macOS Cheatsheet - Commonly used commands for my macOS Setup

macOS.txt

# macOS Cheatsheet — Commonly Used Commands for macOS Tahoe (26) Setup

> Last updated: April 2026 · Tested on macOS Tahoe 26.4 (Apple Silicon)

---

## Table of Contents

- [1. Automation \& Scheduling](#1-automation--scheduling)
- [2. System Management](#2-system-management)
- [3. Performance \& Monitoring](#3-performance--monitoring)
- [4. File \& Batch Operations](#4-file--batch-operations)
- [5. Development \& DevOps](#5-development--devops)
- [6. Security, Network \& Code Signing](#6-security-network--code-signing)
- [7. Reference \& Quick Tools](#7-reference--quick-tools)
- [8. Apple Silicon Specific](#8-apple-silicon-specific)
- [9. Scripting \& Automation](#9-scripting--automation)
- [10. Data Processing \& Regex](#10-data-processing--regex)
- [11. Miscellaneous](#11-miscellaneous)
- [Summary of Key Changes for macOS Tahoe (26)](#summary-of-key-changes-for-macos-tahoe-26)

---

## 1. Automation & Scheduling

### Classic Cron (still works, but officially deprecated by Apple in favor of launchd)

```bash
# Edit your crontab using nano as the editor
env EDITOR=nano crontab -e

# List all scheduled cron jobs for the current user
crontab -l

# Remove ALL scheduled cron jobs — use with caution!
crontab -r

# ── Example: open news sites in Safari every day at 7:00 AM ──
# Format: minute hour day-of-month month day-of-week command
# 0 7 * * * = "at 07:00, every day"
0 7 * * * open -a Safari http://www.bbc.com/news
0 7 * * * open -a Safari http://money.cnn.com
0 7 * * * open -a Safari https://flipboard.com/section/technology-c5o31di9kg9ea7p6
0 7 * * * open -a Safari https://www.macrumors.com
0 7 * * * open -a 'Brave Browser' http://www.bbc.com

# Open a URL in a brand-new window (not a new tab) in Chrome or Brave
open -na "Google Chrome" --args --new-window "https://www.bbc.com"
open -na "Brave Browser" --args --new-window "https://www.bbc.com"
```

### Modern Scheduling with launchd (Apple's recommended approach)

Create a plist file at `~/Library/LaunchAgents/com.user.safari-opener.plist`. See [Apple's launchd documentation](https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/MacOSX/Conceptual/BPSystemStartup/Chapters/CreatingLaunchdJobs.html) for the full plist schema.

```bash
# ── Legacy syntax (still works but prints deprecation warnings) ──
launchctl load   ~/Library/LaunchAgents/com.user.safari-opener.plist
launchctl unload ~/Library/LaunchAgents/com.user.safari-opener.plist

# ── Modern syntax (preferred on macOS Tahoe) ──
# "gui/$(id -u)" targets the current user's GUI domain
launchctl bootstrap gui/$(id -u) ~/Library/LaunchAgents/com.user.safari-opener.plist
launchctl bootout  gui/$(id -u)/com.user.safari-opener

# Check if your agent is loaded
launchctl list | grep safari-opener

# Print detailed info including last exit status and error messages
launchctl print gui/$(id -u)/com.user.safari-opener
```

### Shortcuts Automations (NEW in macOS Tahoe)

macOS Tahoe introduced **Shortcuts Automations**, which can trigger shortcuts based on events like time of day, files arriving in a folder, connecting an external display, Wi-Fi changes, and more — all without writing code. Open **Shortcuts.app → Automations** tab to explore triggers.

```bash
# You can also run any shortcut from Terminal:
shortcuts run "My Shortcut Name"

# List all available shortcuts
shortcuts list
```

### File/Folder Change Monitoring

```bash
# fswatch monitors file system changes in real time — great for dev workflows
brew install fswatch

# Echo a message whenever anything in ~/Downloads changes
fswatch -o ~/Downloads | xargs -n1 -I {} echo "File changed in Downloads"

# Practical example: auto-run a build script when source files change
fswatch -o ./src | xargs -n1 -I {} make build
```

---

## 2. System Management

### Change Screenshot Location & Format

```bash
# Method 1 (Terminal): change screenshot save folder
# NOTE: on macOS Mojave+, "killall SystemUIServer" is no longer needed for this.
# The defaults write alone usually takes effect immediately (or after a logout).
defaults write com.apple.screencapture location ~/Screenshots
# If it doesn't take effect, try:
killall SystemUIServer

# Method 2 (GUI — easiest on Tahoe): press ⌘⇧5, click "Options", pick "Save to"

# Change screenshot format (default is png; options: png, jpg, pdf, tiff, gif)
defaults write com.apple.screencapture type jpg

# Disable the floating thumbnail preview after taking a screenshot
defaults write com.apple.screencapture show-thumbnail -bool false

# Restore default screenshot behavior
defaults delete com.apple.screencapture location
defaults delete com.apple.screencapture type
```

### Disk Management & Space Analysis

```bash
# List all disks, partitions, and APFS volumes
diskutil list

# Show APFS container info (more relevant on modern macOS than fsck for most users)
diskutil apfs list

# File system check (HFS+ volumes only — most Tahoe installs use APFS)
# Useful for external drives that are still HFS+
sudo /sbin/fsck_hfs -drfy /dev/disk2s3

# APFS: First Aid via Terminal (preferred on Tahoe)
diskutil verifyVolume /
# If errors found:
# Boot into Recovery (hold Power on Apple Silicon) → Disk Utility → First Aid

# Interactive disk space analysis (ncurses-based, very fast)
brew install ncdu
ncdu ~            # Scan home directory
sudo ncdu /       # Scan entire system (requires sudo for protected dirs)

# macOS built-in alternative: get folder sizes
du -sh ~/Documents/*   # Summarize each item in Documents
du -sh * | sort -hr    # Sort current directory contents by size, largest first
```

### System Information

```bash
# Quick hardware overview
system_profiler SPHardwareDataType

# macOS version info
sw_vers

# Check if running under Rosetta 2 translation
# ⚠️ Rosetta 2 is being phased out — Apple warns it will be largely
#    discontinued in macOS 28. Check your apps now!
sysctl -n sysctl.proc_translated   # Returns 1 if running under Rosetta

# List all apps that require Rosetta (x86_64-only apps)
system_profiler SPApplicationsDataType | grep -B 6 "Kind: Intel"
```

---

## 3. Performance & Monitoring

```bash
# ── Adjust process priority ──
# renice values: -20 (highest priority) to 20 (lowest)
# Negative values require sudo
sudo renice -20 $(pgrep FaceTime)

# ── Interactive process monitor (better than top) ──
brew install htop
htop

# ── macOS virtual memory statistics ──
# Shows pages free, active, inactive, wired, etc.
vm_stat

# ── Top 20 processes by memory usage ──
# NOTE: macOS ps doesn't support --sort; use -m flag or pipe through sort
ps aux | sort -nrk 4 | head -20

# ── Power and thermal monitoring (Apple Silicon) ──
# Shows CPU/GPU power draw, thermal pressure, etc. — requires sudo
sudo powermetrics -n 1 --samplers cpu_power,gpu_power

# Continuous monitoring (updates every 2 seconds):
sudo powermetrics --samplers cpu_power,gpu_power -i 2000

# ── macOS Activity Monitor from Terminal ──
# Open Activity Monitor to a specific tab (CPU=0, Memory=1, Energy=2, Disk=3, Network=4)
open -a "Activity Monitor"

# ── Check thermal throttling status ──
pmset -g thermlog
```

---

## 4. File & Batch Operations

### Loops and Bulk File Operations

```bash
# Loop through all items in current directory
for dir in *; do echo "$dir"; done

# Loop through specific file types
for file in *.avi; do echo "$file"; done

# Delete all .flac files recursively (dry-run first!)
find . -name '*.flac' -type f          # Preview what will be deleted
find . -name '*.flac' -type f -delete  # Actually delete

# Delete PDFs smaller than 1KB (likely corrupt/empty)
find . -type f -name "*.pdf" -size -1k -delete

# Find large files (over 500MB) anywhere under home directory
find ~ -type f -size +500M -exec ls -lh {} \;

# Find files modified in the last 24 hours
find . -type f -mtime -1
```

### Video Merging & Processing

```bash
# ── Merge numbered .ts (transport stream) files ──
cd ts_files_directory
# Create a list of files 1.ts through 500.ts, then concatenate
echo {1..500}.ts | tr " " "\n" > tslist
while read line; do cat "$line" >> combined.ts; done < tslist
rm tslist

# ── Merge AVI files (requires mencoder from mplayer) ──
brew install mplayer
mencoder -oac copy -ovc copy 1.avi 2.avi 3.avi 4.avi 5.avi 6.avi -o final.avi

# ── Merge and sort MP4 files with ffmpeg ──
# Creates a file list, sorts naturally (1, 2, 10 not 1, 10, 2), then concatenates
rm -f list.txt
for f in *.mp4; do echo "file '$f'" >> list.txt; done
sort -V list.txt > list-sort.txt
ffmpeg -f concat -safe 0 -i list-sort.txt -c copy stitched-video.mp4
rm list.txt list-sort.txt

# ── Batch compress MP4 files in parallel ──
brew install parallel ffmpeg
ls *.mp4 | parallel --jobs 4 'ffmpeg -i {} -c:v libx264 -preset fast -crf 28 {.}_compressed.mp4'
# --jobs 4 = run 4 encodes simultaneously (adjust for your CPU core count)
# -crf 28  = quality level (lower = better quality, bigger file; 18-28 is typical)

# ── Convert video to H.265/HEVC for smaller files (Apple Silicon hardware encoder) ──
ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -c:v hevc_videotoolbox -q:v 65 -c:a copy output_hevc.mp4
```

---

## 5. Development & DevOps

### SSH Key Management

```bash
# ── Correct permissions (required — SSH refuses keys with wrong perms) ──
chmod 700 ~/.ssh               # Directory itself
chmod 600 ~/.ssh/id_rsa        # Private key: owner read/write ONLY
chmod 644 ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub    # Public key: world-readable is fine
chmod 600 ~/.ssh/config        # SSH config file
chmod 600 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys

# ── Fix ownership ──
# On macOS, your user owns these (not root). Replace 'user' with your username.
chown $(whoami) ~/.ssh/id_rsa ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub

# ── Generate a modern SSH key (Ed25519 recommended over RSA) ──
ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -C "your_email@example.com"

# ── Add key to macOS Keychain so you don't re-enter passphrase ──
ssh-add --apple-use-keychain ~/.ssh/id_ed25519
```

### Persistent SSH Tunnel

```bash
# Forward remote Redis (port 6379) to localhost via a bastion/jump host
# -N = no remote command, -T = no pseudo-terminal, -f = background
ssh -NTf -L localhost:6379:remoteserver.com:6379 user@bastion.example.com

# For persistent tunnels that auto-reconnect, use autossh:
brew install autossh
autossh -M 0 -NTf -L localhost:6379:remoteserver.com:6379 user@bastion.example.com

# See ~/.ssh/config for more advanced setups (ProxyJump, IdentityFile, etc.)
```

### Homebrew

```bash
# ── Install Homebrew (Apple Silicon: installs to /opt/homebrew) ──
/bin/bash -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/HEAD/install.sh)"

# ── Uninstall Homebrew completely ──
curl -O https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/HEAD/uninstall.sh
/bin/bash uninstall.sh
# If you had an old Intel Homebrew at /usr/local:
# /bin/bash uninstall.sh --path=/usr/local

# ── Maintenance ──
brew update           # Update Homebrew itself + formulae list
brew upgrade          # Upgrade all installed packages
brew cleanup          # Remove old versions / cached downloads
brew doctor           # Diagnose common issues
```

### Docker on Apple Silicon

```bash
brew install docker

# Pull architecture-specific images
docker pull --platform linux/arm64 python:3.11    # Native ARM (faster)
docker pull --platform linux/amd64 python:3.11    # Intel via emulation (slower)

# Build multi-architecture images with buildx
docker buildx create --use
docker buildx build --platform linux/amd64,linux/arm64 -t myapp:latest --push .

# ⚠️ Rosetta 2 is being phased out after macOS 27.
#    Ensure your Docker images and tools are arm64-native where possible.
```

### MongoDB (via Homebrew)

```bash
brew tap mongodb/brew
brew install mongodb-community
brew install mongodb-database-tools

# Start MongoDB as a background service
brew services start mongodb-community

# Stop it
brew services stop mongodb-community

# Connect via shell
mongosh
```

---

## 6. Security, Network & Code Signing

### Remove App Quarantine Flag

```bash
# macOS flags downloaded apps with a quarantine attribute.
# If Gatekeeper blocks a trusted app, remove the flag:
xattr -d com.apple.quarantine /Applications/Lepton.app

# Recursively (for app bundles with nested files):
xattr -r -d com.apple.quarantine "/Applications/Your App.app"

# ⚠️ macOS Tahoe 26.4 introduced Terminal paste-protection warnings
#    for potentially harmful commands. This is informational only —
#    dismiss once and it won't appear again.
```

### Code Signing & Notarization Verification

```bash
# Ad-hoc sign an app (no Apple Developer identity needed — useful for
# self-compiled apps or apps that lost their signature)
codesign -f -s - --timestamp=none --all-architectures "/Applications/Your App.app"

# Verify an app's code signature
codesign -v --deep --strict /Applications/YourApp.app

# Check Gatekeeper assessment (is the app notarized / allowed?)
spctl -a -v /Applications/YourApp.app

# Check notarization status specifically
spctl --assess --verbose=4 --type execute /Applications/YourApp.app
```

### Network Diagnostics

```bash
# ── DNS lookup ──
# dig is now included in macOS, but you can also install the latest via brew
dig example.com
dig +short example.com
nslookup example.com

# ── HTTP proxy / traffic inspection ──
brew install mitmproxy
mitmproxy -p 8080
# In another terminal, route traffic through the proxy:
curl -x 127.0.0.1:8080 https://api.example.com/endpoint

# ── Inspect TLS/SSL certificates ──
openssl s_client -connect api.example.com:443 -showcerts

# ── Network interface statistics ──
netstat -in
# Or the modern replacement:
networksetup -listallhardwareports
ifconfig | grep "inet "

# ── Monitor per-process bandwidth usage ──
brew install nethogs
sudo nethogs

# ── Test network speed from Terminal ──
networkQuality        # Built-in macOS tool (since Monterey)
# or
brew install speedtest-cli
speedtest-cli

# ── Flush DNS cache ──
sudo dscacheutil -flushcache; sudo killall -HUP mDNSResponder
```

---

## 7. Reference & Quick Tools

### iCloud Drive Path

```bash
# Your iCloud Drive files live here:
ls "$HOME/Library/Mobile Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs"

# All iCloud-synced app containers:
ls "$HOME/Library/Mobile Documents"
```

### Backup Dotfiles with Git

```bash
mkdir -p ~/dotfiles
cp ~/.ssh/config ~/.gitconfig ~/.zshrc ~/.zprofile ~/dotfiles/

# Symlink so edits in ~/dotfiles are used system-wide
ln -sf ~/dotfiles/.zshrc ~/.zshrc
ln -sf ~/dotfiles/.gitconfig ~/.gitconfig

cd ~/dotfiles
git init
git add .
git commit -m "Initial config backup"
git remote add origin git@github.com:yourusername/dotfiles.git
git push -u origin main

# After cloning on a new machine, re-create symlinks:
# ln -sf ~/dotfiles/.zshrc ~/.zshrc
# etc.
```

### Split a Large Folder into Chunks of 1000 Files

```bash
# Distributes files into subdirectories: dir_001, dir_002, etc.
i=0
for f in *; do
  d=dir_$(printf %03d $((i/1000+1)))
  mkdir -p "$d"
  mv "$f" "$d"
  ((i++))
done
```

### Remove Node.js Completely

```bash
# ── If installed via Homebrew (recommended approach): ──
brew uninstall node
brew cleanup

# ── If installed via nvm (Node Version Manager): ──
nvm deactivate
nvm uninstall <version>
rm -rf ~/.nvm

# ── Manual nuclear cleanup (if installed via pkg/binary): ──
sudo rm -rf /usr/local/bin/node /usr/local/bin/npm /usr/local/bin/npx
sudo rm -rf /usr/local/lib/node_modules
sudo rm -rf /usr/local/include/node
sudo rm -rf /usr/local/share/man/man1/node.1
sudo rm -rf /usr/local/lib/dtrace/node.d
sudo rm -rf /opt/local/bin/node /opt/local/include/node /opt/local/lib/node_modules
rm -rf ~/.npm ~/.node-gyp ~/.node_repl_history
```

### System Extension Cleanup

```bash
# ⚠️ Kernel extensions (kexts) are fully deprecated on macOS Tahoe.
#    Apple recommends System Extensions and DriverKit instead.
#    Most kext commands below only apply to legacy third-party kexts.

# List loaded kexts (if any remain)
kextstat | grep -v com.apple

# Remove a third-party kext
sudo rm -rf /Library/Extensions/<kextname.kext>

# Rebuild kext cache (legacy — may not be needed on Tahoe)
sudo kextcache -i /
sudo kextcache --clear-staging

# List modern System Extensions (the replacement for kexts)
systemextensionsctl list

# After removing kexts, reboot for changes to take effect
sudo reboot
```

---

## 8. Apple Silicon Specific

```bash
# ── Install Rosetta 2 (for running Intel x86_64 apps) ──
# ⚠️ Rosetta 2 will be largely discontinued in macOS 28.
#    Migrate to arm64-native tools as soon as possible.
softwareupdate --install-rosetta --agree-to-license

# ── Check if a binary is Intel-only, ARM, or Universal ──
file /usr/local/bin/somebinary
lipo -archs /Applications/SomeApp.app/Contents/MacOS/SomeApp
# "x86_64" = Intel only (needs Rosetta)
# "arm64"  = Apple Silicon native
# "x86_64 arm64" = Universal Binary (runs natively on both)

# ── CMake fix: force x86_64 build for an Intel-only library ──
# Add to CMakeLists.txt:
# set(CMAKE_OSX_ARCHITECTURES "x86_64" CACHE INTERNAL "" FORCE)

# ── Run a specific binary under Rosetta explicitly ──
arch -x86_64 /usr/local/bin/somebinary

# ── Run an entire Terminal session under Rosetta ──
arch -x86_64 /bin/zsh
```

---

## 9. Scripting & Automation

### AppleScript Examples

```bash
# ── Copy all tabs from Brave Browser to Safari ──
osascript -e '
tell application "Brave Browser"
    set tab_list to every tab in the front window
    repeat with the_tab in tab_list
        set the_url to the URL of the_tab
        tell application "Safari" to open location the_url
    end repeat
end tell'

# ── Send an iMessage from Terminal ──
osascript -e 'tell application "Messages" to send "Hello World!" to buddy "+11234567890"'

# ── Get the frontmost app name ──
osascript -e 'tell application "System Events" to get name of first process whose frontmost is true'

# ── Toggle Dark Mode ──
osascript -e 'tell app "System Events" to tell appearance preferences to set dark mode to not dark mode'

# ── Set volume (0–100) ──
osascript -e 'set volume output volume 50'
```

### Open Multiple Instances of an App

```bash
# Useful for apps like WeChat that normally only allow one instance
nohup /Applications/WeChat.app/Contents/MacOS/WeChat > /dev/null 2>&1 &

# For the enterprise version (企业微信)
nohup /Applications/企业微信.app/Contents/MacOS/企业微信 > /dev/null 2>&1 &

# Generic: open any app as a new instance
open -n -a "AppName"
```

### Generate Random Passwords

```bash
# Generate 5 random 20-character passwords with special characters
for i in $(seq 1 5); do
  LC_ALL=C tr -dc 'A-Za-z0-9!#$%&()*+,-./:;<=>?@[\]^_{|}~' < /dev/urandom | head -c 20
  echo
done

# Simpler alternative using openssl:
openssl rand -base64 24 | head -c 20; echo

# Generate a macOS-Keychain-compatible passphrase:
LC_ALL=C tr -dc 'A-Za-z0-9' < /dev/urandom | fold -w 32 | head -5
```

### Hide a User Account from the Login Screen

```bash
sudo dscl . create /Users/<hiddenuser> IsHidden 1

# To unhide:
sudo dscl . create /Users/<hiddenuser> IsHidden 0
```

---

## 10. Data Processing & Regex

### Useful Regex Patterns

```
\<[^\>]*\>                                           # Strip HTML tags
(https?|ftp|ssh)://[^\s/$.?#].[^\s]*                 # URL
[a-zA-Z0-9._%+-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9.-]+\.[a-zA-Z]{2,}      # Email address
\d+\.?\d*                                            # Number (int or float)
[a-fA-F0-9]{32}|[a-fA-F0-9]{64}                      # MD5 or SHA256 hash
\b[13][a-km-zA-HJ-NP-Z1-9]{25,34}\b                  # Bitcoin address
"([^"\\]|\\.)*"                                      # JSON string value
0x[a-fA-F0-9]{40}                                    # Ethereum address
\b\d{1,3}(\.\d{1,3}){3}\b                            # IPv4 address
```

### Python One-Liners

```bash
# Pretty-print JSON from an API and grep for a field
curl -s https://api.example.com/data | python3 -m json.tool | grep "price"

# Extract and compute stats from a CSV column
python3 -c "
import csv
data = [float(row['price']) for row in csv.DictReader(open('prices.csv'))]
print(f'Count: {len(data)}, Mean: {sum(data)/len(data):.2f}, Max: {max(data)}, Min: {min(data)}')
"

# Extract all URLs from a text file
cat document.txt | python3 -c "import sys, re; print('\n'.join(re.findall(r'https?://\S+', sys.stdin.read())))"

# Batch rename .txt files to .md
python3 -c "import os; [os.rename(f, f.replace('.txt', '.md')) for f in os.listdir('.') if f.endswith('.txt')]"

# Count total lines of code in Python files
find . -name "*.py" -type f -exec wc -l {} + | tail -1
```

### Batch Extract Text from EPUB Files

```bash
for epub in *.epub; do
  echo "Processing $epub..."
  unzip -q -c "$epub" | strings | grep -v "^$" > "${epub%.epub}.txt" 2>/dev/null && \
    echo "✔ $epub processed" || echo "✗ Failed: $epub"
done
```

---

## 11. Miscellaneous

### Install Common CLI Tools (one-liner)

```bash
brew install htop ncdu parallel mitmproxy ffmpeg fdupes fswatch nethogs autossh
```

### Find and Remove Duplicate Files

```bash
brew install fdupes

# List duplicate files recursively
fdupes -r .

# Automatically delete duplicates (keeps one copy, no prompts)
# ⚠️ Use with caution — preview with fdupes -r . first!
fdupes -rdN .
```

### Batch Download URLs

```bash
# Download files listed in urls.txt (one URL per line)
xargs -n 1 curl -O -L < urls.txt

# Parallel downloads for speed (4 at a time):
cat urls.txt | parallel --jobs 4 'curl -O -L {}'

# Alternative: use wget for retries and recursive downloads
brew install wget
wget -i urls.txt
```

### Preserve Folder Structure When Copying Specific File Types

```bash
# Copy only .pdf and .jpg files, maintaining directory structure
rsync -av --include '*/' --include '*.pdf' --include '*.jpg' --exclude '*' source_folder/ destination_folder/

# Dry run first (shows what would be copied without copying):
rsync -avn --include '*/' --include '*.pdf' --include '*.jpg' --exclude '*' source_folder/ destination_folder/
```

### Useful macOS `defaults` Tweaks

```bash
# Show hidden files in Finder
defaults write com.apple.finder AppleShowAllFiles -bool true; killall Finder

# Show file extensions in Finder
defaults write NSGlobalDomain AppleShowAllExtensions -bool true; killall Finder

# Disable .DS_Store files on network and USB volumes
defaults write com.apple.desktopservices DSDontWriteNetworkStores -bool true
defaults write com.apple.desktopservices DSDontWriteUSBStores -bool true

# Speed up Mission Control animation
defaults write com.apple.dock expose-animation-duration -float 0.1; killall Dock

# Expand save panel by default
defaults write NSGlobalDomain NSNavPanelExpandedStateForSaveMode -bool true
```

---

## Summary of Key Changes for macOS Tahoe (26)

| Topic | What Changed |
|---|---|
| **launchctl** | `load`/`unload` are legacy. Use `bootstrap`/`bootout` with domain targets instead. |
| **Rosetta 2** | Still works on Tahoe, but 26.4 shows warnings. Will be largely removed in macOS 28. Check your apps with `system_profiler SPApplicationsDataType`. |
| **Kernel Extensions** | Fully deprecated. Use System Extensions / DriverKit. `kextstat` may show nothing on a clean Tahoe install. |
| **Shortcuts Automations** | Brand-new on macOS. Trigger workflows on file changes, time, display connect/disconnect, and more — no scripting needed. |
| **Terminal Security** | macOS 26.4 warns when pasting potentially harmful commands. Informational only; dismiss once. |
| **Screenshots** | `killall SystemUIServer` is mostly unnecessary now. Use ⌘⇧5 → Options, or `defaults write` takes effect immediately. |
| **Cron** | Still works but has been "deprecated" by Apple for over a decade. Consider migrating to launchd or Shortcuts Automations. |
```