Normally to cross compile a LineageOS kernel requires a massive amount of storage as it requires downloading the entirety of the android source, including building LineageOS itself, which you may not care to do if you just want to fiddle with kernel configuration or patching.
Here's a way around that! (In the form of a script with comments.)
Special thanks to this blog post in particular, which does a decent job of explaining what to do-- hopefully my comments offer some additional clarification.