Source code for beamer contracts verification. All Imports are resolved. Contains all contracts needed to verify beamer contracts

BeamerContractsSourceCodeResolvedImports.sol

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.12;


/**
 * @dev Provides information about the current execution context, including the
 * sender of the transaction and its data. While these are generally available
 * via msg.sender and msg.data, they should not be accessed in such a direct
 * manner, since when dealing with meta-transactions the account sending and
 * paying for execution may not be the actual sender (as far as an application
 * is concerned).
 *
 * This contract is only required for intermediate, library-like contracts.
 */
abstract contract Context {
    function _msgSender() internal view virtual returns (address) {
        return msg.sender;
    }

    function _msgData() internal view virtual returns (bytes calldata) {
        return msg.data;
    }
}


/**
 * @dev Collection of functions related to the address type
 */
library Address {
    /**
     * @dev Returns true if `account` is a contract.
     *
     * [IMPORTANT]
     * ====
     * It is unsafe to assume that an address for which this function returns
     * false is an externally-owned account (EOA) and not a contract.
     *
     * Among others, `isContract` will return false for the following
     * types of addresses:
     *
     *  - an externally-owned account
     *  - a contract in construction
     *  - an address where a contract will be created
     *  - an address where a contract lived, but was destroyed
     * ====
     *
     * [IMPORTANT]
     * ====
     * You shouldn't rely on `isContract` to protect against flash loan attacks!
     *
     * Preventing calls from contracts is highly discouraged. It breaks composability, breaks support for smart wallets
     * like Gnosis Safe, and does not provide security since it can be circumvented by calling from a contract
     * constructor.
     * ====
     */
    function isContract(address account) internal view returns (bool) {
        // This method relies on extcodesize/address.code.length, which returns 0
        // for contracts in construction, since the code is only stored at the end
        // of the constructor execution.

        return account.code.length > 0;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Replacement for Solidity's `transfer`: sends `amount` wei to
     * `recipient`, forwarding all available gas and reverting on errors.
     *
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1884[EIP1884] increases the gas cost
     * of certain opcodes, possibly making contracts go over the 2300 gas limit
     * imposed by `transfer`, making them unable to receive funds via
     * `transfer`. {sendValue} removes this limitation.
     *
     * https://diligence.consensys.net/posts/2019/09/stop-using-soliditys-transfer-now/[Learn more].
     *
     * IMPORTANT: because control is transferred to `recipient`, care must be
     * taken to not create reentrancy vulnerabilities. Consider using
     * {ReentrancyGuard} or the
     * https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/v0.5.11/security-considerations.html#use-the-checks-effects-interactions-pattern[checks-effects-interactions pattern].
     */
    function sendValue(address payable recipient, uint256 amount) internal {
        require(address(this).balance >= amount, "Address: insufficient balance");

        (bool success, ) = recipient.call{value: amount}("");
        require(success, "Address: unable to send value, recipient may have reverted");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Performs a Solidity function call using a low level `call`. A
     * plain `call` is an unsafe replacement for a function call: use this
     * function instead.
     *
     * If `target` reverts with a revert reason, it is bubbled up by this
     * function (like regular Solidity function calls).
     *
     * Returns the raw returned data. To convert to the expected return value,
     * use https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/latest/units-and-global-variables.html?highlight=abi.decode#abi-encoding-and-decoding-functions[`abi.decode`].
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `target` must be a contract.
     * - calling `target` with `data` must not revert.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0, "Address: low-level call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`], but with
     * `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but also transferring `value` wei to `target`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the calling contract must have an ETH balance of at least `value`.
     * - the called Solidity function must be `payable`.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCallWithValue(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        uint256 value
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, value, "Address: low-level call with value failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCallWithValue-address-bytes-uint256-}[`functionCallWithValue`], but
     * with `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCallWithValue(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        uint256 value,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        require(address(this).balance >= value, "Address: insufficient balance for call");
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.call{value: value}(data);
        return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a static call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.3._
     */
    function functionStaticCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionStaticCall(target, data, "Address: low-level static call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a static call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.3._
     */
    function functionStaticCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.staticcall(data);
        return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a delegate call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.4._
     */
    function functionDelegateCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionDelegateCall(target, data, "Address: low-level delegate call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a delegate call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.4._
     */
    function functionDelegateCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.delegatecall(data);
        return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Tool to verify that a low level call to smart-contract was successful, and revert (either by bubbling
     * the revert reason or using the provided one) in case of unsuccessful call or if target was not a contract.
     *
     * _Available since v4.8._
     */
    function verifyCallResultFromTarget(
        address target,
        bool success,
        bytes memory returndata,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        if (success) {
            if (returndata.length == 0) {
                // only check isContract if the call was successful and the return data is empty
                // otherwise we already know that it was a contract
                require(isContract(target), "Address: call to non-contract");
            }
            return returndata;
        } else {
            _revert(returndata, errorMessage);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Tool to verify that a low level call was successful, and revert if it wasn't, either by bubbling the
     * revert reason or using the provided one.
     *
     * _Available since v4.3._
     */
    function verifyCallResult(
        bool success,
        bytes memory returndata,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        if (success) {
            return returndata;
        } else {
            _revert(returndata, errorMessage);
        }
    }

    function _revert(bytes memory returndata, string memory errorMessage) private pure {
        // Look for revert reason and bubble it up if present
        if (returndata.length > 0) {
            // The easiest way to bubble the revert reason is using memory via assembly
            /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
            assembly {
                let returndata_size := mload(returndata)
                revert(add(32, returndata), returndata_size)
            }
        } else {
            revert(errorMessage);
        }
    }
}


/**
 * @dev Interface of the ERC20 Permit extension allowing approvals to be made via signatures, as defined in
 * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2612[EIP-2612].
 *
 * Adds the {permit} method, which can be used to change an account's ERC20 allowance (see {IERC20-allowance}) by
 * presenting a message signed by the account. By not relying on {IERC20-approve}, the token holder account doesn't
 * need to send a transaction, and thus is not required to hold Ether at all.
 */
interface IERC20Permit {
    /**
     * @dev Sets `value` as the allowance of `spender` over ``owner``'s tokens,
     * given ``owner``'s signed approval.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: The same issues {IERC20-approve} has related to transaction
     * ordering also apply here.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `deadline` must be a timestamp in the future.
     * - `v`, `r` and `s` must be a valid `secp256k1` signature from `owner`
     * over the EIP712-formatted function arguments.
     * - the signature must use ``owner``'s current nonce (see {nonces}).
     *
     * For more information on the signature format, see the
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2612#specification[relevant EIP
     * section].
     */
    function permit(
        address owner,
        address spender,
        uint256 value,
        uint256 deadline,
        uint8 v,
        bytes32 r,
        bytes32 s
    ) external;

    /**
     * @dev Returns the current nonce for `owner`. This value must be
     * included whenever a signature is generated for {permit}.
     *
     * Every successful call to {permit} increases ``owner``'s nonce by one. This
     * prevents a signature from being used multiple times.
     */
    function nonces(address owner) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the domain separator used in the encoding of the signature for {permit}, as defined by {EIP712}.
     */
    // solhint-disable-next-line func-name-mixedcase
    function DOMAIN_SEPARATOR() external view returns (bytes32);
}


/**
 * @dev Interface of the ERC20 standard as defined in the EIP.
 */
interface IERC20 {
    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `value` tokens are moved from one account (`from`) to
     * another (`to`).
     *
     * Note that `value` may be zero.
     */
    event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 value);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the allowance of a `spender` for an `owner` is set by
     * a call to {approve}. `value` is the new allowance.
     */
    event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed spender, uint256 value);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the amount of tokens in existence.
     */
    function totalSupply() external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the amount of tokens owned by `account`.
     */
    function balanceOf(address account) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Moves `amount` tokens from the caller's account to `to`.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function transfer(address to, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the remaining number of tokens that `spender` will be
     * allowed to spend on behalf of `owner` through {transferFrom}. This is
     * zero by default.
     *
     * This value changes when {approve} or {transferFrom} are called.
     */
    function allowance(address owner, address spender) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Sets `amount` as the allowance of `spender` over the caller's tokens.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: Beware that changing an allowance with this method brings the risk
     * that someone may use both the old and the new allowance by unfortunate
     * transaction ordering. One possible solution to mitigate this race
     * condition is to first reduce the spender's allowance to 0 and set the
     * desired value afterwards:
     * https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/issues/20#issuecomment-263524729
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     */
    function approve(address spender, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Moves `amount` tokens from `from` to `to` using the
     * allowance mechanism. `amount` is then deducted from the caller's
     * allowance.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function transferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 amount
    ) external returns (bool);
}


/**
 * @title SafeERC20
 * @dev Wrappers around ERC20 operations that throw on failure (when the token
 * contract returns false). Tokens that return no value (and instead revert or
 * throw on failure) are also supported, non-reverting calls are assumed to be
 * successful.
 * To use this library you can add a `using SafeERC20 for IERC20;` statement to your contract,
 * which allows you to call the safe operations as `token.safeTransfer(...)`, etc.
 */
library SafeERC20 {
    using Address for address;

    function safeTransfer(
        IERC20 token,
        address to,
        uint256 value
    ) internal {
        _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.transfer.selector, to, value));
    }

    function safeTransferFrom(
        IERC20 token,
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 value
    ) internal {
        _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.transferFrom.selector, from, to, value));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Deprecated. This function has issues similar to the ones found in
     * {IERC20-approve}, and its usage is discouraged.
     *
     * Whenever possible, use {safeIncreaseAllowance} and
     * {safeDecreaseAllowance} instead.
     */
    function safeApprove(
        IERC20 token,
        address spender,
        uint256 value
    ) internal {
        // safeApprove should only be called when setting an initial allowance,
        // or when resetting it to zero. To increase and decrease it, use
        // 'safeIncreaseAllowance' and 'safeDecreaseAllowance'
        require(
            (value == 0) || (token.allowance(address(this), spender) == 0),
            "SafeERC20: approve from non-zero to non-zero allowance"
        );
        _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.approve.selector, spender, value));
    }

    function safeIncreaseAllowance(
        IERC20 token,
        address spender,
        uint256 value
    ) internal {
        uint256 newAllowance = token.allowance(address(this), spender) + value;
        _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.approve.selector, spender, newAllowance));
    }

    function safeDecreaseAllowance(
        IERC20 token,
        address spender,
        uint256 value
    ) internal {
        unchecked {
            uint256 oldAllowance = token.allowance(address(this), spender);
            require(oldAllowance >= value, "SafeERC20: decreased allowance below zero");
            uint256 newAllowance = oldAllowance - value;
            _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.approve.selector, spender, newAllowance));
        }
    }

    function safePermit(
        IERC20Permit token,
        address owner,
        address spender,
        uint256 value,
        uint256 deadline,
        uint8 v,
        bytes32 r,
        bytes32 s
    ) internal {
        uint256 nonceBefore = token.nonces(owner);
        token.permit(owner, spender, value, deadline, v, r, s);
        uint256 nonceAfter = token.nonces(owner);
        require(nonceAfter == nonceBefore + 1, "SafeERC20: permit did not succeed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Imitates a Solidity high-level call (i.e. a regular function call to a contract), relaxing the requirement
     * on the return value: the return value is optional (but if data is returned, it must not be false).
     * @param token The token targeted by the call.
     * @param data The call data (encoded using abi.encode or one of its variants).
     */
    function _callOptionalReturn(IERC20 token, bytes memory data) private {
        // We need to perform a low level call here, to bypass Solidity's return data size checking mechanism, since
        // we're implementing it ourselves. We use {Address-functionCall} to perform this call, which verifies that
        // the target address contains contract code and also asserts for success in the low-level call.

        bytes memory returndata = address(token).functionCall(data, "SafeERC20: low-level call failed");
        if (returndata.length > 0) {
            // Return data is optional
            require(abi.decode(returndata, (bool)), "SafeERC20: ERC20 operation did not succeed");
        }
    }
}


/**
 * @dev Standard math utilities missing in the Solidity language.
 */
library Math {
    enum Rounding {
        Down, // Toward negative infinity
        Up, // Toward infinity
        Zero // Toward zero
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the largest of two numbers.
     */
    function max(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return a > b ? a : b;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the smallest of two numbers.
     */
    function min(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return a < b ? a : b;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the average of two numbers. The result is rounded towards
     * zero.
     */
    function average(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        // (a + b) / 2 can overflow.
        return (a & b) + (a ^ b) / 2;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the ceiling of the division of two numbers.
     *
     * This differs from standard division with `/` in that it rounds up instead
     * of rounding down.
     */
    function ceilDiv(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        // (a + b - 1) / b can overflow on addition, so we distribute.
        return a == 0 ? 0 : (a - 1) / b + 1;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Calculates floor(x * y / denominator) with full precision. Throws if result overflows a uint256 or denominator == 0
     * @dev Original credit to Remco Bloemen under MIT license (https://xn--2-umb.com/21/muldiv)
     * with further edits by Uniswap Labs also under MIT license.
     */
    function mulDiv(
        uint256 x,
        uint256 y,
        uint256 denominator
    ) internal pure returns (uint256 result) {
        unchecked {
            // 512-bit multiply [prod1 prod0] = x * y. Compute the product mod 2^256 and mod 2^256 - 1, then use
            // use the Chinese Remainder Theorem to reconstruct the 512 bit result. The result is stored in two 256
            // variables such that product = prod1 * 2^256 + prod0.
            uint256 prod0; // Least significant 256 bits of the product
            uint256 prod1; // Most significant 256 bits of the product
            assembly {
                let mm := mulmod(x, y, not(0))
                prod0 := mul(x, y)
                prod1 := sub(sub(mm, prod0), lt(mm, prod0))
            }

            // Handle non-overflow cases, 256 by 256 division.
            if (prod1 == 0) {
                return prod0 / denominator;
            }

            // Make sure the result is less than 2^256. Also prevents denominator == 0.
            require(denominator > prod1);

            ///////////////////////////////////////////////
            // 512 by 256 division.
            ///////////////////////////////////////////////

            // Make division exact by subtracting the remainder from [prod1 prod0].
            uint256 remainder;
            assembly {
                // Compute remainder using mulmod.
                remainder := mulmod(x, y, denominator)

                // Subtract 256 bit number from 512 bit number.
                prod1 := sub(prod1, gt(remainder, prod0))
                prod0 := sub(prod0, remainder)
            }

            // Factor powers of two out of denominator and compute largest power of two divisor of denominator. Always >= 1.
            // See https://cs.stackexchange.com/q/138556/92363.

            // Does not overflow because the denominator cannot be zero at this stage in the function.
            uint256 twos = denominator & (~denominator + 1);
            assembly {
                // Divide denominator by twos.
                denominator := div(denominator, twos)

                // Divide [prod1 prod0] by twos.
                prod0 := div(prod0, twos)

                // Flip twos such that it is 2^256 / twos. If twos is zero, then it becomes one.
                twos := add(div(sub(0, twos), twos), 1)
            }

            // Shift in bits from prod1 into prod0.
            prod0 |= prod1 * twos;

            // Invert denominator mod 2^256. Now that denominator is an odd number, it has an inverse modulo 2^256 such
            // that denominator * inv = 1 mod 2^256. Compute the inverse by starting with a seed that is correct for
            // four bits. That is, denominator * inv = 1 mod 2^4.
            uint256 inverse = (3 * denominator) ^ 2;

            // Use the Newton-Raphson iteration to improve the precision. Thanks to Hensel's lifting lemma, this also works
            // in modular arithmetic, doubling the correct bits in each step.
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^8
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^16
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^32
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^64
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^128
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^256

            // Because the division is now exact we can divide by multiplying with the modular inverse of denominator.
            // This will give us the correct result modulo 2^256. Since the preconditions guarantee that the outcome is
            // less than 2^256, this is the final result. We don't need to compute the high bits of the result and prod1
            // is no longer required.
            result = prod0 * inverse;
            return result;
        }
    }

    /**
     * @notice Calculates x * y / denominator with full precision, following the selected rounding direction.
     */
    function mulDiv(
        uint256 x,
        uint256 y,
        uint256 denominator,
        Rounding rounding
    ) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        uint256 result = mulDiv(x, y, denominator);
        if (rounding == Rounding.Up && mulmod(x, y, denominator) > 0) {
            result += 1;
        }
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the square root of a number. If the number is not a perfect square, the value is rounded down.
     *
     * Inspired by Henry S. Warren, Jr.'s "Hacker's Delight" (Chapter 11).
     */
    function sqrt(uint256 a) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        if (a == 0) {
            return 0;
        }

        // For our first guess, we get the biggest power of 2 which is smaller than the square root of the target.
        //
        // We know that the "msb" (most significant bit) of our target number `a` is a power of 2 such that we have
        // `msb(a) <= a < 2*msb(a)`. This value can be written `msb(a)=2**k` with `k=log2(a)`.
        //
        // This can be rewritten `2**log2(a) <= a < 2**(log2(a) + 1)`
        // → `sqrt(2**k) <= sqrt(a) < sqrt(2**(k+1))`
        // → `2**(k/2) <= sqrt(a) < 2**((k+1)/2) <= 2**(k/2 + 1)`
        //
        // Consequently, `2**(log2(a) / 2)` is a good first approximation of `sqrt(a)` with at least 1 correct bit.
        uint256 result = 1 << (log2(a) >> 1);

        // At this point `result` is an estimation with one bit of precision. We know the true value is a uint128,
        // since it is the square root of a uint256. Newton's method converges quadratically (precision doubles at
        // every iteration). We thus need at most 7 iteration to turn our partial result with one bit of precision
        // into the expected uint128 result.
        unchecked {
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            return min(result, a / result);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @notice Calculates sqrt(a), following the selected rounding direction.
     */
    function sqrt(uint256 a, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        unchecked {
            uint256 result = sqrt(a);
            return result + (rounding == Rounding.Up && result * result < a ? 1 : 0);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 2, rounded down, of a positive value.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     */
    function log2(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        uint256 result = 0;
        unchecked {
            if (value >> 128 > 0) {
                value >>= 128;
                result += 128;
            }
            if (value >> 64 > 0) {
                value >>= 64;
                result += 64;
            }
            if (value >> 32 > 0) {
                value >>= 32;
                result += 32;
            }
            if (value >> 16 > 0) {
                value >>= 16;
                result += 16;
            }
            if (value >> 8 > 0) {
                value >>= 8;
                result += 8;
            }
            if (value >> 4 > 0) {
                value >>= 4;
                result += 4;
            }
            if (value >> 2 > 0) {
                value >>= 2;
                result += 2;
            }
            if (value >> 1 > 0) {
                result += 1;
            }
        }
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 2, following the selected rounding direction, of a positive value.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     */
    function log2(uint256 value, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        unchecked {
            uint256 result = log2(value);
            return result + (rounding == Rounding.Up && 1 << result < value ? 1 : 0);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 10, rounded down, of a positive value.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     */
    function log10(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        uint256 result = 0;
        unchecked {
            if (value >= 10**64) {
                value /= 10**64;
                result += 64;
            }
            if (value >= 10**32) {
                value /= 10**32;
                result += 32;
            }
            if (value >= 10**16) {
                value /= 10**16;
                result += 16;
            }
            if (value >= 10**8) {
                value /= 10**8;
                result += 8;
            }
            if (value >= 10**4) {
                value /= 10**4;
                result += 4;
            }
            if (value >= 10**2) {
                value /= 10**2;
                result += 2;
            }
            if (value >= 10**1) {
                result += 1;
            }
        }
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 10, following the selected rounding direction, of a positive value.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     */
    function log10(uint256 value, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        unchecked {
            uint256 result = log10(value);
            return result + (rounding == Rounding.Up && 10**result < value ? 1 : 0);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 256, rounded down, of a positive value.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     *
     * Adding one to the result gives the number of pairs of hex symbols needed to represent `value` as a hex string.
     */
    function log256(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        uint256 result = 0;
        unchecked {
            if (value >> 128 > 0) {
                value >>= 128;
                result += 16;
            }
            if (value >> 64 > 0) {
                value >>= 64;
                result += 8;
            }
            if (value >> 32 > 0) {
                value >>= 32;
                result += 4;
            }
            if (value >> 16 > 0) {
                value >>= 16;
                result += 2;
            }
            if (value >> 8 > 0) {
                result += 1;
            }
        }
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 10, following the selected rounding direction, of a positive value.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     */
    function log256(uint256 value, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        unchecked {
            uint256 result = log256(value);
            return result + (rounding == Rounding.Up && 1 << (result * 8) < value ? 1 : 0);
        }
    }
}


/**
 * @dev Contract module which provides a basic access control mechanism, where
 * there is an account (an owner) that can be granted exclusive access to
 * specific functions.
 *
 * By default, the owner account will be the one that deploys the contract. This
 * can later be changed with {transferOwnership}.
 *
 * This module is used through inheritance. It will make available the modifier
 * `onlyOwner`, which can be applied to your functions to restrict their use to
 * the owner.
 */
abstract contract Ownable is Context {
    address private _owner;

    event OwnershipTransferred(address indexed previousOwner, address indexed newOwner);

    /**
     * @dev Initializes the contract setting the deployer as the initial owner.
     */
    constructor() {
        _transferOwnership(_msgSender());
    }

    /**
     * @dev Throws if called by any account other than the owner.
     */
    modifier onlyOwner() {
        _checkOwner();
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the address of the current owner.
     */
    function owner() public view virtual returns (address) {
        return _owner;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Throws if the sender is not the owner.
     */
    function _checkOwner() internal view virtual {
        require(owner() == _msgSender(), "Ownable: caller is not the owner");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Leaves the contract without owner. It will not be possible to call
     * `onlyOwner` functions anymore. Can only be called by the current owner.
     *
     * NOTE: Renouncing ownership will leave the contract without an owner,
     * thereby removing any functionality that is only available to the owner.
     */
    function renounceOwnership() public virtual onlyOwner {
        _transferOwnership(address(0));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`).
     * Can only be called by the current owner.
     */
    function transferOwnership(address newOwner) public virtual onlyOwner {
        require(newOwner != address(0), "Ownable: new owner is the zero address");
        _transferOwnership(newOwner);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`).
     * Internal function without access restriction.
     */
    function _transferOwnership(address newOwner) internal virtual {
        address oldOwner = _owner;
        _owner = newOwner;
        emit OwnershipTransferred(oldOwner, newOwner);
    }
}



/**
 * @dev Contract module which allows children to implement an emergency stop
 * mechanism that can be triggered by an authorized account.
 *
 * This module is used through inheritance. It will make available the
 * modifiers `whenNotPaused` and `whenPaused`, which can be applied to
 * the functions of your contract. Note that they will not be pausable by
 * simply including this module, only once the modifiers are put in place.
 */
abstract contract Pausable is Context {
    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the pause is triggered by `account`.
     */
    event Paused(address account);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the pause is lifted by `account`.
     */
    event Unpaused(address account);

    bool private _paused;

    /**
     * @dev Initializes the contract in unpaused state.
     */
    constructor() {
        _paused = false;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Modifier to make a function callable only when the contract is not paused.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The contract must not be paused.
     */
    modifier whenNotPaused() {
        _requireNotPaused();
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Modifier to make a function callable only when the contract is paused.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The contract must be paused.
     */
    modifier whenPaused() {
        _requirePaused();
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns true if the contract is paused, and false otherwise.
     */
    function paused() public view virtual returns (bool) {
        return _paused;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Throws if the contract is paused.
     */
    function _requireNotPaused() internal view virtual {
        require(!paused(), "Pausable: paused");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Throws if the contract is not paused.
     */
    function _requirePaused() internal view virtual {
        require(paused(), "Pausable: not paused");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Triggers stopped state.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The contract must not be paused.
     */
    function _pause() internal virtual whenNotPaused {
        _paused = true;
        emit Paused(_msgSender());
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns to normal state.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The contract must be paused.
     */
    function _unpause() internal virtual whenPaused {
        _paused = false;
        emit Unpaused(_msgSender());
    }
}

library BeamerUtils {
    function createRequestId(
        uint256 sourceChainId,
        uint256 targetChainId,
        address targetTokenAddress,
        address targetReceiverAddress,
        uint256 amount,
        uint96 nonce
    ) internal pure returns (bytes32) {
        return
            keccak256(
                abi.encodePacked(
                    sourceChainId,
                    targetChainId,
                    targetTokenAddress,
                    targetReceiverAddress,
                    amount,
                    nonce
                )
            );
    }
}

/// The messenger interface.
///
/// Implementations of this interface are expected to transport
/// messages across the L1 <-> L2 boundary. For instance,
/// if an implementation is deployed on L1, the :sol:func:`sendMessage`
/// would send a message to a L2 chain, as determined by the implementation.
/// In order to do this, a messenger implementation may use a native
/// messenger contract. In such cases, :sol:func:`nativeMessenger` must
/// return the address of the native messenger contract.
interface IMessenger {
    /// Send a message across the L1 <-> L2 boundary.
    ///
    /// @param target The message recipient.
    /// @param message The message.
    function sendMessage(address target, bytes calldata message) external;

    /// Return whether the call is allowed or not.
    ///
    /// @param caller The caller.
    /// @param courier The contract that is trying to deliver the message.
    function callAllowed(address caller, address courier)
        external
        view
        returns (bool);
}

/// A helper contract that provides a way to restrict callers of restricted functions
/// to a single address. This allows for a trusted call chain,
/// as described in :ref:`contracts' architecture <contracts-architecture>`.
contract RestrictedCalls is Ownable {
    /// Maps caller chain IDs to tuples [caller, messenger].
    ///
    /// For same-chain calls, the messenger address is 0x0.
    mapping(uint256 => address[2]) public callers;

    function _addCaller(
        uint256 callerChainId,
        address caller,
        address messenger
    ) internal {
        require(caller != address(0), "RestrictedCalls: caller cannot be 0");
        require(
            callers[callerChainId][0] == address(0),
            "RestrictedCalls: caller already exists"
        );
        callers[callerChainId] = [caller, messenger];
    }

    /// Allow calls from an address on the same chain.
    ///
    /// @param caller The caller.
    function addCaller(address caller) external onlyOwner {
        _addCaller(block.chainid, caller, address(0));
    }

    /// Allow calls from an address on another chain.
    ///
    /// @param callerChainId The caller's chain ID.
    /// @param caller The caller.
    /// @param messenger The messenger.
    function addCaller(
        uint256 callerChainId,
        address caller,
        address messenger
    ) external onlyOwner {
        _addCaller(callerChainId, caller, messenger);
    }

    /// Mark the function as restricted.
    ///
    /// Calls to the restricted function can only come from an address that
    /// was previously added by a call to :sol:func:`addCaller`.
    ///
    /// Example usage::
    ///
    ///     restricted(block.chainid)   // expecting calls from the same chain
    ///     restricted(otherChainId)    // expecting calls from another chain
    ///
    modifier restricted(uint256 callerChainId) {
        address caller = callers[callerChainId][0];

        if (callerChainId == block.chainid) {
            require(msg.sender == caller, "RestrictedCalls: call disallowed");
        } else {
            address messenger = callers[callerChainId][1];
            require(
                messenger != address(0),
                "RestrictedCalls: messenger not set"
            );
            require(
                IMessenger(messenger).callAllowed(caller, msg.sender),
                "RestrictedCalls: call disallowed"
            );
        }
        _;
    }
}

/// Liquidity Provider Whitelist.
///
/// This contract describes the concept of a whitelist for allowed Lps. RequestManager and FillManager
/// inherit from this contract.
contract LpWhitelist is Ownable {
    /// Emitted when a liquidity provider has been added to the set of allowed
    /// liquidity providers.
    ///
    /// .. seealso:: :sol:func:`addAllowedLp`
    event LpAdded(address lp);

    /// Emitted when a liquidity provider has been removed from the set of allowed
    /// liquidity providers.
    ///
    /// .. seealso:: :sol:func:`removeAllowedLp`
    event LpRemoved(address lp);

    /// The mapping indicating whether liquidity providers have allowance or not
    mapping(address => bool) public allowedLps;

    /// Modifier to check whether the passed address is an allowed LP
    modifier onlyAllowed(address addressToCheck) {
        require(allowedLps[addressToCheck], "Not allowed");
        _;
    }

    /// Add a liquidity provider to the set of allowed liquidity providers.
    ///
    /// .. note:: This function can only be called by the contract owner.
    ///
    /// @param newLp The liquidity provider.
    function addAllowedLp(address newLp) public onlyOwner {
        allowedLps[newLp] = true;

        emit LpAdded(newLp);
    }

    /// Remove a liquidity provider from the set of allowed liquidity providers.
    ///
    /// .. note:: This function can only be called by the contract owner.
    ///
    /// @param oldLp The liquidity provider.
    function removeAllowedLp(address oldLp) public onlyOwner {
        delete allowedLps[oldLp];

        emit LpRemoved(oldLp);
    }
}

/// The request manager.
///
/// This contract is responsible for keeping track of transfer requests,
/// implementing the rules of the challenge game and holding deposited
/// tokens until they are withdrawn.
/// The information passed by L1 resolution will be stored with the respective requests.
///
/// It is the only contract that agents need to interact with on the source chain.
/// .. note::
///
///   The functions resolveRequest and invalidateFill can only be called by
///   the :sol:contract:`Resolver` contract, via a chain-dependent messenger contract.
contract RequestManager is Ownable, LpWhitelist, RestrictedCalls, Pausable {
    using Math for uint256;
    using SafeERC20 for IERC20;

    // Structs
    // TODO: check if we can use a smaller type for `targetChainId`, so that the
    // fields can be packed into one storage slot
    struct Request {
        address sender;
        address sourceTokenAddress;
        uint256 targetChainId;
        uint256 amount;
        uint32 validUntil;
        uint96 lpFee;
        uint96 protocolFee;
        uint32 activeClaims;
        uint96 withdrawClaimId;
        address filler;
        bytes32 fillId;
        mapping(bytes32 => bool) invalidFillIds;
    }

    struct Claim {
        bytes32 requestId;
        address claimer;
        uint96 claimerStake;
        mapping(address => uint96) challengersStakes;
        address lastChallenger;
        uint96 challengerStakeTotal;
        uint256 withdrawnAmount;
        uint256 termination;
        bytes32 fillId;
    }

    struct Token {
        uint256 transferLimit;
        uint96 minLpFee;
        uint32 lpFeePPM;
        uint32 protocolFeePPM;
        uint96 collectedProtocolFees;
    }

    // Events

    /// Emitted when a new request has been created.
    ///
    /// .. seealso:: :sol:func:`createRequest`
    event RequestCreated(
        bytes32 indexed requestId,
        uint256 targetChainId,
        address sourceTokenAddress,
        address targetTokenAddress,
        address indexed sourceAddress,
        address targetAddress,
        uint256 amount,
        uint96 nonce,
        uint32 validUntil
    );

    /// Emitted when the token deposit for request ``requestId`` has been
    /// transferred to the ``receiver``.
    ///
    /// This can happen in two cases:
    ///
    ///  * the request expired and the request submitter called :sol:func:`withdrawExpiredRequest`
    ///  * a claim related to the request has been resolved successfully in favor of the claimer
    ///
    /// .. seealso:: :sol:func:`withdraw` :sol:func:`withdrawExpiredRequest`
    event DepositWithdrawn(bytes32 requestId, address receiver);

    /// Emitted when a claim or a counter-claim (challenge) has been made.
    ///
    /// .. seealso:: :sol:func:`claimRequest` :sol:func:`challengeClaim`
    event ClaimMade(
        bytes32 indexed requestId,
        uint96 claimId,
        address claimer,
        uint96 claimerStake,
        address lastChallenger,
        uint96 challengerStakeTotal,
        uint256 termination,
        bytes32 fillId
    );

    /// Emitted when staked native tokens tied to a claim have been withdrawn.
    ///
    /// This can only happen when the claim has been resolved and the caller
    /// of :sol:func:`withdraw` is allowed to withdraw their stake.
    ///
    /// .. seealso:: :sol:func:`withdraw`
    event ClaimStakeWithdrawn(
        uint96 claimId,
        bytes32 indexed requestId,
        address stakeRecipient
    );

    event FinalityPeriodUpdated(uint256 targetChainId, uint256 finalityPeriod);

    /// Emitted when token object of a token address is updated.
    ///
    /// .. seealso:: :sol:func:`updateToken`
    event TokenUpdated(
        address tokenAddress,
        uint256 transferLimit,
        uint96 minLpFee,
        uint32 lpFeePPM,
        uint32 protocolFeePPM
    );

    /// Emitted when a request has been resolved via L1 resolution.
    ///
    /// .. seealso:: :sol:func:`resolveRequest`
    event RequestResolved(bytes32 requestId, address filler, bytes32 fillId);

    /// Emitted when an invalidated fill has been resolved.
    ///
    /// .. seealso:: :sol:func:`invalidateFill`
    event FillInvalidatedResolved(bytes32 requestId, bytes32 fillId);

    // Constants

    /// The minimum amount of source chain's native token that the claimer needs to
    /// provide when making a claim, as well in each round of the challenge game.
    uint96 public immutable claimStake;

    /// The additional time given to claim a request. This value is added to the
    /// validity period of a request.
    uint256 public immutable claimRequestExtension;

    /// The period for which the claim is valid.
    uint256 public immutable claimPeriod;

    /// The period by which the termination time of a claim is extended after each
    /// round of the challenge game. This period should allow enough time for the
    /// other parties to counter-challenge.
    ///
    /// .. note::
    ///
    ///    The claim's termination time is extended only if it is less than the
    ///    extension time.
    ///
    /// Note that in the first challenge round, i.e. the round initiated by the first
    /// challenger, the termination time is extended additionally by the finality
    /// period of the target chain. This is done to allow for L1 resolution.
    uint256 public immutable challengePeriodExtension;

    /// The minimum validity period of a request.
    uint256 public constant MIN_VALIDITY_PERIOD = 30 minutes;

    /// The maximum validity period of a request.
    uint256 public constant MAX_VALIDITY_PERIOD = 48 hours;

    /// withdrawClaimId is set to this value when an expired request gets withdrawn by the sender
    uint96 public constant CLAIM_ID_WITHDRAWN_EXPIRED = type(uint96).max;

    // Variables

    /// A counter used to generate request and claim IDs.
    /// The variable holds the most recently used nonce and must
    /// be incremented to get the next nonce
    uint96 public currentNonce;

    /// Maps target rollup chain IDs to finality periods.
    /// Finality periods are in seconds.
    mapping(uint256 => uint256) public finalityPeriods;

    /// Maps request IDs to requests.
    mapping(bytes32 => Request) public requests;

    /// Maps claim IDs to claims.
    mapping(uint96 => Claim) public claims;

    /// Maps ERC20 token address to tokens
    mapping(address => Token) public tokens;

    /// Compute the liquidity provider fee that needs to be paid for a given transfer amount.
    function lpFee(address tokenAddress, uint256 amount)
        public
        view
        returns (uint256)
    {
        Token storage token = tokens[tokenAddress];
        return Math.max(token.minLpFee, (amount * token.lpFeePPM) / 1_000_000);
    }

    /// Compute the protocol fee that needs to be paid for a given transfer amount.
    function protocolFee(address tokenAddress, uint256 amount)
        public
        view
        returns (uint256)
    {
        return (amount * tokens[tokenAddress].protocolFeePPM) / 1_000_000;
    }

    /// Compute the total fee that needs to be paid for a given transfer amount.
    /// The total fee is the sum of the liquidity provider fee and the protocol fee.
    function totalFee(address tokenAddress, uint256 amount)
        public
        view
        returns (uint256)
    {
        return lpFee(tokenAddress, amount) + protocolFee(tokenAddress, amount);
    }

    // Modifiers

    /// Check whether a given request ID is valid.
    modifier validRequestId(bytes32 requestId) {
        require(
            requests[requestId].sender != address(0),
            "requestId not valid"
        );
        _;
    }

    /// Check whether a given claim ID is valid.
    modifier validClaimId(uint96 claimId) {
        require(claims[claimId].claimer != address(0), "claimId not valid");
        _;
    }

    /// Constructor.
    ///
    /// @param _claimStake Claim stake amount.
    /// @param _claimRequestExtension Extension to claim a request after validity period ends.
    /// @param _claimPeriod Claim period, in seconds.
    /// @param _challengePeriodExtension Challenge period extension, in seconds.
    constructor(
        uint96 _claimStake,
        uint256 _claimRequestExtension,
        uint256 _claimPeriod,
        uint256 _challengePeriodExtension
    ) {
        claimStake = _claimStake;
        claimRequestExtension = _claimRequestExtension;
        claimPeriod = _claimPeriod;
        challengePeriodExtension = _challengePeriodExtension;
    }

    /// Create a new transfer request.
    ///
    /// @param targetChainId ID of the target chain.
    /// @param sourceTokenAddress Address of the token contract on the source chain.
    /// @param targetTokenAddress Address of the token contract on the target chain.
    /// @param targetAddress Recipient address on the target chain.
    /// @param amount Amount of tokens to transfer. Does not include fees.
    /// @param validityPeriod The number of seconds the request is to be considered valid.
    ///                       Once its validity period has elapsed, the request cannot be claimed
    ///                       anymore and will eventually expire, allowing the request submitter
    ///                       to withdraw the deposited tokens if there are no active claims.
    /// @return ID of the newly created request.
    function createRequest(
        uint256 targetChainId,
        address sourceTokenAddress,
        address targetTokenAddress,
        address targetAddress,
        uint256 amount,
        uint256 validityPeriod
    ) external whenNotPaused returns (bytes32) {
        require(
            finalityPeriods[targetChainId] != 0,
            "Target rollup not supported"
        );
        require(
            validityPeriod >= MIN_VALIDITY_PERIOD,
            "Validity period too short"
        );
        require(
            validityPeriod <= MAX_VALIDITY_PERIOD,
            "Validity period too long"
        );
        require(
            amount <= tokens[sourceTokenAddress].transferLimit,
            "Amount exceeds transfer limit"
        );

        uint256 lpFeeTokenAmount = lpFee(sourceTokenAddress, amount);
        uint256 protocolFeeTokenAmount = protocolFee(
            sourceTokenAddress,
            amount
        );

        require(
            IERC20(sourceTokenAddress).allowance(msg.sender, address(this)) >=
                amount + lpFeeTokenAmount + protocolFeeTokenAmount,
            "Insufficient allowance"
        );

        uint96 nonce = currentNonce + 1;
        currentNonce = nonce;

        bytes32 requestId = BeamerUtils.createRequestId(
            block.chainid,
            targetChainId,
            targetTokenAddress,
            targetAddress,
            amount,
            nonce
        );

        Request storage newRequest = requests[requestId];
        newRequest.sender = msg.sender;
        newRequest.sourceTokenAddress = sourceTokenAddress;
        newRequest.targetChainId = targetChainId;
        newRequest.amount = amount;
        newRequest.validUntil = uint32(block.timestamp + validityPeriod);
        newRequest.lpFee = uint96(lpFeeTokenAmount);
        newRequest.protocolFee = uint96(protocolFeeTokenAmount);

        emit RequestCreated(
            requestId,
            targetChainId,
            sourceTokenAddress,
            targetTokenAddress,
            msg.sender,
            targetAddress,
            amount,
            nonce,
            uint32(block.timestamp + validityPeriod)
        );

        IERC20(sourceTokenAddress).safeTransferFrom(
            msg.sender,
            address(this),
            amount + lpFeeTokenAmount + protocolFeeTokenAmount
        );

        return requestId;
    }

    /// Withdraw funds deposited with an expired request.
    ///
    /// No claims must be active for the request.
    ///
    /// @param requestId ID of the expired request.
    function withdrawExpiredRequest(bytes32 requestId)
        external
        validRequestId(requestId)
    {
        Request storage request = requests[requestId];

        require(request.withdrawClaimId == 0, "Deposit already withdrawn");
        require(
            block.timestamp >= request.validUntil,
            "Request not expired yet"
        );
        require(request.activeClaims == 0, "Active claims running");

        request.withdrawClaimId = CLAIM_ID_WITHDRAWN_EXPIRED;

        emit DepositWithdrawn(requestId, request.sender);

        IERC20 token = IERC20(request.sourceTokenAddress);
        token.safeTransfer(
            request.sender,
            request.amount + request.lpFee + request.protocolFee
        );
    }

    /// Claim that a request was filled by the caller.
    ///
    /// The request must still be valid at call time.
    /// The caller must provide the ``claimStake`` amount of source rollup's native
    /// token.
    ///
    /// @param requestId ID of the request.
    /// @param fillId The fill ID.
    /// @return The claim ID.
    function claimRequest(bytes32 requestId, bytes32 fillId)
        external
        payable
        validRequestId(requestId)
        onlyAllowed(msg.sender)
        returns (uint96)
    {
        return claimRequest(msg.sender, requestId, fillId);
    }

    /// Claim that a request was filled.
    ///
    /// The request must still be valid at call time.
    /// The caller must provide the ``claimStake`` amount of source rollup's native
    /// token.
    /// Only the claimer may get the stake back later.
    ///
    /// @param claimer Address of the claimer.
    /// @param requestId ID of the request.
    /// @param fillId The fill ID.
    /// @return The claim ID.
    function claimRequest(
        address claimer,
        bytes32 requestId,
        bytes32 fillId
    )
        public
        payable
        validRequestId(requestId)
        onlyAllowed(claimer)
        returns (uint96)
    {
        Request storage request = requests[requestId];

        require(
            block.timestamp < request.validUntil + claimRequestExtension,
            "Request cannot be claimed anymore"
        );
        require(request.withdrawClaimId == 0, "Deposit already withdrawn");
        require(msg.value == claimStake, "Invalid stake amount");
        require(fillId != bytes32(0), "FillId must not be 0x0");

        request.activeClaims += 1;

        uint96 nonce = currentNonce + 1;
        currentNonce = nonce;
        uint256 termination = block.timestamp + claimPeriod;

        Claim storage claim = claims[nonce];
        claim.requestId = requestId;
        claim.claimer = claimer;
        claim.claimerStake = uint96(msg.value);
        claim.termination = termination;
        claim.fillId = fillId;

        emit ClaimMade(
            requestId,
            nonce,
            claimer,
            uint96(msg.value),
            address(0),
            0,
            termination,
            fillId
        );

        return nonce;
    }

    /// Challenge an existing claim.
    ///
    /// The claim must still be valid at call time.
    /// This function implements one round of the challenge game.
    /// The original claimer is allowed to call this function only
    /// after someone else made a challenge, i.e. every second round.
    /// However, once the original claimer counter-challenges, anyone
    /// can join the game and make another challenge.
    ///
    /// The caller must provide enough native tokens as their stake.
    /// For the original claimer, the minimum stake is
    /// ``challengerStakeTotal - claimerStake + claimStake``.
    ///
    /// For challengers, the minimum stake is
    /// ``claimerStake - challengerStakeTotal + 1``.
    ///
    /// An example (time flows downwards, claimStake = 10)::
    ///
    ///   claimRequest() by Max [stakes 10]
    ///   challengeClaim() by Alice [stakes 11]
    ///   challengeClaim() by Max [stakes 11]
    ///   challengeClaim() by Bob [stakes 16]
    ///
    /// In this example, if Max didn't want to lose the challenge game to
    /// Alice and Bob, he would have to challenge with a stake of at least 16.
    ///
    /// @param claimId The claim ID.
    function challengeClaim(uint96 claimId)
        external
        payable
        validClaimId(claimId)
    {
        Claim storage claim = claims[claimId];
        bytes32 requestId = claim.requestId;
        uint256 termination = claim.termination;
        require(block.timestamp < termination, "Claim expired");
        require(
            requests[requestId].filler == address(0),
            "Request already resolved"
        );
        require(
            !requests[requestId].invalidFillIds[claim.fillId],
            "Fill already invalidated"
        );

        uint256 periodExtension = challengePeriodExtension;
        address claimer = claim.claimer;
        uint96 claimerStake = claim.claimerStake;
        uint96 challengerStakeTotal = claim.challengerStakeTotal;

        if (claimerStake > challengerStakeTotal) {
            if (challengerStakeTotal == 0) {
                periodExtension += finalityPeriods[
                    requests[requestId].targetChainId
                ];
            }
            require(msg.sender != claimer, "Cannot challenge own claim");
            require(
                msg.value >= claimerStake - challengerStakeTotal + 1,
                "Not enough stake provided"
            );
        } else {
            require(msg.sender == claimer, "Not eligible to outbid");
            require(
                msg.value >= challengerStakeTotal - claimerStake + claimStake,
                "Not enough stake provided"
            );
        }

        if (msg.sender == claimer) {
            claimerStake += uint96(msg.value);
            claim.claimerStake = claimerStake;
        } else {
            claim.lastChallenger = msg.sender;
            claim.challengersStakes[msg.sender] += uint96(msg.value);
            challengerStakeTotal += uint96(msg.value);
            claim.challengerStakeTotal = challengerStakeTotal;
        }

        if (block.timestamp + periodExtension > termination) {
            termination = block.timestamp + periodExtension;
            claim.termination = termination;
        }

        emit ClaimMade(
            requestId,
            claimId,
            claimer,
            claimerStake,
            claim.lastChallenger,
            challengerStakeTotal,
            termination,
            claim.fillId
        );
    }

    /// Withdraw the deposit that the request submitter left with the contract,
    /// as well as the staked native tokens associated with the claim.
    ///
    /// In case the caller of this function is a challenger that won the game,
    /// they will only get their staked native tokens plus the reward in the form
    /// of full (sole challenger) or partial (multiple challengers) amount
    /// of native tokens staked by the dishonest claimer.
    ///
    /// @param claimId The claim ID.
    /// @return The claim stakes receiver.
    function withdraw(uint96 claimId)
        external
        validClaimId(claimId)
        returns (address)
    {
        return withdraw(msg.sender, claimId);
    }

    /// Withdraw the deposit that the request submitter left with the contract,
    /// as well as the staked native tokens associated with the claim.
    ///
    /// This function is called on behalf of a participant. Only a participant
    /// may receive the funds if he is the winner of the challenge or the claim is valid.
    ///
    /// In case the caller of this function is a challenger that won the game,
    /// they will only get their staked native tokens plus the reward in the form
    /// of full (sole challenger) or partial (multiple challengers) amount
    /// of native tokens staked by the dishonest claimer.
    ///
    /// @param claimId The claim ID.
    /// @param participant The participant.
    /// @return The claim stakes receiver.
    function withdraw(address participant, uint96 claimId)
        public
        validClaimId(claimId)
        returns (address)
    {
        Claim storage claim = claims[claimId];
        address claimer = claim.claimer;
        require(
            participant == claimer || claim.challengersStakes[participant] > 0,
            "Not an active participant in this claim"
        );
        bytes32 requestId = claim.requestId;
        Request storage request = requests[requestId];

        (address stakeRecipient, uint256 ethToTransfer) = resolveClaim(
            participant,
            claimId
        );

        if (claim.challengersStakes[stakeRecipient] > 0) {
            //Re-entrancy protection
            claim.challengersStakes[stakeRecipient] = 0;
        }

        uint256 withdrawnAmount = claim.withdrawnAmount;

        // First time withdraw is called, remove it from active claims
        if (withdrawnAmount == 0) {
            request.activeClaims -= 1;
        }
        withdrawnAmount += ethToTransfer;
        claim.withdrawnAmount = withdrawnAmount;

        require(
            withdrawnAmount <= claim.claimerStake + claim.challengerStakeTotal,
            "Amount to withdraw too large"
        );

        (bool sent, ) = stakeRecipient.call{value: ethToTransfer}("");
        require(sent, "Failed to send Ether");

        emit ClaimStakeWithdrawn(claimId, requestId, stakeRecipient);

        if (request.withdrawClaimId == 0 && stakeRecipient == claimer) {
            withdrawDeposit(request, claimId);
        }

        return stakeRecipient;
    }

    function resolveClaim(address participant, uint96 claimId)
        private
        view
        returns (address, uint256)
    {
        Claim storage claim = claims[claimId];
        Request storage request = requests[claim.requestId];
        uint96 withdrawClaimId = request.withdrawClaimId;
        address claimer = claim.claimer;
        uint96 claimerStake = claim.claimerStake;
        uint96 challengerStakeTotal = claim.challengerStakeTotal;
        require(
            claim.withdrawnAmount < claimerStake + challengerStakeTotal,
            "Claim already withdrawn"
        );

        bool claimValid = false;

        // The claim is resolved with the following priority:
        // 1) The l1 resolved filler is the claimer and l1 resolved fillId matches, claim is valid
        // 2) FillId is true in request's invalidFillIds, claim is invalid
        // 3) The withdrawer's claim matches exactly this claim (same claimer address, same fillId)
        // 4) Claim properties, claim terminated and claimer has the highest stake
        address filler = request.filler;
        bytes32 fillId = request.fillId;

        if (filler != address(0)) {
            // Claim resolution via 1)
            claimValid = filler == claimer && fillId == claim.fillId;
        } else if (request.invalidFillIds[fillId]) {
            // Claim resolution via 2)
            claimValid = false;
        } else if (withdrawClaimId != 0) {
            // Claim resolution via 3)
            claimValid =
                claimer == claims[withdrawClaimId].claimer &&
                claim.fillId == claims[withdrawClaimId].fillId;
        } else {
            // Claim resolution via 4)
            require(
                block.timestamp >= claim.termination,
                "Claim period not finished"
            );
            claimValid = claimerStake > challengerStakeTotal;
        }

        // Calculate withdraw scheme for claim stakes
        uint96 ethToTransfer;
        address stakeRecipient;

        if (claimValid) {
            // If claim is valid, all stakes go to the claimer
            stakeRecipient = claimer;
            ethToTransfer = claimerStake + challengerStakeTotal;
        } else if (challengerStakeTotal > 0) {
            // If claim is invalid, partial withdrawal by the participant
            stakeRecipient = participant;
            ethToTransfer = 2 * claim.challengersStakes[stakeRecipient];
            require(ethToTransfer > 0, "Challenger has nothing to withdraw");
        } else {
            // The unlikely event is possible that a false claim has no challenger
            // If it is known that the claim is false then the claimer stake goes to the platform
            stakeRecipient = owner();
            ethToTransfer = claimerStake;
        }

        // If the challenger wins and is the last challenger, he gets either
        // twice his stake plus the excess stake (if the claimer was winning), or
        // twice his stake minus the difference between the claimer and challenger stakes (if the claimer was losing)
        if (stakeRecipient == claim.lastChallenger) {
            if (claimerStake > challengerStakeTotal) {
                ethToTransfer += (claimerStake - challengerStakeTotal);
            } else {
                ethToTransfer -= (challengerStakeTotal - claimerStake);
            }
        }

        return (stakeRecipient, ethToTransfer);
    }

    function withdrawDeposit(Request storage request, uint96 claimId) private {
        Claim storage claim = claims[claimId];
        address claimer = claim.claimer;
        emit DepositWithdrawn(claim.requestId, claimer);

        request.withdrawClaimId = claimId;

        tokens[request.sourceTokenAddress].collectedProtocolFees += request
            .protocolFee;

        IERC20 token = IERC20(request.sourceTokenAddress);
        token.safeTransfer(claimer, request.amount + request.lpFee);
    }

    /// Returns whether a request's deposit was withdrawn or not
    ///
    /// This can be true in two cases:
    /// 1. The deposit was withdrawn after the request was claimed and filled.
    /// 2. The submitter withdrew the deposit after the request's expiry.
    /// .. seealso:: :sol:func:`withdraw`
    /// .. seealso:: :sol:func:`withdrawExpiredRequest`
    ///
    /// @param requestId The request ID
    /// @return Whether the deposit corresponding to the given request ID was withdrawn
    function isWithdrawn(bytes32 requestId)
        public
        view
        validRequestId(requestId)
        returns (bool)
    {
        return requests[requestId].withdrawClaimId != 0;
    }

    /// Withdraw protocol fees collected by the contract.
    ///
    /// Protocol fees are paid in token transferred.
    ///
    /// .. note:: This function can only be called by the contract owner.
    ///
    /// @param tokenAddress The address of the token contract.
    /// @param recipient The address the fees should be sent to.
    function withdrawProtocolFees(address tokenAddress, address recipient)
        external
        onlyOwner
    {
        uint256 amount = tokens[tokenAddress].collectedProtocolFees;
        require(amount > 0, "Protocol fee is zero");
        tokens[tokenAddress].collectedProtocolFees = 0;

        IERC20 token = IERC20(tokenAddress);
        token.safeTransfer(recipient, amount);
    }

    function updateToken(
        address tokenAddress,
        uint256 transferLimit,
        uint96 minLpFee,
        uint32 lpFeePPM,
        uint32 protocolFeePPM
    ) external onlyOwner {
        require(lpFeePPM <= 999_999, "Maximum PPM of 999999 exceeded");
        require(protocolFeePPM <= 999_999, "Maximum PPM of 999999 exceeded");

        Token storage token = tokens[tokenAddress];
        token.transferLimit = transferLimit;
        token.minLpFee = minLpFee;
        token.lpFeePPM = lpFeePPM;
        token.protocolFeePPM = protocolFeePPM;

        emit TokenUpdated(
            tokenAddress,
            transferLimit,
            minLpFee,
            lpFeePPM,
            protocolFeePPM
        );
    }

    /// Set the finality period for the given target chain.
    ///
    /// .. note:: This function can only be called by the contract owner.
    ///
    /// @param targetChainId The target chain ID.
    /// @param finalityPeriod Finality period in seconds.
    function setFinalityPeriod(uint256 targetChainId, uint256 finalityPeriod)
        external
        onlyOwner
    {
        require(finalityPeriod > 0, "Finality period must be greater than 0");
        finalityPeriods[targetChainId] = finalityPeriod;

        emit FinalityPeriodUpdated(targetChainId, finalityPeriod);
    }

    /// Returns whether a fill is invalidated or not
    ///
    /// Calling invalidateFill() will set this boolean to true,
    /// marking that the ``fillId`` for the corresponding ``requestId`` was
    /// invalidated.
    /// Calling resolveRequest will validate it again, setting request.invalidatedFills[fillId]
    /// to false.
    /// .. seealso:: :sol:func:`invalidateFill`
    /// .. seealso:: :sol:func:`resolveRequest`
    ///
    /// @param requestId The request ID
    /// @param fillId The fill ID
    /// @return Whether the fill ID is invalid for the given request ID
    function isInvalidFill(bytes32 requestId, bytes32 fillId)
        public
        view
        returns (bool)
    {
        return requests[requestId].invalidFillIds[fillId];
    }

    /// Mark the request identified by ``requestId`` as filled by ``filler``.
    ///
    /// .. note::
    ///
    ///     This function is a restricted call function. Only callable by the added caller.
    ///
    /// @param requestId The request ID.
    /// @param fillId The fill ID.
    /// @param resolutionChainId The resolution (L1) chain ID.
    /// @param filler The address that filled the request.
    function resolveRequest(
        bytes32 requestId,
        bytes32 fillId,
        uint256 resolutionChainId,
        address filler
    ) external restricted(resolutionChainId) {
        Request storage request = requests[requestId];
        request.filler = filler;
        request.fillId = fillId;

        request.invalidFillIds[fillId] = false;

        emit RequestResolved(requestId, filler, fillId);
    }

    /// Mark the fill identified by ``requestId`` and ``fillId`` as invalid.
    ///
    /// .. note::
    ///
    ///     This function is a restricted call function. Only callable by the added caller.
    ///
    /// @param requestId The request ID.
    /// @param fillId The fill ID.
    /// @param resolutionChainId The resolution (L1) chain ID.
    function invalidateFill(
        bytes32 requestId,
        bytes32 fillId,
        uint256 resolutionChainId
    ) external restricted(resolutionChainId) {
        Request storage request = requests[requestId];
        require(
            request.filler == address(0),
            "Cannot invalidate resolved fills"
        );
        require(
            request.invalidFillIds[fillId] == false,
            "Fill already invalidated"
        );

        request.invalidFillIds[fillId] = true;

        emit FillInvalidatedResolved(requestId, fillId);
    }

    /// Pauses the contract.
    ///
    /// Once the contract is paused, it cannot be used to create new
    /// requests anymore. Withdrawing deposited funds and claim stakes
    /// still works, though.
    ///
    /// .. note:: This function can only be called when the contract is not paused.
    /// .. note:: This function can only be called by the contract owner.
    function pause() external onlyOwner {
        _pause();
    }

    /// Unpauses the contract.
    ///
    /// Once the contract is unpaused, it can be used normally.
    ///
    /// .. note:: This function can only be called when the contract is paused.
    /// .. note:: This function can only be called by the contract owner.
    function unpause() external onlyOwner {
        _unpause();
    }
}

/// The resolver.
///
/// This contract resides on the L1 chain and is tasked with receiving the
/// fill or non-fill proofs from the target L2 chain and forwarding them to
/// the :sol:contract:`RequestManager` on the source L2 chain.
contract Resolver is Ownable, RestrictedCalls {
    struct SourceChainInfo {
        address requestManager;
        address messenger;
    }

    /// Emitted when a fill or a non-fill proof is received and sent to the request manager.
    ///
    /// .. note:: In case of a non-fill proof, the ``filler`` will be zero.
    event Resolution(
        uint256 sourceChainId,
        uint256 fillChainId,
        bytes32 requestId,
        address filler,
        bytes32 fillId
    );

    /// Maps source chain IDs to source chain infos.
    mapping(uint256 => SourceChainInfo) public sourceChainInfos;

    /// Resolve the specified request.
    ///
    /// This marks the request identified by ``requestId`` as filled by ``filler``.
    /// If the ``filler`` is zero, the fill will be marked invalid.
    ///
    /// Information about the fill will be sent to the source chain's :sol:contract:`RequestManager`,
    /// using the messenger responsible for the source chain.
    ///
    /// .. note::
    ///
    ///     This function is callable only by the native L1 messenger contract,
    ///     which simply delivers the message sent from the target chain by the
    ///     Beamer's L2 :sol:interface:`messenger <IMessenger>` contract.
    ///
    /// @param requestId The request ID.
    /// @param fillId The fill ID.
    /// @param fillChainId The fill (target) chain ID.
    /// @param sourceChainId The source chain ID.
    /// @param filler The address that filled the request, or zero to invalidate the fill.
    function resolve(
        bytes32 requestId,
        bytes32 fillId,
        uint256 fillChainId,
        uint256 sourceChainId,
        address filler
    ) external restricted(fillChainId) {
        SourceChainInfo memory info = sourceChainInfos[sourceChainId];
        require(
            info.requestManager != address(0),
            "No request manager available for source chain"
        );
        require(
            info.messenger != address(0),
            "No messenger available for source chain"
        );

        bytes memory message;

        if (filler == address(0)) {
            message = abi.encodeCall(
                RequestManager.invalidateFill,
                (requestId, fillId, block.chainid)
            );
        } else {
            message = abi.encodeCall(
                RequestManager.resolveRequest,
                (requestId, fillId, block.chainid, filler)
            );
        }

        IMessenger messenger = IMessenger(info.messenger);
        messenger.sendMessage(info.requestManager, message);

        emit Resolution(sourceChainId, fillChainId, requestId, filler, fillId);
    }

    /// Add a request manager.
    ///
    /// In order to be able to send messages to the :sol:contract:`RequestManager`,
    /// the resolver contract needs to know the address of the request manager on the source
    /// chain, as well as the address of the messenger contract responsible for
    /// transferring messages to the L2 chain.
    ///
    /// .. note:: This function can only be called by the contract owner.
    ///
    /// @param chainId The source L2 chain ID.
    /// @param requestManager The request manager.
    /// @param messenger The messenger contract responsible for chain ``chainId``.
    ///                  Must implement :sol:interface:`IMessenger`.
    function addRequestManager(
        uint256 chainId,
        address requestManager,
        address messenger
    ) external onlyOwner {
        sourceChainInfos[chainId] = SourceChainInfo(requestManager, messenger);
    }
}


/// The fill manager.
///
/// This contract is responsible for keeping track of filled requests. In addition to allowing
/// agents to (eventually) prove that they filled requests, it also allows anyone to invalidate
/// a claim that a request was filled.
///
/// It is the only contract that agents need to interact with on the target chain.
contract FillManager is Ownable, LpWhitelist {
    using SafeERC20 for IERC20;

    /// Emitted when a request has been filled.
    ///
    /// .. seealso:: :sol:func:`fillRequest`
    event RequestFilled(
        bytes32 indexed requestId,
        bytes32 fillId,
        uint256 indexed sourceChainId,
        address indexed targetTokenAddress,
        address filler,
        uint256 amount
    );

    /// Emitted when a fill has been invalidated.
    ///
    /// .. seealso:: :sol:func:`invalidateFill`
    event FillInvalidated(bytes32 indexed requestId, bytes32 indexed fillId);

    // The messenger to send messages to L1
    //
    // It is used to send proofs to L1. The specific implementation of the
    // :sol:interface:`IMessenger` interface is chain-dependent.
    IMessenger public immutable messenger;

    /// The L1 :sol:contract:`Resolver` contract to be used for L1 resolution.
    address public l1Resolver;

    /// Maps request IDs to fill IDs.
    mapping(bytes32 => bytes32) public fills;

    /// Constructor.
    ///
    /// @param _messenger The messenger.
    constructor(address _messenger) {
        messenger = IMessenger(_messenger);
    }

    /// Set the resolver's address
    ///
    /// Can only ever be set once. Before it is set, no fills or invalidations are possible
    ///
    /// @param _l1Resolver The L1 resolver address
    function setResolver(address _l1Resolver) public onlyOwner {
        require(l1Resolver == address(0), "Resolver already set");
        l1Resolver = _l1Resolver;
    }

    /// Fill the specified request.
    ///
    /// The caller must have approved at least ``amount`` tokens for :sol:contract:`FillManager`
    /// with the ERC20 token contract at ``targetTokenAddress``. The tokens will be immediately
    /// sent to ``targetReceiverAddress`` and a fill proof will be generated, which can later
    /// be used to trigger L1 resolution, if needed.
    ///
    /// @param sourceChainId The source chain ID.
    /// @param targetTokenAddress Address of the token contract on the target chain.
    /// @param targetReceiverAddress Recipient address on the target chain.
    /// @param amount Amount of tokens to transfer. Does not include fees.
    /// @param nonce The nonce used to create the request ID.
    /// @return The fill ID.
    function fillRequest(
        uint256 sourceChainId,
        address targetTokenAddress,
        address targetReceiverAddress,
        uint256 amount,
        uint96 nonce
    ) external onlyAllowed(msg.sender) returns (bytes32) {
        address _l1Resolver = l1Resolver;
        require(_l1Resolver != address(0), "Resolver address not set");
        bytes32 requestId = BeamerUtils.createRequestId(
            sourceChainId,
            block.chainid,
            targetTokenAddress,
            targetReceiverAddress,
            amount,
            nonce
        );

        require(fills[requestId] == bytes32(0), "Already filled");

        IERC20(targetTokenAddress).safeTransferFrom(
            msg.sender,
            targetReceiverAddress,
            amount
        );

        bytes32 fillId = generateFillId();
        fills[requestId] = fillId;

        messenger.sendMessage(
            _l1Resolver,
            abi.encodeCall(
                Resolver.resolve,
                (requestId, fillId, block.chainid, sourceChainId, msg.sender)
            )
        );

        emit RequestFilled(
            requestId,
            fillId,
            sourceChainId,
            targetTokenAddress,
            msg.sender,
            amount
        );

        return fillId;
    }

    /// Invalidate the specified fill.
    ///
    /// In cases that a claim has been made on the source chain, but without a corresponding fill
    /// actually happening on the target chain, anyone can call this function to mark the fill
    /// as invalid. This is typically followed by a challenge game on the source chain, which
    /// the dishonest claimer is guaranteed to lose as soon as the information about the invalid
    /// fill (so called "non-fill proof") is propagated to the source chain via L1 resolution.
    ///
    /// @param requestId The request ID.
    /// @param fillId The fill ID.
    /// @param sourceChainId The source chain ID.
    function invalidateFill(
        bytes32 requestId,
        bytes32 fillId,
        uint256 sourceChainId
    ) external {
        address _l1Resolver = l1Resolver;
        require(_l1Resolver != address(0), "Resolver address not set");
        require(fills[requestId] != fillId, "Fill valid");
        require(
            fillId != generateFillId(),
            "Cannot invalidate fills of current block"
        );

        messenger.sendMessage(
            _l1Resolver,
            abi.encodeCall(
                Resolver.resolve,
                (requestId, fillId, block.chainid, sourceChainId, address(0))
            )
        );
        emit FillInvalidated(requestId, fillId);
    }

    /// Generate a fill ID.
    ///
    /// The fill ID is defined as the previous block hash.
    ///
    /// @return The current fill ID
    function generateFillId() private view returns (bytes32) {
        return blockhash(block.number - 1);
    }
}

/**
 * @title ICrossDomainMessenger
 */
interface ICrossDomainMessenger {
    /**********
     * Events *
     **********/

    event SentMessage(address indexed target, address sender, bytes message, uint256 messageNonce, uint256 gasLimit);
    event RelayedMessage(bytes32 indexed msgHash);
    event FailedRelayedMessage(bytes32 indexed msgHash);

    /*************
     * Variables *
     *************/

    function xDomainMessageSender() external view returns (address);

    /********************
     * Public Functions *
     ********************/

    /**
     * Sends a cross domain message to the target messenger.
     * @param _target Target contract address.
     * @param _message Message to send to the target.
     * @param _gasLimit Gas limit for the provided message.
     */
    function sendMessage(
        address _target,
        bytes calldata _message,
        uint32 _gasLimit
    ) external;
}

/**
 * @title Lib_PredeployAddresses
 */
library Lib_PredeployAddresses {
    address internal constant L2_TO_L1_MESSAGE_PASSER = 0x4200000000000000000000000000000000000000;
    address internal constant L1_MESSAGE_SENDER = 0x4200000000000000000000000000000000000001;
    address internal constant DEPLOYER_WHITELIST = 0x4200000000000000000000000000000000000002;
    address payable internal constant OVM_ETH = payable(0xDeadDeAddeAddEAddeadDEaDDEAdDeaDDeAD0000);
    address internal constant L2_CROSS_DOMAIN_MESSENGER =
        0x4200000000000000000000000000000000000007;
    address internal constant LIB_ADDRESS_MANAGER = 0x4200000000000000000000000000000000000008;
    address internal constant PROXY_EOA = 0x4200000000000000000000000000000000000009;
    address internal constant L2_STANDARD_BRIDGE = 0x4200000000000000000000000000000000000010;
    address internal constant SEQUENCER_FEE_WALLET = 0x4200000000000000000000000000000000000011;
    address internal constant L2_STANDARD_TOKEN_FACTORY =
        0x4200000000000000000000000000000000000012;
    address internal constant L1_BLOCK_NUMBER = 0x4200000000000000000000000000000000000013;
}

abstract contract OptimismMessengerBase is IMessenger, RestrictedCalls {
    uint32 private constant MESSAGE_GAS_LIMIT = 1_000_000;

    ICrossDomainMessenger public nativeMessenger;

    function callAllowed(address caller, address courier)
        external
        view
        returns (bool)
    {
        return
            courier == address(nativeMessenger) &&
            caller == nativeMessenger.xDomainMessageSender();
    }

    function sendMessage(address target, bytes calldata message)
        external
        restricted(block.chainid)
    {
        nativeMessenger.sendMessage(target, message, MESSAGE_GAS_LIMIT);
    }
}

contract OptimismL1Messenger is OptimismMessengerBase {
    constructor(address messenger_) {
        nativeMessenger = ICrossDomainMessenger(messenger_);
    }
}

contract OptimismL2Messenger is OptimismMessengerBase {
    constructor() {
        nativeMessenger = ICrossDomainMessenger(
            Lib_PredeployAddresses.L2_CROSS_DOMAIN_MESSENGER
        );
    }
}

interface IDelayedMessageProvider {
    /// @dev event emitted when a inbox message is added to the Bridge's delayed accumulator
    event InboxMessageDelivered(uint256 indexed messageNum, bytes data);

    /// @dev event emitted when a inbox message is added to the Bridge's delayed accumulator
    /// same as InboxMessageDelivered but the batch data is available in tx.input
    event InboxMessageDeliveredFromOrigin(uint256 indexed messageNum);
}

/**
 * @title System level functionality
 * @notice For use by contracts to interact with core L2-specific functionality.
 * Precompiled contract that exists in every Arbitrum chain at address(100), 0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000064.
 */
interface IArbSys {
    /**
     * @notice Get Arbitrum block number (distinct from L1 block number; Arbitrum genesis block has block number 0)
     * @return block number as int
     */
    function arbBlockNumber() external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @notice Get Arbitrum block hash (reverts unless currentBlockNum-256 <= arbBlockNum < currentBlockNum)
     * @return block hash
     */
    function arbBlockHash(uint256 arbBlockNum) external view returns (bytes32);

    /**
     * @notice Gets the rollup's unique chain identifier
     * @return Chain identifier as int
     */
    function arbChainID() external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @notice Get internal version number identifying an ArbOS build
     * @return version number as int
     */
    function arbOSVersion() external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @notice Returns 0 since Nitro has no concept of storage gas
     * @return uint 0
     */
    function getStorageGasAvailable() external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @notice (deprecated) check if current call is top level (meaning it was triggered by an EoA or a L1 contract)
     * @dev this call has been deprecated and may be removed in a future release
     * @return true if current execution frame is not a call by another L2 contract
     */
    function isTopLevelCall() external view returns (bool);

    /**
     * @notice map L1 sender contract address to its L2 alias
     * @param sender sender address
     * @param unused argument no longer used
     * @return aliased sender address
     */
    function mapL1SenderContractAddressToL2Alias(address sender, address unused) external pure returns (address);

    /**
     * @notice check if the caller (of this caller of this) is an aliased L1 contract address
     * @return true iff the caller's address is an alias for an L1 contract address
     */
    function wasMyCallersAddressAliased() external view returns (bool);

    /**
     * @notice return the address of the caller (of this caller of this), without applying L1 contract address aliasing
     * @return address of the caller's caller, without applying L1 contract address aliasing
     */
    function myCallersAddressWithoutAliasing() external view returns (address);

    /**
     * @notice Send given amount of Eth to dest from sender.
     * This is a convenience function, which is equivalent to calling sendTxToL1 with empty data.
     * @param destination recipient address on L1
     * @return unique identifier for this L2-to-L1 transaction.
     */
    function withdrawEth(address destination) external payable returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @notice Send a transaction to L1
     * @dev it is not possible to execute on the L1 any L2-to-L1 transaction which contains data
     * to a contract address without any code (as enforced by the Bridge contract).
     * @param destination recipient address on L1
     * @param data (optional) calldata for L1 contract call
     * @return a unique identifier for this L2-to-L1 transaction.
     */
    function sendTxToL1(address destination, bytes calldata data) external payable returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @notice Get send Merkle tree state
     * @return size number of sends in the history
     * @return root root hash of the send history
     * @return partials hashes of partial subtrees in the send history tree
     */
    function sendMerkleTreeState()
        external
        view
        returns (
            uint256 size,
            bytes32 root,
            bytes32[] memory partials
        );

    /**
     * @notice creates a send txn from L2 to L1
     * @param position = (level << 192) + leaf = (0 << 192) + leaf = leaf
     */
    event L2ToL1Tx(
        address caller,
        address indexed destination,
        uint256 indexed hash,
        uint256 indexed position,
        uint256 arbBlockNum,
        uint256 ethBlockNum,
        uint256 timestamp,
        uint256 callvalue,
        bytes data
    );

    /// @dev DEPRECATED in favour of the new L2ToL1Tx event above after the nitro upgrade
    event L2ToL1Transaction(
        address caller,
        address indexed destination,
        uint256 indexed uniqueId,
        uint256 indexed batchNumber,
        uint256 indexInBatch,
        uint256 arbBlockNum,
        uint256 ethBlockNum,
        uint256 timestamp,
        uint256 callvalue,
        bytes data
    );

    /**
     * @notice logs a merkle branch for proof synthesis
     * @param reserved an index meant only to align the 4th index with L2ToL1Transaction's 4th event
     * @param hash the merkle hash
     * @param position = (level << 192) + leaf
     */
    event SendMerkleUpdate(uint256 indexed reserved, bytes32 indexed hash, uint256 indexed position);
}

interface IBridge {
    event MessageDelivered(
        uint256 indexed messageIndex,
        bytes32 indexed beforeInboxAcc,
        address inbox,
        uint8 kind,
        address sender,
        bytes32 messageDataHash,
        uint256 baseFeeL1,
        uint64 timestamp
    );

    event BridgeCallTriggered(address indexed outbox, address indexed to, uint256 value, bytes data);

    event InboxToggle(address indexed inbox, bool enabled);

    event OutboxToggle(address indexed outbox, bool enabled);

    event SequencerInboxUpdated(address newSequencerInbox);

    function allowedDelayedInboxList(uint256) external returns (address);

    function allowedOutboxList(uint256) external returns (address);

    /// @dev Accumulator for delayed inbox messages; tail represents hash of the current state; each element represents the inclusion of a new message.
    function delayedInboxAccs(uint256) external view returns (bytes32);

    /// @dev Accumulator for sequencer inbox messages; tail represents hash of the current state; each element represents the inclusion of a new message.
    function sequencerInboxAccs(uint256) external view returns (bytes32);

    // OpenZeppelin: changed return type from IOwnable
    function rollup() external view returns (address);

    function sequencerInbox() external view returns (address);

    function activeOutbox() external view returns (address);

    function allowedDelayedInboxes(address inbox) external view returns (bool);

    function allowedOutboxes(address outbox) external view returns (bool);

    function sequencerReportedSubMessageCount() external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Enqueue a message in the delayed inbox accumulator.
     *      These messages are later sequenced in the SequencerInbox, either
     *      by the sequencer as part of a normal batch, or by force inclusion.
     */
    function enqueueDelayedMessage(
        uint8 kind,
        address sender,
        bytes32 messageDataHash
    ) external payable returns (uint256);

    function executeCall(
        address to,
        uint256 value,
        bytes calldata data
    ) external returns (bool success, bytes memory returnData);

    function delayedMessageCount() external view returns (uint256);

    function sequencerMessageCount() external view returns (uint256);

    // ---------- onlySequencerInbox functions ----------

    function enqueueSequencerMessage(
        bytes32 dataHash,
        uint256 afterDelayedMessagesRead,
        uint256 prevMessageCount,
        uint256 newMessageCount
    )
        external
        returns (
            uint256 seqMessageIndex,
            bytes32 beforeAcc,
            bytes32 delayedAcc,
            bytes32 acc
        );

    /**
     * @dev Allows the sequencer inbox to submit a delayed message of the batchPostingReport type
     *      This is done through a separate function entrypoint instead of allowing the sequencer inbox
     *      to call `enqueueDelayedMessage` to avoid the gas overhead of an extra SLOAD in either
     *      every delayed inbox or every sequencer inbox call.
     */
    function submitBatchSpendingReport(address batchPoster, bytes32 dataHash) external returns (uint256 msgNum);

    // ---------- onlyRollupOrOwner functions ----------

    function setSequencerInbox(address _sequencerInbox) external;

    function setDelayedInbox(address inbox, bool enabled) external;

    function setOutbox(address inbox, bool enabled) external;

    // ---------- initializer ----------

    // OpenZeppelin: changed rollup_ type from IOwnable
    function initialize(address rollup_) external;
}


interface IInbox is IDelayedMessageProvider {
    function bridge() external view returns (IBridge);

    // OpenZeppelin: changed return type from ISequencerInbox
    function sequencerInbox() external view returns (address);

    /**
     * @notice Send a generic L2 message to the chain
     * @dev This method is an optimization to avoid having to emit the entirety of the messageData in a log. Instead validators are expected to be able to parse the data from the transaction's input
     * @param messageData Data of the message being sent
     */
    function sendL2MessageFromOrigin(bytes calldata messageData) external returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @notice Send a generic L2 message to the chain
     * @dev This method can be used to send any type of message that doesn't require L1 validation
     * @param messageData Data of the message being sent
     */
    function sendL2Message(bytes calldata messageData) external returns (uint256);

    function sendL1FundedUnsignedTransaction(
        uint256 gasLimit,
        uint256 maxFeePerGas,
        uint256 nonce,
        address to,
        bytes calldata data
    ) external payable returns (uint256);

    function sendL1FundedContractTransaction(
        uint256 gasLimit,
        uint256 maxFeePerGas,
        address to,
        bytes calldata data
    ) external payable returns (uint256);

    function sendUnsignedTransaction(
        uint256 gasLimit,
        uint256 maxFeePerGas,
        uint256 nonce,
        address to,
        uint256 value,
        bytes calldata data
    ) external returns (uint256);

    function sendContractTransaction(
        uint256 gasLimit,
        uint256 maxFeePerGas,
        address to,
        uint256 value,
        bytes calldata data
    ) external returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @notice Get the L1 fee for submitting a retryable
     * @dev This fee can be paid by funds already in the L2 aliased address or by the current message value
     * @dev This formula may change in the future, to future proof your code query this method instead of inlining!!
     * @param dataLength The length of the retryable's calldata, in bytes
     * @param baseFee The block basefee when the retryable is included in the chain, if 0 current block.basefee will be used
     */
    function calculateRetryableSubmissionFee(uint256 dataLength, uint256 baseFee) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @notice Deposit eth from L1 to L2 to address of the sender if sender is an EOA, and to its aliased address if the sender is a contract
     * @dev This does not trigger the fallback function when receiving in the L2 side.
     *      Look into retryable tickets if you are interested in this functionality.
     * @dev This function should not be called inside contract constructors
     */
    function depositEth() external payable returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @notice Put a message in the L2 inbox that can be reexecuted for some fixed amount of time if it reverts
     * @dev all msg.value will deposited to callValueRefundAddress on L2
     * @dev Gas limit and maxFeePerGas should not be set to 1 as that is used to trigger the RetryableData error
     * @param to destination L2 contract address
     * @param l2CallValue call value for retryable L2 message
     * @param maxSubmissionCost Max gas deducted from user's L2 balance to cover base submission fee
     * @param excessFeeRefundAddress gasLimit x maxFeePerGas - execution cost gets credited here on L2 balance
     * @param callValueRefundAddress l2Callvalue gets credited here on L2 if retryable txn times out or gets cancelled
     * @param gasLimit Max gas deducted from user's L2 balance to cover L2 execution. Should not be set to 1 (magic value used to trigger the RetryableData error)
     * @param maxFeePerGas price bid for L2 execution. Should not be set to 1 (magic value used to trigger the RetryableData error)
     * @param data ABI encoded data of L2 message
     * @return unique message number of the retryable transaction
     */
    function createRetryableTicket(
        address to,
        uint256 l2CallValue,
        uint256 maxSubmissionCost,
        address excessFeeRefundAddress,
        address callValueRefundAddress,
        uint256 gasLimit,
        uint256 maxFeePerGas,
        bytes calldata data
    ) external payable returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @notice Put a message in the L2 inbox that can be reexecuted for some fixed amount of time if it reverts
     * @dev Same as createRetryableTicket, but does not guarantee that submission will succeed by requiring the needed funds
     * come from the deposit alone, rather than falling back on the user's L2 balance
     * @dev Advanced usage only (does not rewrite aliases for excessFeeRefundAddress and callValueRefundAddress).
     * createRetryableTicket method is the recommended standard.
     * @dev Gas limit and maxFeePerGas should not be set to 1 as that is used to trigger the RetryableData error
     * @param to destination L2 contract address
     * @param l2CallValue call value for retryable L2 message
     * @param maxSubmissionCost Max gas deducted from user's L2 balance to cover base submission fee
     * @param excessFeeRefundAddress gasLimit x maxFeePerGas - execution cost gets credited here on L2 balance
     * @param callValueRefundAddress l2Callvalue gets credited here on L2 if retryable txn times out or gets cancelled
     * @param gasLimit Max gas deducted from user's L2 balance to cover L2 execution. Should not be set to 1 (magic value used to trigger the RetryableData error)
     * @param maxFeePerGas price bid for L2 execution. Should not be set to 1 (magic value used to trigger the RetryableData error)
     * @param data ABI encoded data of L2 message
     * @return unique message number of the retryable transaction
     */
    function unsafeCreateRetryableTicket(
        address to,
        uint256 l2CallValue,
        uint256 maxSubmissionCost,
        address excessFeeRefundAddress,
        address callValueRefundAddress,
        uint256 gasLimit,
        uint256 maxFeePerGas,
        bytes calldata data
    ) external payable returns (uint256);

    // ---------- onlyRollupOrOwner functions ----------

    /// @notice pauses all inbox functionality
    function pause() external;

    /// @notice unpauses all inbox functionality
    function unpause() external;

    // ---------- initializer ----------

    /**
     * @dev function to be called one time during the inbox upgrade process
     *      this is used to fix the storage slots
     */
    function postUpgradeInit(IBridge _bridge) external;

    // OpenZeppelin: changed _sequencerInbox type from ISequencerInbox
    function initialize(IBridge _bridge, address _sequencerInbox) external;
}


interface IOutbox {
    event SendRootUpdated(bytes32 indexed blockHash, bytes32 indexed outputRoot);
    event OutBoxTransactionExecuted(
        address indexed to,
        address indexed l2Sender,
        uint256 indexed zero,
        uint256 transactionIndex
    );

    function rollup() external view returns (address); // the rollup contract

    function bridge() external view returns (IBridge); // the bridge contract

    function spent(uint256) external view returns (bytes32); // packed spent bitmap

    function roots(bytes32) external view returns (bytes32); // maps root hashes => L2 block hash

    // solhint-disable-next-line func-name-mixedcase
    function OUTBOX_VERSION() external view returns (uint128); // the outbox version

    function updateSendRoot(bytes32 sendRoot, bytes32 l2BlockHash) external;

    /// @notice When l2ToL1Sender returns a nonzero address, the message was originated by an L2 account
    ///         When the return value is zero, that means this is a system message
    /// @dev the l2ToL1Sender behaves as the tx.origin, the msg.sender should be validated to protect against reentrancies
    function l2ToL1Sender() external view returns (address);

    /// @return l2Block return L2 block when the L2 tx was initiated or 0 if no L2 to L1 transaction is active
    function l2ToL1Block() external view returns (uint256);

    /// @return l1Block return L1 block when the L2 tx was initiated or 0 if no L2 to L1 transaction is active
    function l2ToL1EthBlock() external view returns (uint256);

    /// @return timestamp return L2 timestamp when the L2 tx was initiated or 0 if no L2 to L1 transaction is active
    function l2ToL1Timestamp() external view returns (uint256);

    /// @return outputId returns the unique output identifier of the L2 to L1 tx or 0 if no L2 to L1 transaction is active
    function l2ToL1OutputId() external view returns (bytes32);

    /**
     * @notice Executes a messages in an Outbox entry.
     * @dev Reverts if dispute period hasn't expired, since the outbox entry
     *      is only created once the rollup confirms the respective assertion.
     * @dev it is not possible to execute any L2-to-L1 transaction which contains data
     *      to a contract address without any code (as enforced by the Bridge contract).
     * @param proof Merkle proof of message inclusion in send root
     * @param index Merkle path to message
     * @param l2Sender sender if original message (i.e., caller of ArbSys.sendTxToL1)
     * @param to destination address for L1 contract call
     * @param l2Block l2 block number at which sendTxToL1 call was made
     * @param l1Block l1 block number at which sendTxToL1 call was made
     * @param l2Timestamp l2 Timestamp at which sendTxToL1 call was made
     * @param value wei in L1 message
     * @param data abi-encoded L1 message data
     */
    function executeTransaction(
        bytes32[] calldata proof,
        uint256 index,
        address l2Sender,
        address to,
        uint256 l2Block,
        uint256 l1Block,
        uint256 l2Timestamp,
        uint256 value,
        bytes calldata data
    ) external;

    /**
     *  @dev function used to simulate the result of a particular function call from the outbox
     *       it is useful for things such as gas estimates. This function includes all costs except for
     *       proof validation (which can be considered offchain as a somewhat of a fixed cost - it's
     *       not really a fixed cost, but can be treated as so with a fixed overhead for gas estimation).
     *       We can't include the cost of proof validation since this is intended to be used to simulate txs
     *       that are included in yet-to-be confirmed merkle roots. The simulation entrypoint could instead pretend
     *       to confirm a pending merkle root, but that would be less practical for integrating with tooling.
     *       It is only possible to trigger it when the msg sender is address zero, which should be impossible
     *       unless under simulation in an eth_call or eth_estimateGas
     */
    function executeTransactionSimulation(
        uint256 index,
        address l2Sender,
        address to,
        uint256 l2Block,
        uint256 l1Block,
        uint256 l2Timestamp,
        uint256 value,
        bytes calldata data
    ) external;

    /**
     * @param index Merkle path to message
     * @return true if the message has been spent
     */
    function isSpent(uint256 index) external view returns (bool);

    function calculateItemHash(
        address l2Sender,
        address to,
        uint256 l2Block,
        uint256 l1Block,
        uint256 l2Timestamp,
        uint256 value,
        bytes calldata data
    ) external pure returns (bytes32);

    function calculateMerkleRoot(
        bytes32[] memory proof,
        uint256 path,
        bytes32 item
    ) external pure returns (bytes32);
}


contract ArbitrumL1Messenger is IMessenger, RestrictedCalls {
    IBridge public immutable bridge;
    IInbox public immutable inbox;

    /// Maps addresses to ETH deposits to be used for paying the submission fee.
    mapping(address => uint256) public deposits;

    constructor(address bridge_, address inbox_) {
        bridge = IBridge(bridge_);
        inbox = IInbox(inbox_);
    }

    function callAllowed(address caller, address courier)
        external
        view
        returns (bool)
    {
        // The call from L2 must be delivered by the Arbitrum bridge.
        if (courier != address(bridge)) return false;

        IOutbox outbox = IOutbox(bridge.activeOutbox());
        address sender = outbox.l2ToL1Sender();
        return sender == caller;
    }

    function deposit() external payable {
        deposits[msg.sender] += msg.value;
    }

    function withdraw() external {
        uint256 amount = deposits[msg.sender];
        require(amount > 0, "nothing to withdraw");

        deposits[msg.sender] = 0;

        (bool sent, ) = msg.sender.call{value: amount}("");
        require(sent, "failed to send Ether");
    }

    /* solhint-disable avoid-tx-origin */
    function sendMessage(address target, bytes calldata message)
        external
        restricted(block.chainid)
    {
        uint256 submissionFee = inbox.calculateRetryableSubmissionFee(
            message.length,
            0
        );
        uint256 depositOrigin = deposits[tx.origin];
        require(depositOrigin >= submissionFee, "insufficient deposit");

        deposits[tx.origin] = depositOrigin - submissionFee;

        // We set maxGas to 100_000. We also set gasPriceBid to 0 because the
        // relayer will redeem the ticket on L2 and we only want to pay the
        // submission cost on L1.
        inbox.createRetryableTicket{value: submissionFee}(
            target,
            0,
            submissionFee,
            tx.origin,
            tx.origin,
            100_000,
            0,
            message
        );
    }
    /* solhint-enable avoid-tx-origin */
}

contract ArbitrumL2Messenger is IMessenger, Ownable, RestrictedCalls {
    function callAllowed(address caller, address courier)
        external
        view
        returns (bool)
    {
        // Arbitrum sets `msg.sender` on calls coming from L1 to be the aliased
        // form of the address that sent the message so we need to check
        // that aliased address here. In our case, that is the L2 alias of our
        // caller, ArbitrumL1Messenger.
        IArbSys arbsys = IArbSys(address(100));
        return
            courier ==
            arbsys.mapL1SenderContractAddressToL2Alias(caller, address(0));
    }

    function sendMessage(address target, bytes calldata message)
        external
        restricted(block.chainid)
    {
        IArbSys arbsys = IArbSys(address(100));
        arbsys.sendTxToL1(target, message);
    }
}