Stephen Skeirik sskeirik

`perf` Introduction

Using the perf tool centers around the following concepts:

events - these are hardware interrupts, hardware counters, or software events can be tracked
targets - while these CPUs, processes, or threads are executing, events will be tracked (tracking is disabled otherwise)
filters - these are predicates on event contexts used to control which events are tracked in which contexts

As I understand it, perf can operate in two main modes (as indicated by the perf stat and perf record subcommands):

Interoperability and scaling solutions for blockchains can be implemented at two different layers:

Layer 1 (L1) - the code which implements the blockchain runtime (e.g., gossip, consensus, txn processing, etc.); L1 updates require a hard/soft network fork
Layer 2 (L2) - any code which is not baked into the blockchain runtime (e.g., smart contracts, external entities); L2 updates do not require network forks

Let's use L1/L2 scaling/interoperability to to refer solutions implemented at the respective layer.

Year	Type	Name	URL
2003	Notes	CS322 Fall 2003: Programming Language Design - Lecture Notes –	https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/handle/2142/11385
2005	Tech Report	K: a Rewrite-based Framework for Modular Language Design, Semantics, Analysis and Implementation - Version 1 -	https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/handle/2142/11215
2006	Tech Report	K: a Rewrite-based Framework for Modular Language Design, Semantics, Analysis and Implementation - Version 2 -	https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/handle/2142/11284
2007	Tech Report	K: a Rewrite-based Framework for Modular Language Design, Semantics, Analysis and Implementation - Preliminary Version -	https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/handle/2142/11354

	#!/bin/bash

	if [ -z "$SANDBOX_PATH" ] \|\| [ ! -f "$SANDBOX_PATH/sandbox" ] ; then
	echo "Error: \$SANDBOX_PATH must be defined and point to a sandbox binary."
	echo "To use this script, first clone the Algorand sandbox:"
	echo
	echo "git clone https://github.com/algorand/sandbox"
	echo
	echo "Then set \$SANDBOX_PATH to the newly created directory for the git clone"
	echo

	// Symbolic Unit Test for Identity Function
	// lines 3 and 24 represent our input and expected output stack respectively
	input { Stack_elt nat $N } ;
	code { DUP ;
	PUSH nat 0 ;
	SWAP ;
	INT ;
	GT ;
	// Loop assigned name @I
	LOOP @I {

	module BISON-ERROR-SYNTAX
	imports LIST
	// imports SET // this also triggers the error
	endmodule

	module BISON-ERROR
	imports BISON-ERROR-SYNTAX
	endmodule

	rule lengthBytes(B1 +Bytes B2) => lengthBytes(B1) +Int lengthBytes(B2) [simplification]
	rule substrBytes(B1 +Bytes B2, START, END)
	=> substrBytes(B1, START, END)
	requires lengthBytes(B1) >=Int END
	[simplification]
	rule substrBytes(B1 +Bytes B2, START, END)
	=> substrBytes(B2, START -Int lengthBytes(B1), END -Int lengthBytes(B1))
	requires lengthBytes(B1) <=Int START
	[simplification]
	rule substrBytes(B1 +Bytes B2, START, END)

	rule <k> ADD => . ... </k>
	<stack> [ int I ] ; [ int J ] => [ int (I +Int J) ] ... </stack>