short code if conditions with ternary operator

conditions_and_branching.php

// ----------------------------------------------------------------
// If Conditions
// ----------------------------------------------------------------

if ($status == 'in review') ProductStatusEmailNotification::dispatch($product, Auth::user());

if ($expr) {
    $statement;
} else {
    $statement;
}

// ----------------------------------------------------------------
// Default Ternary Options
// ----------------------------------------------------------------

$result = $expr ? $statementTrue : $statementFalse;

// ----------------------------------------------------------------
// Non-obvious Ternary Behaviour
// ----------------------------------------------------------------

// on first glance, the following appears to output 'true'
echo (true ? 'true' : false ? 't' : 'f');

// however, the actual output of the above is 't' prior to PHP 8.0.0
// this is because ternary expressions are left-associative

// the following is a more obvious version of the same code as above
echo ((true ? 'true' : false) ? 't' : 'f');

// here, one can see that the first expression is evaluated to 'true', which
// in turn evaluates to (bool)true, thus returning the true branch of the
// second ternary expression.

// ----------------------------------------------------------------
// Short-ternary chaining
// ----------------------------------------------------------------

echo 0 ?: 1 ?: 2 ?: 3; //1
echo 0 ?: 0 ?: 2 ?: 3; //2
echo 0 ?: 0 ?: 0 ?: 3; //3

$v = 'My Value';
$r = ($v) ?: 'No Value'; // $r is set to 'My Value' because $v is evaluated to TRUE

$v = '';
echo ($v) ?: 'No Value'; // 'No Value' will be printed because $v is evaluated to FALSE

// ----------------------------------------------------------------
// Null Coalesce Operator
// ----------------------------------------------------------------

$action = $_POST['action'] ?? 'default';

$foo = null;
$bar = null;
$baz = 1;
$qux = 2;

echo $foo ?? $bar ?? $baz ?? $qux; // outputs 1