p> <p>\"The Ministry of the Environment and Forest Resources (MERF) intends to organize regular consultations to re-examine the implementation of the adaptation and mitigation measures set out in the INDC. This will be a recurring process, to ensure that the INDC is indeed being implemented and is updated regularly. The process put in place for this purpose will make use of existing frameworks:</p> <p>The Strategy for Accelerated Growth and Employment Promotion (SCAPE) 2013-2017 takes account of climate change, namely via the actions listed in its paragraph 2.3.5.3, “Environment, sustainable natural resources management and living conditions”, for area 5. These relate to the:</p> <p>(a) Maintenance of the ecosystems’ environmental services and the preservation of biodiversity; </p> <p>(b) Sustainable management of land, catastrophes and natural resources;</p> <p>(c) Fight against climate change, which the Government recognizes as a major preoccupation, particularly:</p> <p>(i) the reinforcement of the institutional framework for implementation of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the adaptation and mitigation measures for the main development sectors,<br />(ii) the strengthening of the national multi-sector, multi-actor dialogue,<br />(iii) the updating and implementation of the National Adaptation Programme of Action for climate change, and<br />(iv) the definition and implementation of a low carbon emissions development strategy to engage the country in long term mitigation actions;</p> <p>(d) Sustainable management of the coastal zone; and</p> <p>(e) Sustainable management of living conditions, including housing and waste. </p> <p>It should also be noted that climate change has been targeted as one of the five risks identified for the implementation of SCAPE. However, provisions have also been introduced to account for mitigation actions on the said risks. The INDC provides a response to that concern.</p> <p>All the national programmes, strategies and plans have prepared planning, monitoring and evaluation mechanisms. These different documents include the National Environmental Action Plan (NEAP) process, the National Environmental Policy, the final NEAP document, the National Environmental Management Programme, the National Sustainable Development Strategy (NSDS), the National Strategy for Reducing the Risk of Catastrophes in Togo, the National Programme for Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) (2010- 2050), the National Medium Term Priority Framework (NMTPF) for Togo (2010-2015), and Adapting Agriculture in Togo to Climate Change (ADAPT).</p> <p>Togo has a number of national committees: the National Climate Change Committee, the National NAPA Committee, the National NAMA Committee and the Designated National CDM Authority. All of these have monitoring and evaluation bodies that the INDC will be able to utilize.</p> <p>Further, in the context of the institutionalization of its process of developing national communications, Togo will be relying on certain institutions that have quality assurance (QA) and quality control (QC) systems, and with which the Ministry of the Environment has established a partnership. This involves the following structures responsible for GHG inventories and mitigation measures in the concerned sectors: </p> <ul> <li>National Graduate School of Engineering (ENSI) for the energy sector;</li> <li>Graduate School of Agricultural Engineering (ESA) for the agricultural sector;</li> <li>Laboratory of Botany and Plant Ecology (LBEV) for the agriculture, forestry and other land use sector;</li> <li>Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry (LCA), which is responsible for compiling the GHG inventories and producing the TCN document; and</li> <li>Laboratory for the Management, Treatment and Recovery of Waste (GTVD).</li> </ul> <p>All this will be supplemented by the development of a monitoring, reporting and verification (MRV) system that will include the adaptation and mitigation indicators defined in existing legislation, policies, strategies, programmes and plans, in order to better monitor the INDC’s implementation. </p> <p>The implementation calendar is included in Annex V.\"</p> <p>See Togo's full INDC submission for Annex V \"Several programmes demonstrating Togo's commitment.\"</p> <p>Implementation methods</p> <p>\"This section describes the necessary support in the form of financing, capacity-building, technology transfers and others, linked to the implementation of the INDC. The provided information covers adaptation and mitigation and could help international partners to better understand the needs in order to target their support for Togo.</p> <p>All of this information is contained in the technology needs assessment documents, the national climate strategies and actions plans, the communication strategy for climate change and the transition to the green economy, capacity-building needs assessments, investment needs assessments, national communications, NAMAs, the NAPA, and the PNIERN (National Investment Programme for the Environment and Natural Resources), in addition to being summarized in the first part of this document.</p> <p>a) Capacity-building</p> <p>Satisfaction of the identified needs will be decisive in reinforcing the effectiveness of implementation of the INDC. Real efforts have been made to build both personal and institutional capacities during the First, Second and Third National Communications. However, many needs will still have to be met before achieving the national skills and expertise that will be necessary in order to carry out climate change initiatives successively and for the long term.</p> <p>In order to meet its development and adaptation challenges and to implement its roadmap, Togo must first build up its capacities. This will need to remedy the following, in particular:</p> <p> </p> <ul> <li>Insufficient reliable climate data for a realistic analysis and interpretation of climate change;</li> <li>Weak technical, institutional and legal capacities required to support the development of the horizontal integration of adaptation at the national, sub-national and local levels; and</li> <li>Shortage of financial resources to support the implementation of the adaptation and mitigation initiatives.</li> </ul> <p> </p> <p>Cost: US $0.4 billion.</p> <p>The institutionalization process that is now under way will make it possible to train a larger number of experts and to reinforce and provide tools to research and excellence centres on climate change. Further, the national INDC committee will become a standing committee, endowed with appropriate means so that it can fulfil its role effectively. A long term coordination team will also be created to monitor and evaluate the INDC activities.</p> <p>b) Technology transfers</p> <p>The technology transfer needs were identified and can essentially be summarized as follows:</p> <ul> <li>Produce and popularise energy-efficient stoves using wood, charcoal and gas among all of the country’s social strata (a process that will need to begin with subsidies or appropriate tax benefits);</li> <li>Promote renewable energies (thermal solar, photovoltaic, micro-hydraulic, wind, etc.) by facilitating access to those technologies and training the populations on how to use and manage them; and</li> <li>Promote internal expertise and good practices for safeguarding the forest cover and fighting bush fires. Cost: US $0.5 billion.</li> </ul> <p>c) Financial support</p> <p>To implement its INDC, Togo will need three point five four(3.54) billion US dollars, one point five four (1.54) billion of which for adaptation, one point ten (1.10) billion of which for mitigation, zero point five (0.5) billion for technology transfers and zero point four (0.4) billion for capacity-building.</p> <p>These estimates represent additional financing needs over and above the cost of any national decisions that would have been implemented in any case, in view of the defined national priorities.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "THA": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Thailand's INDC was developed through participatory process. Stakeholder consultations were conducted through the establishment of an inter-ministerial working group and steering committee comprising representatives from relevant sectoral agencies, academia and private sector. In addition, three national consultations were held during the technical analysis phase. Thailand's INDC was formulated based on the following plans already approved or in the pipeline for approval by the Cabinet:</p> <ul> <li>National Economic and Social Development Plans</li> <li>Climate Change Master Plan B.E. 2558-2593 (2015-2050)</li> <li>Power Development Plan B.E. 2558-2579 (2015-2036)</li> <li>Thailand Smart Grid Development Master Plan B.E. 2558- 2579 (2015-2036)</li> <li>Energy Efficiency Plan B.E. 2558-2579 (2015-2036)</li> <li>Alternative Energy Development Plan B.E. 2558-2579 (2015- 2036)</li> <li>Environmentally Sustainable Transport System Plan B.E. 2556-2573 (2013-2030)</li> <li>National Industrial Development Master Plan B.E. 2555-2574 (2012-2031)</li> <li>Waste Management Roadmap\"</li> </ul>" | |
| }, | |
| "TJK": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"The representatives of all key ministries and agencies, branches of the economy and the general public took part in the process of preparation and discussion of the INDC. In the Republic of Tajikistan, the programmes, strategies and legislative instruments are in place or being elaborated, aimed at developing renewable sources of energy, energy saving and energy efficiency, reforming agriculture, modernizing industry and transport, developing forestry and land use planning. In 2003, the National Action Plan of the Republic of Tajikistan on Climate Change Mitigation was adopted. At present, the National Development Strategy of the Republic of Tajikistan until 2015 is being implemented. At the time of preparation of the INDC, the National Development Strategy of the Republic of Tajikistan (2030), National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy and other sectoral strategies are being developed.</p><p>Taking into account the results of the negotiations and the decisions of COP-21 to the UNFCCC in Paris, December 2015, the Republic of Tajikistan may review or develop legislative and regulatory instruments; specify and complement sectoral strategies and action plans to reflect adequately the priority issues of climate change, as well as develop projects and programmes for ‘climate-sensitive’ investment and fulfillment of the intentions of the Republic of Tajikistan with respect to greenhouse gas emissions and climate adaptation, as outlined in this INDC. The system of making regular biennial inventory of greenhouse gas emissions and sinks should be created, and the organizational arrangements on the issues of climate change should be improved.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "TKM": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Turkmenistan has adopted the National Strategy on Climate Change. National Plans for Mitigation and Adaptation (NAPA and NAMA) are in the process of development. These documents reflect actions ensuring reduction of greenhouse gas emissions by 2030 on national scale and in some sectors corresponding to declared contribution in INDC Turkmenistan.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "TLS": { | |
| "value": "Analysis in progress" | |
| }, | |
| "TON": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"This INDC was prepared primarily using pre-existing national policy documents, and sector policies and plans to ensure accurate reflection of national development priorities, with pre-existing stakeholder support.</p> <p>The INDC was reviewed by Tonga’s Climate Change Technical Group, including representation of all key relevant agencies/Government Ministries, before formal Cabinet endorsement.\"</p> <p>Stakeholder Engagement</p> <p>\"In preparation for COP21, Tonga has agreed to table its INDC under the TSDF framework where key stakeholder engagements at local, regional and national level, to the climate change are facilitated by the TSDF institutional arrangements for monitoring and evaluation on an annual basis.</p> <p>In light of this IDNC, in partnership with economy wide counterparts, MEIDECC will host a broader set of stakeholder consultations post COP 21 after December 2015. The consultations will provide an opportunity to discuss Tonga’s position, fill gaps and build a common understanding and approach towards the agreed Paris COP21 and Tonga’s INDC. These stakeholder engagements will provide an opportunity to raise awareness, mobilize, inform and engage with key stakeholder groups and the general public around climate change issues, and climate change approach and response efforts at all levels.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "TTO": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Trinidad and Tobago's intended nationally determined contribution (iNDC) is based on its Carbon Reduction Strategy developed for its power generation, transportation and industrial sectors, these being the major emitting sectors of the economy, and consistent with implementing the provisions of the National Climate Change Policy. The process of developing the Strategy and hence the iNDC involved wide stakeholder consultation and participation, including through its Climate Change Focal Point Network consisting of over 175 representatives of government ministries, agencies and institutions, academia, the private and industrial sectors, non-governmental organisations, civil society organisations, and fiduciary organisations. This process was finalised in 2014 and lasted for three (3) years during which business-as-usual scenarios were developed for each sector to the year 2040 although the iNDC presented goes to the year 2030, involving a conservative (lower economic growth) and optimistic (higher economic growth).</p><p>Mitigation options were identified which underwent cost-benefit analyses and socioeconomic impact assessment and includes policy instruments, knowledge and awareness approaches to elicit behavioural changes and direct technology intervention options such as clean technology, fuel switching and renewable energy and energy efficiency technologies. Due to a lack of sufficient data sets, the methodology to estimate projected emissions was developed as an ad hoc model based on the BIOS model.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "TUN": { | |
| "value": "<p>Tunisia discusses its planning process in three parts: INDC preparation, INDC implementation and Monitoring INDC implementation.</p><p>INDC preparation:</p><p>“The preparatory phases for the INDC were already under way in July 2014 with the launch of a series of consultation workshops bringing together the main stakeholders involved in the climate change process (public administration, civil society, private sector and industry experts). This process has gathered momentum since publication of the Lima COP20 decisions defining the rules for achieving the INDCs and for their content. The consultation process continued until validation.”</p><p>INDC implementation:</p><p>“In its standard development agenda, Tunisia is already striving to mitigate its greenhouse gas emissions in all of the key sectors which generate them: (i) The country has continuously pursued a proactive energy management policy for some 30 years and has one of the lowest energy intensities in the Middle East/ North Africa region, (ii) It has achieved major accomplishments in the reforestation and preservation of forested ecosystems, which are confirmed by the finding in the 2010 greenhouse gas inventory that the entire Agriculture, forestry and other land use (AFOLU) sector is a net CO<sub>2</sub> absorber, (iii) It has always set store by improvement of agricultural productivity(including livestock) and optimization of the use of inputs, (iv) It has established the systematic introduction of controlled landfills and has, since 2006, launched Ministry of Sustainable Development projects for degasification and gas flaring across the country's eight main landfills.</p><p>Tunisia was one of the pioneering countries in the drafting of several nationally appropriate mitigation actions (NAMAs)[1], thereby standing ready to sign a new climate agreement, and was one of the first non-Annex I countries to submit its first biennial report (31 December 2014).</p><p>These numerous initiatives prove Tunisia's determination to advance swiftly beyond the already proactive baseline which it has adopted for a number of years and to set out on a virtuous and ambitious path towards mitigating its emissions of greenhouse gases, drawing both on its own resources and on those of the international community.</p><p>As part of its contribution to tackling climate change issues, Tunisia will step up its efforts to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions in several sectors:</p><p>The energy sector: The aim of the mitigation plan is to intensify the promotion of energy efficiency in all consumer sectors and for all energy usages. Around 20 energy efficiency actions have been included in the calculation of avoidable emissions, covering the entire industrial, building, transport and agricultural sectors. This should allow primary energy demand to decrease by some 30 per cent by 2030, compared to the baseline.</p><p>The plan also advocates increasing the use of renewable energies, not least through the Tunisian Solar Plan (PST). This will raise the share of renewable energies in electricity production to 14 per cent in 2020 and to 30 per cent in 2030, whereas it stood at only 4 per cent in 2015.</p><p>To achieve this, the plan will aim to achieve an installed renewable energy capacity of 3,815 MW in 2030, including 1,755 MW for wind power, 1,610 MW for solar photovoltaic (PV) and 450 MW for concentrated solar power (CSP).</p><p>With regard to solar heating, Tunisia intends to triple the solar water heater distribution rate, which will exceed 220 m² of collectors per 1,000 inhabitants in 2030, compared to 73 in 2015.</p><p>Industrial processes sector: The mitigation plan includes the use of a NAMA in the cement industry from 2016 onwards and access of this sector to carbon markets from 2021 onwards.</p><p>Agriculture, Forestry and Changes in Land Use: The mitigation plan aims to intensify the CO<sub>2</sub> absorption capacities of forestry and arboriculture by stepping up reforestation and by consolidating and increasing carbon reserves in forest and pastoral environments. The carbon footprint for agriculture will also be improved by using practices that generate fewer emissions, such as optimizing the diets of domestic animals, promoting biological agriculture or conservation-oriented agricultural practices, or recovering energy from animal waste.</p><p>Waste: The mitigation plan provides for the implementation, from 2016, of a plan to install facilities to transform solid waste into RDF (refuse derived fuel) intended for cement facilities, as well as a programme for introducing degasification systems in controlled landfills. It is planned to recover electricity from captured gases, at least at the main landfills. This energy option is covered in the low-carbon scenario for the energy sector.</p><p>The mitigation plan in the sanitation sector provides in particular for the installation of solar PV capacity at water treatment plants (STEPs), biogas digesters for electricity production and a reduction in the chemical oxygen demand (COD) of industrial wastewater.”</p><p>[1] Five NAMA proposals have already been developed: (i) NAMA Cement, (ii) NAMA Buildings (iii) NAMA Electricity Sector, (iv) NAMA Forests, and (v) NAMA Sanitation.</p><p>Monitoring INDC implementation:</p><p>\"To ensure the success and efficiency of the actions which make up its contribution, Tunisia will establish a rigorous system for monitoring and evaluating the actions and results achieved. This system will also enable the actions to be adjusted and potentially redirected. This system will be based on a comprehensive approach of Measurement, Notification and Verification (MRV) and will apply to all elements of the national strategy for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions. The Tunisian MRV system will revolve around three major elements of greenhouse gas emissions, namely:</p><ul><li>MRV of greenhouse gas national emissions, which will be responsible for the preparation each year of inventory data for greenhouse gases and for distributing and checking this data.</li><li>MRV of mitigation measures, which will be responsible for monitoring, notifying and checking the impacts (emission reductions, carbon intensity, co-beneficiaries, etc.) of all mitigation measures, especially those developed under NAMA, in accordance with national and international regulations.</li><li>MRV of support, which will be responsible for monitoring, notifying and checking greenhouse gas emission mitigation support and adaptation actions for which support has been received (funding, technology transfer and capacity building).\"</li></ul>" | |
| }, | |
| "TUR": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Turkey may revise this INDC in accordance with changing circumstances.</p> <p>Turkey supports its INDC through a national climate change policy which includes;</p> <p>- 10th National Development Plan<br />- National Strategy on Climate Change<br />- National Climate Change Action Plan<br />- National Strategy on Industry<br />- Strategy on Energy Efficiency<br />- National Strategy and Action Plan on Recycling<br />- National Legislation on Monitoring, Reporting and Verification of GHG emissions<br />- National Smart Transportation Systems Strategy Document (2014- 2023) and its Action Plan (2014-2016)</p> <p>Turkey’s INDC was prepared in a participatory approach through multiple stakeholder meetings and by analytical studies conducted for 1 year.\"</p><p>See Turkey's full INDC submission for additional information on \"Plans and policeis to be implemented for this INDC\" in Energy, Industry, Transport, Buildings and Urban Transformation, Agriculture, Waste, and Forestry sectors.</p><p>See Turkey's full INDC submission for figure presenting emission reductions to be achieved by these policies and plans compared to the business-as-usual scenario.</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "TUV": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Tuvalu adopted an all-inclusive process of engaging relevant stakeholders through bilateral consultations and workshops. The first workshop involving key Departments and Ministries provided much needed awareness about INDCs and the provision of additional data/information. It strengthened the whole-of-government process by providing national ownership of the INDC, as well as helped realise the synergies between other processes, including National Communications, National Energy Policy, National Strategic Action Plan for Climate Change and Disaster Risk Management (2012-2016), Master Plan for Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency in Tuvalu (2012-2020), National Strategic Plan and externally funded development projects in related areas. </p> <p>The second national consultation was used for the validation of the proposed targets contained in Tuvalu’s INDC, before it was presented for approval by National Advisory Council on Climate Change (NACCC) and endorsement by Cabinet prior to its submission to UNFCCC.\"</p><p>See INDC for list of planned mitigation actions for means of achieving the target.</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "UGA": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Uganda’s contribution is based upon the priority actions of the Second National Development Plan, the 2015 National Climate Change Policy and its Costed Implementation Strategy, all of which were approved by Government. The renewable energy targets are based on energy sector investment plans of the Ugandan Ministry of Energy and Mineral Development.</p> <p>The prioritisation of policies and actions has undergone extensive consultation with stakeholders at the national and sub-national level and represents the priorities of the Ugandan government.</p> <p>The implementation of the specific policies and measures is institutionalised through the National Climate Change Policy led by the authorities of the relevant sectors.\"</p><p>See Uganda's full INDC submission for additional information on Means of Implementation.</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "UKR": { | |
| "value": "<p>National legislation</p> <ul> <li>\"Law of Ukraine “On the Ratification of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change” dated 29.10.1996 No 435/96-BP;</li> <li>Law of Ukraine “On the Ratification of the Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change” dated 04.02.2004 No 1430 - IV;</li> <li>Law of Ukraine “On the Ratification of the Association Agreement between the European Union and the European Atomic Energy Community and their member states, of the one part, and Ukraine, of the other part” dated 16.09.2014 No 1678 – VII;</li> <li>Law of Ukraine “On the Basic Principles (Strategy) of the State Environmental Policy of Ukraine through 2020” dated 21.12.2010 No 2818-VI;</li> <li>Decree of the President of Ukraine “On the “Ukraine-2020” Sustainable Development Strategy dated 12.01.2015 No 5/2015;</li> <li>The Energy Strategy of Ukraine through 2035 (draft);</li> <li>Decree of the Cabinet of Ministries of Ukraine “On approval of the Concept of the State-wide Target Economic Programme for Development of Industry through 2020” dated 17.07.2013 No 603-p;</li> <li>Decree of the Cabinet of Ministries of Ukraine “On approval of the Transport Strategy of Ukraine through 2020” dated 20.10.2010 No 2174-p;</li> <li>Decree of the Cabinet of Ministries of Ukraine “On approval of the Concept of the Development Strategy for the Agricultural Sector through 2020” dated 17.10.2013 No 806-p;</li> <li>Decree of the Cabinet of Ministries of Ukraine “On approval of the State Target Programme of Energy Efficiency and the Development of Energy Carriers Generation from Renewable Energy Sources and Alternative Fuels for 2010-2015” dated 01.03.2010 No 243;</li> <li>Decree of the Cabinet of Ministries of Ukraine “On approval of the National Action Plan on Renewable Energy through 2020” dated 01.10.2014 No 902-p.;</li> <li>The National Action Plan on Energy Efficiency through 2020 (draft).\"</li> </ul> <p>Next steps</p> <p>\"1. Adoption of relevant legislative acts for the INDC implementation.</p> <p>2. Implementation of the Association Agreement between the European Union, the European Atomic Energy Community and their Member States, of the one part, and Ukraine, of the other part, ratified by the Law of Ukraine dated 16.09.2014 No 1678 – VII:</p> <ul> <li>Directive 2003/87/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing a scheme for greenhouse gas emission allowance trading within the Community and amending Council Directive 96/61/EC;</li> <li>Regulation 842/2006/EC of the European</li> <li>Parliament and of the Council on certain fluorinated greenhouse gases;</li> <li>Implementation by Ukraine of the 1997 Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, considering all compliance criteria for full implementation of the Kyoto mechanisms;</li> <li>Development of a long-term action plan for climate change mitigation and adaptation;</li> <li>Designing and implementation of long-term actions aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions.</li> </ul> <p>3. Development and implementation of measures aimed at increasing absorption of greenhouse gases.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "URY": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "VCT": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"The development of the INDC has involved detailed stakeholder consultation with public and private sector experts to determine the level and type of contribution, how the contribution will be achieved and identify the procedures that will see climate change integrated into central institutional processes. This will be summarised by St. Vincent and the Grenadines forthcoming Climate Change Policy. The Ministry of Health, Wellness and Environment will be responsible for facilitating multilateral dialogue on climate change issues as well as overseeing implementation of the INDC.</p> <p>Elements of the INDC are already enshrined in the national agenda through the existing ‘National Social and Economic Development Plan 2013-2025’ (Strategic Goal 4), which addresses the strategic necessity to adapt to the changing climate to protect its delicate environment while reducing GHG emissions. The ‘National Physical Development Plan’ also references the importance of energy efficiency in buildings and transport. The national electricity utility provider, VINLEC, has also established a feed-in-tariff to encourage the installation of distributed PV.</p> <p>Whilst the report has been prepared as partial fulfillment of the country’s obligations to the UNFCCC, there are many domestic benefits of developing and implementing an INDC. St. Vincent and the Grenadines’ INDC clearly demonstrates its political commitment and help realize non-climate benefits that support developmental priorities, in particular, reduced spending on imported fossil fuels. Additionally, these actions are consistent with the strategies and programmes identified in the <em>Climate Change and the Caribbean: A Regional Framework for Achieving Development Resilient to Climate Change</em> endorsed by the CARICOM Heads of State.\"</p>" | |
| }, | |
| "VEN": { | |
| "value": "Not Specified" | |
| }, | |
| "VNM": { | |
| "value": "<p>\"Viet Nam’s INDC has been developed with the participation and contributions from different line ministries, non-governmental organisations, research institutions, business sector representatives as well as international development partners.\"</p><p><strong>Policy framework to support the implementation of the goal to mitigate GHG emissions</strong></p> <p>\"Legal documents and policies on climate change support to INDC implementation in Viet Nam include:<br />- Law on Environment (6/2014);<br />- Law on Economical and Efficient use of Energy (6/2010);<br />- Resolution No. 24-NQ/TW on “Pro-actively responding to climate change, enhancing natural resource management and environmental protection” (6/2013);<br />- National Climate Change Strategy (12/2011);<br />- National Green Growth Strategy (9/2012);<br />- Decision 1775/QĐ-TTg on “Management of GHG emissions; management of carbon credit trading activities to the world market” (11/2012).</p> <p>Viet Nam will continue to develop policies that create favourable conditions for investments in mitigation activities.\"</p> <p><strong>Measures to achieve the GHG emissions mitigation targets of the INDC </strong></p> <p>\"In order to achieve the above-mentioned mitigation targets, Viet Nam will exert efforts in implementing the following measures:</p> <p>1) Strengthen the leading role of the State in responding to climate change</p> <p>- Integration of climate change into development strategies, and development plans;<br />- Improving and strengthening institutions: (i) Study and formulate policies, mechanisms and legislation on climate change, which are consistent with each development stage of the country and in line with the global climate change agreements and treaties to which Viet Nam is a signatory state; (ii) Develop the national GHG inventory system; (iii) Establish systems for measuring, reporting and verification (MRV) at the national and sectoral levels in order to monitor and supervise GHG emissions activities by sectors, to meet the data requirement for examination and periodic |
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