Transaction size optimization techniques summary

optimize.js

const {
  Connection,
  PublicKey,
  Keypair,
  Transaction,
  TransactionMessage,
  VersionedTransaction,
  AddressLookupTableAccount,
  ComputeBudgetProgram,
  SystemProgram,
} = require('@solana/web3.js');
const {
  getAssociatedTokenAddress,
  createAssociatedTokenAccountInstruction,
  TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID,
  createCloseAccountInstruction,
} = require('@solana/spl-token');
const { AmmImpl } = require('@meteora-ag/dlmm');
const BN = require('bn.js');

class OptimizedMeteoraSwapBot {
  constructor(config) {
    this.connection = new Connection(config.rpcUrl, 'confirmed');
    this.wallet = Keypair.fromSecretKey(new Uint8Array(config.privateKey));
    this.slippageBps = config.slippageBps || 100;
    this.priorityFee = config.priorityFee || 100000;
    
    // Pre-computed frequently used addresses
    this.commonAddresses = new Map();
    this.initializeCommonAddresses();
  }

  initializeCommonAddresses() {
    // Cache common addresses to avoid repeated computations
    this.commonAddresses.set('TOKEN_PROGRAM', TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID);
    this.commonAddresses.set('SYSTEM_PROGRAM', SystemProgram.programId);
    this.commonAddresses.set('WALLET', this.wallet.publicKey);
  }

  // ========== TECHNIQUE 1: INSTRUCTION BATCHING ==========
  async batchInstructions(instructions, maxInstructionsPerTx = 10) {
    const batches = [];
    for (let i = 0; i < instructions.length; i += maxInstructionsPerTx) {
      batches.push(instructions.slice(i, i + maxInstructionsPerTx));
    }
    return batches;
  }

  // ========== TECHNIQUE 2: ACCOUNT PRE-CREATION ==========
  async preCreateRequiredAccounts(tokenMints) {
    console.log('🔧 Pre-creating required token accounts...');
    const instructions = [];
    const existingAccounts = new Set();

    for (const mint of tokenMints) {
      const ata = await getAssociatedTokenAddress(
        new PublicKey(mint),
        this.wallet.publicKey
      );

      try {
        const accountInfo = await this.connection.getAccountInfo(ata);
        if (accountInfo) {
          existingAccounts.add(mint);
          continue;
        }
      } catch (error) {
        // Account doesn't exist
      }

      const createATAIx = createAssociatedTokenAccountInstruction(
        this.wallet.publicKey,
        ata,
        this.wallet.publicKey,
        new PublicKey(mint)
      );
      instructions.push(createATAIx);
    }

    if (instructions.length > 0) {
      const batches = await this.batchInstructions(instructions, 8);
      
      for (const batch of batches) {
        const tx = new Transaction().add(...batch);
        const signature = await this.connection.sendTransaction(tx, [this.wallet]);
        await this.connection.confirmTransaction(signature, 'confirmed');
        console.log(`✅ Account creation batch sent: ${signature}`);
      }
    }

    return existingAccounts;
  }

  // ========== TECHNIQUE 3: INSTRUCTION COMPRESSION ==========
  compressInstructions(instructions) {
    console.log('🗜️ Compressing instructions...');
    
    // Remove duplicate instructions
    const uniqueInstructions = instructions.filter((instruction, index, self) => {
      return self.findIndex(i => 
        i.programId.equals(instruction.programId) &&
        JSON.stringify(i.keys) === JSON.stringify(instruction.keys) &&
        Buffer.compare(i.data, instruction.data) === 0
      ) === index;
    });

    // Merge compatible compute budget instructions
    const computeBudgetInstructions = uniqueInstructions.filter(ix => 
      ix.programId.equals(ComputeBudgetProgram.programId)
    );
    
    const otherInstructions = uniqueInstructions.filter(ix => 
      !ix.programId.equals(ComputeBudgetProgram.programId)
    );

    // Keep only the highest priority fee instruction if multiple exist
    const priorityFeeInstructions = computeBudgetInstructions.filter(ix => 
      ix.data[0] === 3 // SetComputeUnitPrice instruction discriminator
    );
    
    const highestPriorityFee = priorityFeeInstructions.reduce((max, current) => {
      const currentFee = new BN(current.data.slice(1, 9), 'le').toNumber();
      const maxFee = max ? new BN(max.data.slice(1, 9), 'le').toNumber() : 0;
      return currentFee > maxFee ? current : max;
    }, null);

    const finalInstructions = [];
    if (highestPriorityFee) {
      finalInstructions.push(highestPriorityFee);
    }
    
    // Add compute unit limit if not present
    const hasComputeLimit = computeBudgetInstructions.some(ix => ix.data[0] === 2);
    if (!hasComputeLimit) {
      finalInstructions.push(
        ComputeBudgetProgram.setComputeUnitLimit({ units: 400000 })
      );
    }

    finalInstructions.push(...otherInstructions);

    console.log(`📉 Reduced from ${instructions.length} to ${finalInstructions.length} instructions`);
    return finalInstructions;
  }

  // ========== TECHNIQUE 4: MINIMAL DATA ENCODING ==========
  createMinimalSwapInstruction(pool, swapParams) {
    // Use minimal instruction data by only including essential parameters
    const minimalParams = {
      inTokenAccount: swapParams.inTokenAccount,
      outTokenAccount: swapParams.outTokenAccount,
      inAmount: swapParams.inAmount,
      minimumOutAmount: swapParams.minimumOutAmount,
      user: swapParams.user,
    };

    return pool.swap(minimalParams);
  }

  // ========== TECHNIQUE 5: ACCOUNT CLEANUP ==========
  async createAccountCleanupInstructions(temporaryAccounts) {
    const cleanupInstructions = [];
    
    for (const account of temporaryAccounts) {
      try {
        const accountInfo = await this.connection.getAccountInfo(account);
        if (accountInfo && accountInfo.data.length > 0) {
          // Only cleanup if account has zero balance
          const balance = await this.connection.getTokenAccountBalance(account);
          if (balance.value.uiAmount === 0) {
            const closeIx = createCloseAccountInstruction(
              account,
              this.wallet.publicKey,
              this.wallet.publicKey
            );
            cleanupInstructions.push(closeIx);
          }
        }
      } catch (error) {
        // Account doesn't exist or error reading it
      }
    }

    return cleanupInstructions;
  }

  // ========== TECHNIQUE 6: TRANSACTION SPLITTING ==========
  async executeTransactionWithSplitting(instructions, lookupTables = []) {
    const MAX_TX_SIZE = 1232; // Solana's transaction limit
    
    // Estimate transaction size
    let estimatedSize = this.estimateTransactionSize(instructions, lookupTables);
    
    if (estimatedSize <= MAX_TX_SIZE) {
      // Single transaction
      return await this.sendSingleTransaction(instructions, lookupTables);
    }

    console.log(`📦 Transaction too large (${estimatedSize} bytes), splitting...`);
    
    // Split into multiple transactions
    const criticalInstructions = instructions.filter(ix => 
      !ix.programId.equals(ComputeBudgetProgram.programId)
    ).slice(0, 1); // Keep only the main swap instruction
    
    const setupInstructions = instructions.filter(ix => 
      ix.programId.equals(ComputeBudgetProgram.programId) ||
      ix.programId.equals(SystemProgram.programId)
    );

    // Send setup transaction first
    if (setupInstructions.length > 0) {
      await this.sendSingleTransaction(setupInstructions, []);
      await new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, 1000)); // Wait between transactions
    }

    // Send main transaction
    return await this.sendSingleTransaction(criticalInstructions, lookupTables);
  }

  estimateTransactionSize(instructions, lookupTables) {
    // Rough estimation of transaction size
    let size = 64; // Base transaction overhead
    
    for (const instruction of instructions) {
      size += 1; // Program ID index or address
      size += 1; // Accounts length
      size += instruction.keys.length * (lookupTables.length > 0 ? 1 : 32); // Account indices or addresses
      size += 4; // Data length
      size += instruction.data.length; // Instruction data
    }

    return size;
  }

  async sendSingleTransaction(instructions, lookupTables) {
    const { blockhash } = await this.connection.getLatestBlockhash();
    
    const messageV0 = new TransactionMessage({
      payerKey: this.wallet.publicKey,
      recentBlockhash: blockhash,
      instructions,
    }).compileToV0Message(lookupTables);

    const versionedTransaction = new VersionedTransaction(messageV0);
    versionedTransaction.sign([this.wallet]);

    const signature = await this.connection.sendTransaction(versionedTransaction);
    await this.connection.confirmTransaction(signature, 'confirmed');
    
    return signature;
  }

  // ========== TECHNIQUE 7: DYNAMIC COMPUTE BUDGET ==========
  async calculateOptimalComputeBudget(instructions, lookupTables) {
    try {
      // Create a test transaction for simulation
      const { blockhash } = await this.connection.getLatestBlockhash();
      const testInstructions = [
        ComputeBudgetProgram.setComputeUnitLimit({ units: 1400000 }), // Max limit for simulation
        ...instructions
      ];

      const messageV0 = new TransactionMessage({
        payerKey: this.wallet.publicKey,
        recentBlockhash: blockhash,
        instructions: testInstructions,
      }).compileToV0Message(lookupTables);

      const versionedTransaction = new VersionedTransaction(messageV0);
      versionedTransaction.sign([this.wallet]);

      const simulation = await this.connection.simulateTransaction(versionedTransaction);
      
      if (simulation.value.unitsConsumed) {
        // Add 20% buffer to the consumed units
        const optimalUnits = Math.ceil(simulation.value.unitsConsumed * 1.2);
        console.log(`🧮 Optimal compute units: ${optimalUnits} (consumed: ${simulation.value.unitsConsumed})`);
        return optimalUnits;
      }
    } catch (error) {
      console.log('Could not calculate optimal compute budget, using default');
    }
    
    return 300000; // Default fallback
  }

  // ========== MAIN OPTIMIZED SWAP FUNCTION ==========
  async executeOptimizedSwap(poolAddress, inputMint, outputMint, amountIn) {
    try {
      console.log('\n🚀 Starting optimized swap execution...');

      // Step 1: Pre-create accounts if needed
      await this.preCreateRequiredAccounts([inputMint, outputMint]);

      // Step 2: Get pool and prepare basic instructions
      const pool = await AmmImpl.create(this.connection, new PublicKey(poolAddress));
      const poolState = await pool.getPoolState();
      const isXtoY = poolState.tokenXMint.toString() === inputMint;

      // Step 3: Get quote
      const swapAmount = new BN(amountIn);
      const quote = await pool.getSwapQuote(swapAmount, isXtoY, this.slippageBps);

      // Step 4: Get token accounts
      const inputATA = await getAssociatedTokenAddress(
        new PublicKey(inputMint),
        this.wallet.publicKey
      );
      const outputATA = await getAssociatedTokenAddress(
        new PublicKey(outputMint),
        this.wallet.publicKey
      );

      // Step 5: Create minimal swap instruction
      const swapInstruction = await this.createMinimalSwapInstruction(pool, {
        inTokenAccount: inputATA,
        outTokenAccount: outputATA,
        inAmount: swapAmount,
        minimumOutAmount: quote.minOutAmount,
        user: this.wallet.publicKey,
      });

      const instructions = [swapInstruction];

      // Step 6: Create optimized lookup table
      const lookupAddresses = [
        new PublicKey(poolAddress),
        new PublicKey(inputMint),
        new PublicKey(outputMint),
        inputATA,
        outputATA,
        poolState.tokenXVault,
        poolState.tokenYVault,
        TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID,
      ];

      const lookupTable = await this.getOrCreateLookupTable(lookupAddresses);

      // Step 7: Calculate optimal compute budget
      const optimalComputeUnits = await this.calculateOptimalComputeBudget(instructions, [lookupTable]);
      
      // Step 8: Add optimized compute budget instructions
      const computeInstructions = [
        ComputeBudgetProgram.setComputeUnitLimit({ units: optimalComputeUnits }),
        ComputeBudgetProgram.setComputeUnitPrice({ microLamports: this.priorityFee }),
      ];

      // Step 9: Compress all instructions
      const allInstructions = [...computeInstructions, ...instructions];
      const compressedInstructions = this.compressInstructions(allInstructions);

      // Step 10: Execute with transaction splitting if needed
      const signature = await this.executeTransactionWithSplitting(
        compressedInstructions, 
        [lookupTable]
      );

      console.log('✅ Optimized swap completed successfully!');
      console.log(`📋 Transaction: ${signature}`);
      console.log(`🔗 Explorer: https://solscan.io/tx/${signature}`);

      return {
        signature,
        quote,
        success: true,
        optimizations: {
          instructionCount: compressedInstructions.length,
          computeUnits: optimalComputeUnits,
          usedLookupTable: true,
        }
      };

    } catch (error) {
      console.error('❌ Optimized swap failed:', error);
      return {
        error: error.message,
        success: false
      };
    }
  }

  // Placeholder for lookup table method (from previous implementation)
  async getOrCreateLookupTable(addresses) {
    // Implementation from previous code...
    // This would be the same as in the previous implementation
    return null; // Placeholder
  }

  // ========== TECHNIQUE 8: BULK OPERATIONS ==========
  async executeBulkSwaps(swapParams) {
    console.log(`🔄 Executing ${swapParams.length} bulk swaps...`);
    
    const results = [];
    const BATCH_SIZE = 3; // Process 3 swaps at a time to avoid rate limits
    
    for (let i = 0; i < swapParams.length; i += BATCH_SIZE) {
      const batch = swapParams.slice(i, i + BATCH_SIZE);
      const batchPromises = batch.map(params => 
        this.executeOptimizedSwap(
          params.poolAddress,
          params.inputMint,
          params.outputMint,
          params.amountIn
        )
      );
      
      const batchResults = await Promise.allSettled(batchPromises);
      results.push(...batchResults);
      
      // Wait between batches to avoid overwhelming the RPC
      if (i + BATCH_SIZE < swapParams.length) {
        await new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, 2000));
      }
    }
    
    return results;
  }

  // ========== TECHNIQUE 9: TRANSACTION RETRY WITH BACKOFF ==========
  async sendTransactionWithRetry(versionedTransaction, maxRetries = 3) {
    for (let attempt = 1; attempt <= maxRetries; attempt++) {
      try {
        console.log(`📤 Sending transaction (attempt ${attempt}/${maxRetries})...`);
        
        const signature = await this.connection.sendTransaction(versionedTransaction, {
          skipPreflight: attempt > 1, // Skip preflight on retries
          maxRetries: 0, // Handle retries manually
        });
        
        const confirmation = await this.connection.confirmTransaction(signature, 'confirmed');
        
        if (!confirmation.value.err) {
          return signature;
        }
        
        throw new Error(`Transaction failed: ${JSON.stringify(confirmation.value.err)}`);
        
      } catch (error) {
        console.log(`⚠️ Attempt ${attempt} failed: ${error.message}`);
        
        if (attempt === maxRetries) {
          throw error;
        }
        
        // Exponential backoff
        const delay = Math.pow(2, attempt) * 1000;
        console.log(`⏳ Waiting ${delay}ms before retry...`);
        await new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, delay));
        
        // Update recent blockhash for retry
        const { blockhash } = await this.connection.getLatestBlockhash();
        versionedTransaction.message.recentBlockhash = blockhash;
        versionedTransaction.sign([this.wallet]);
      }
    }
  }
}

// ========== USAGE EXAMPLES ==========
async function demonstrateOptimizations() {
  const config = {
    rpcUrl: process.env.RPC_URL || 'https://api.mainnet-beta.solana.com',
    privateKey: JSON.parse(process.env.PRIVATE_KEY || '[]'),
    slippageBps: 100,
    priorityFee: 100000,
  };

  const optimizedBot = new OptimizedMeteoraSwapBot(config);

  // Example 1: Single optimized swap
  const singleSwapResult = await optimizedBot.executeOptimizedSwap(
    'ARwi1S4DaiTG5DX7S4M4ZsrXqpMD1MrTmbu9ue2tpmEq', // Pool address
    'EPjFWdd5AufqSSqeM2qN1xzybapC8G4wEGGkZwyTDt1v', // USDC
    'So11111111111111111111111111111111111111112',   // SOL
    '1000000' // 1 USDC
  );

  console.log('Single swap result:', singleSwapResult);

  // Example 2: Bulk swaps
  const bulkSwapParams = [
    {
      poolAddress: 'ARwi1S4DaiTG5DX7S4M4ZsrXqpMD1MrTmbu9ue2tpmEq',
      inputMint: 'EPjFWdd5AufqSSqeM2qN1xzybapC8G4wEGGkZwyTDt1v',
      outputMint: 'So11111111111111111111111111111111111111112',
      amountIn: '500000'
    },
    {
      poolAddress: 'ARwi1S4DaiTG5DX7S4M4ZsrXqpMD1MrTmbu9ue2tpmEq',
      inputMint: 'So11111111111111111111111111111111111111112',
      outputMint: 'EPjFWdd5AufqSSqeM2qN1xzybapC8G4wEGGkZwyTDt1v',
      amountIn: '100000000' // 0.1 SOL
    }
  ];

  const bulkResults = await optimizedBot.executeBulkSwaps(bulkSwapParams);
  console.log('Bulk swap results:', bulkResults);
}

module.exports = OptimizedMeteoraSwapBot;

// Export optimization techniques summary
module.exports.OptimizationTechniques = {
  LOOKUP_TABLES: 'Use address lookup tables to reduce transaction size',
  INSTRUCTION_BATCHING: 'Split large transactions into smaller batches',
  ACCOUNT_PRE_CREATION: 'Create required accounts in advance',
  INSTRUCTION_COMPRESSION: 'Remove duplicate and merge compatible instructions',
  MINIMAL_DATA_ENCODING: 'Use minimal instruction data',
  ACCOUNT_CLEANUP: 'Close temporary accounts to reclaim rent',
  TRANSACTION_SPLITTING: 'Split oversized transactions automatically',
  DYNAMIC_COMPUTE_BUDGET: 'Calculate optimal compute units through simulation',
  BULK_OPERATIONS: 'Process multiple operations efficiently',
  RETRY_WITH_BACKOFF: 'Implement retry logic with exponential backoff'
};