convert float to integers in Python

float.py

import struct

def float_to_scaled_int_double(f, p):
    # Pack float as 64-bit double (IEEE 754 double precision)
    packed = struct.pack('>d', f)
    
    # Unpack as 64-bit unsigned integer
    int_val = struct.unpack('>Q', packed)[0]
    
    # Extract components (IEEE 754 double precision format):
    # - 1 sign bit
    # - 11 exponent bits
    # - 52 explicit mantissa bits (+ 1 implicit bit)
    
    # Mask to get the 52 explicit mantissa bits
    mantissa_mask = 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFF  # 52 ones
    mantissa = int_val & mantissa_mask
    
    # Add the implicit leading 1 bit (position 52)
    mantissa |= (1 << 52)
    
    # Get the biased exponent (bits 52-62)
    exponent = (int_val >> 52) & 0x7FF  # 11 bits
    
    # Subtract bias (1023 for double precision) to get actual exponent
    actual_exponent = exponent - 1023
    
    # Scale mantissa by 2^p
    scaled_mantissa = mantissa * (2 ** p)
    
    return scaled_mantissa, actual_exponent

# Example usage
f = 3.14159
p = 10
mantissa, exponent = float_to_scaled_int_double(f, p)
print(f"Float: {f}")
print(f"Scaled mantissa (54-bit): {mantissa}")
print(f"Exponent: {exponent}")
print(f"Verification: {mantissa * (2 ** exponent) / (2 ** (p + 52))} ≈ {f}")