PowerShell script to monitor device connects and disconnects on Windows.

monitor_usb.ps1

<#
.SYNOPSIS
    Monitor PnP device connects and disconnects in real time.

.DESCRIPTION
    Polls Get-PnpDevice every 5 seconds and reports any devices that appeared
    or disappeared since the last check. Useful for debugging USB, Bluetooth,
    and other hot-pluggable peripherals.

.EXAMPLE
    .\monitor_usb.ps1
#>

$CurrentState = $null
$NewState = $null
Write-Host "Monitoring device changes..." -ForegroundColor Green
while ($true) {
    if (-not($CurrentState)) {
        $CurrentState = Get-PnpDevice -Status OK
    }
    else {
        $NewState = Get-PnpDevice -Status OK
        $Changes = $null
        $Changes = Compare-Object -ReferenceObject $CurrentState -DifferenceObject $NewState
        if ($Changes) {
            $Additions = @()
            $Removals = @()
            foreach ($Change in $Changes) {
                if ($Change.SideIndicator -eq "=>") {
                    $Additions += @($Change.InputObject)
                }
                elseif ($Change.SideIndicator -eq "<=") {
                    $Removals += @($Change.InputObject)
                }
            }
            if ($Additions) {
                Write-Host "`n[$(Get-Date -Format 'HH:mm:ss')] New devices detected:" -ForegroundColor Green
                Write-Output $("=" * 50)
                $Additions
                Write-Output $("=" * 50)
            }

            if ($Removals) {
                Write-Host "`n[$(Get-Date -Format 'HH:mm:ss')] Devices removed:" -ForegroundColor Red
                Write-Output $("=" * 50)
                $Removals
                Write-Output $("=" * 50)
            }

        }
        $CurrentState = $NewState
    }
    Start-Sleep -Seconds 5
}