Want to run your Flask tests with CSRF protections turned on, to make sure that CSRF works properly in production as well? Here's an excellent way to do it!

flask_csrf_test_client.py

# Want to run your Flask tests with CSRF protections turned on, to make sure
# that CSRF works properly in production as well? Here's an excellent way
# to do it!

# First some imports. I'm assuming you're using Flask-WTF for CSRF protection.
import flask
from flask.testing import FlaskClient as BaseFlaskClient
from flask_wtf.csrf import generate_csrf

# Flask's assumptions about an incoming request don't quite match up with
# what the test client provides in terms of manipulating cookies, and the
# CSRF system depends on cookies working correctly. This little class is a
# fake request that forwards along requests to the test client for setting
# cookies.
class RequestShim(object):
    """
    A fake request that proxies cookie-related methods to a Flask test client.
    """
    def __init__(self, client):
        self.client = client

    def set_cookie(self, key, value='', *args, **kwargs):
        "Set the cookie on the Flask test client."
        server_name = flask.current_app.config["SERVER_NAME"] or "localhost"
        return self.client.set_cookie(
            server_name, key=key, value=value, *args, **kwargs
        )

    def delete_cookie(self, key, *args, **kwargs):
        "Delete the cookie on the Flask test client."
        server_name = flask.current_app.config["SERVER_NAME"] or "localhost"
        return self.client.delete_cookie(
            server_name, key=key, *args, **kwargs
        )

# We're going to extend Flask's built-in test client class, so that it knows
# how to look up CSRF tokens for you!
class FlaskClient(BaseFlaskClient):
    @property
    def csrf_token(self):
        # First, we'll wrap our request shim around the test client, so that
        # it will work correctly when Flask asks it to set a cookie.
        request = RequestShim(self) 
        # Next, we need to look up any cookies that might already exist on
        # this test client, such as the secure cookie that powers `flask.session`,
        # and make a test request context that has those cookies in it.
        environ_overrides = {}
        self.cookie_jar.inject_wsgi(environ_overrides)
        with flask.current_app.test_request_context(
                "/login", environ_overrides=environ_overrides,
            ):
            # Now, we call Flask-WTF's method of generating a CSRF token...
            csrf_token = generate_csrf()
            # ...which also sets a value in `flask.session`, so we need to
            # ask Flask to save that value to the cookie jar in the test
            # client. This is where we actually use that request shim we made! 
            flask.current_app.save_session(flask.session, request)
            # And finally, return that CSRF token we got from Flask-WTF.
            return csrf_token

    # Feel free to define other methods on this test client. You can even
    # use the `csrf_token` property we just defined, like we're doing here!
    def login(self, email, password):
        return self.post("/login", data={
            "email": email,
            "password": password,
            "csrf_token": self.csrf_token,
        }, follow_redirects=True)

    def logout(self):
        return self.get("/logout", follow_redirects=True)

# To hook up this extended test client class to your Flask application,
# assign it to the `test_client_class` property, like this:
app = Flask(__name__)
app.test_client_class = FlaskClient

# Now in your tests, you can request a test client the same way
# that you normally do:
client = app.test_client()
# But now, `client` is an instance of the class we defined!

# In your tests, you can call the methods you defined, like this:
client.login('user@example.com', 'passw0rd')

# And any time you need to pass a CSRF token, just use the `csrf_token`
# property, like this:
client.post("/user/1", data={
    "favorite_color": "blue",
    "csrf_token": client.csrf_token,
})

Thanks for this, it's a big help.

Thank you for that solution!

My experience with it:

In new versions of flask i guess method save_session was moved to another classes so i got an error::
E AttributeError: 'Flask' object has no attribute 'save_session'
Solved by replacing line
flask.current_app.save_session(flask.session, request)
with
flask.current_app.session_interface.save_session(flask.current_app, flask.session, request)
Also i got an error
E AttributeError: 'RequestShim' object has no attribute 'vary'
and @youngsoul's comment helped me

Just an FYI - when I tried to use this in my test I received the following error message:

" # Add a "Vary: Cookie" header if the session was accessed at all.

if session.accessed:

  response.vary.add('Cookie')

E AttributeError: 'RequestShim' object has no attribute 'vary'
"

I added the following to the init method of RequestShim:
self.vary = set({})

I applied the fixes in https://gist.github.com/singingwolfboy/2fca1de64950d5dfed72?permalink_comment_id=3952788#gistcomment-3952788 and still got an error where property csrf_token calls flask.current_app was called (lib/python3.7/site-packages/flask/globals.py:47 RuntimeError: Working outside of application context). I fixed this by replacing flask.current_app with self.application. I don't know why the calls in RequestShim work as flask.current_app.

Fixing this after upgrading from werkzeug from 2.1 to 2.3, which removes the undocumented cookie_jar seemed too hard so I dug around and found flask.g.csrf_token which I access with:

    with test_app.app_context(), test_app.test_client(user=user) as c:
        c.get('/tourist/delete/place/3')  # GET to create the CSRF token
        response = c.post(f'/tourist/delete/place/3', data=dict(confirm=True,
                                                             csrf_token=flask.g.csrf_token))

Fixing this after upgrading from werkzeug from 2.1 to 2.3, which removes the undocumented cookie_jar seemed too hard so I dug around and found flask.g.csrf_token which I access with:

    with test_app.app_context(), test_app.test_client(user=user) as c:
        c.get('/tourist/delete/place/3')  # GET to create the CSRF token
        response = c.post(f'/tourist/delete/place/3', data=dict(confirm=True,
                                                             csrf_token=flask.g.csrf_token))

Thank you @TomGoBravo!

I am still getting: The CSRF session token is missing....

The csrf token is still missing.

@jkittner , were you able to figure it out?

@karabomaila, I think I ended up only testing the case where the token is missing.

Flask 3.0.3
Werkzeug 3.0.3
pytest 8.3.2

After applying all the changes from here https://gist.github.com/singingwolfboy/2fca1de64950d5dfed72?permalink_comment_id=3952788#gistcomment-3952788
and here https://gist.github.com/singingwolfboy/2fca1de64950d5dfed72?permalink_comment_id=3952788#gistcomment-3952788

I was getting TypeError: Client.set_cookie got multiple values for argument 'key'

These are the changes I made to RequestShim.set_cookie and RequestShim.delete_cookie

def set_cookie(self, key, value="", *args, **kwargs):
      "Set the cookie on the Flask test client."
      kwargs["domain"] = self.client.application.config["SERVER_NAME"] or "localhost"
      return self.client.set_cookie(
          key=key, value=value, *args, **kwargs
      )

def delete_cookie(self, key, *args, **kwargs):
        "Delete the cookie on the Flask test client."
        kwargs["domain"] = self.client.application.config["SERVER_NAME"] or "localhost"
        return self.client.delete_cookie(key=key, *args, **kwargs)

I'm sorry everyone thinks this is so complicated. This is all you have to do (in 2024):

url = url_for(".whatever")
client.get(url) # set g.csrf_token
response = client.post(
    url,
    data={
        "foo": "bar"    
        "csrf_token": g.csrf_token
    }
)

Extend FlaskLoginClient:

class BetterFlaskLoginClient(FlaskLoginClient):
    def post(self, *args: Any, **kw: Any):
        self.get(*args)
        kw["data"] = {**{"csrf_token": g.csrf_token}, **kw.get("data", {})}
        return super().post(*args, **kw)

app.test_client_class = BetterFlaskLoginClient

Then you can just:

response = client.post(url_for(".whatever"), data={"foo":"bar"})