Shell scripting with Haskell

Problem

Shell scripting is kinda broken:

Shell scripting languages differ or are interpreted with subtle differences
Higher level language concepts are typically missing

Can Haskell be a good replacement for Bash—or similar languages—as a shell scripting language?

Using GHCI for System Programing

Setup

Install Haskell Stack
```
brew install haskell-stack
```
Install turtle using Stack
```
stack install turtle
```

Define functions to setup/init/extend Haskell shell and create an alias hsh

hsh_setup() {
  local hsh_home="${HOME}/.hsh"

  mkdir -p ${hsh_home}

  printf "[INFO] Creating hsh config"
  printf ':set -XOverloadedStrings\n:set prompt "λ> "\n:set +m\nimport Turtle\nimport Prelude hiding (FilePath)' > ${hsh_home}/.ghci
  printf "\n[INFO] hsh setup done"
}

hsh_extend() {
  local hsh_home="${HOME}/.hsh" \
	  command=${1}

  printf "\n[INFO] Creating function for command %-25s" "${command}"
  printf "\n%1\$s = \\\cl -> shell (\"%1\$s \" <> cl) empty\n%1\$s' = \\\cl -> shell (\"%1\$s \" <> cl)" ${command} >> ${hsh_home}/.ghci
}

hsh_init() (
  local hsh_home="${HOME}/.hsh"

  hsh_setup 

  while getopts "e:" option; do
  case ${option} in
  e) hsh_extend ${OPTARG}
  esac 
  done

  cd ${hsh_home}
  stack ghci
)

alias hsh=hsh_init

Run Haskell Shell and have fun 🙌

$ hsh -e git -e latexmk -e typora
[INFO] Creating hsh config
[INFO] hsh setup done
[INFO] Creating function for command git
[INFO] Creating function for command latexmk
[INFO] Creating function for command typora
Note: No local targets specified, so a plain ghci will be started with no package hiding or package options.

You are using snapshot: lts-17.2

If you want to use package hiding and options, then you can try one of the following:

* If you want to start a different project configuration
than /Users/main/.stack/global-project/stack.yaml, then you can use stack init to create a new stack.yaml for the
packages in the current directory.

* If you want to use the project configuration
at /Users/main/.stack/global-project/stack.yaml, then you can add to its 'packages' field.

Configuring GHCi with the following packages:
GHCi, version 8.10.3: https://www.haskell.org/ghc/  :? for help
Loaded GHCi configuration from /Users/main/.hsh/.ghci
Loaded GHCi configuration from /private/var/folders/yz/b655kl71057db1lhwxhc0rt00000gs/T/haskell-stack-ghci/2a3bbd58/ghci-script

In the ghci REPL we can now use the Turtle library to do system programming similar to what we awould do in Bash. 🚀

The Good

There are a couple cool aspects of Haskell/GHCI that are being used to provide a proper shell feeling:

monads: most Turtle functions like dir and echo are monadic
```
λ> :t pwd
pwd :: MonadIO io => io FilePath
```
and GHCI executes code within an IO monad; that means we can write in do-notation style and read/write from/to input/output
```
λ> dir <- pwd
```
overloaded strings:

E.g. echo has type echo :: MonadIO io => Line -> io () (i.e. expects Line not String) which can however use the overloaded string literal syntax
```
λ> echo "Hi!"
```
printing of return values: types like FilePath are printable and GHCI prints every value that is entered so we can immediately see results of commands
```
λ> dir <- pwd
λ> dir
FilePath "/Users/friedrichk/.hsh"
```

The Turtle tutorial on Hackage has more examples. Be sure to check it out.

The Bad

No Tab-Completion for commands/paths
No Syntax-Highlighting

Bonus Round

Launching GHCI Directly in Your Terminal Emulator

In a terminal emulator like iTerm, we can start hsh in every new window/tab in order to get a complete Haskell based Terminal feeling.

Future Work

ptghci adds useful features like syntax highlighting and tab completion and might be a good extension.

fkurz/haskell-shell.md