Modern opengl using Python

modern_opengl_01_triangle.py

from glfwpy.glfw import (AUTO_POLL_EVENTS, OPENED, OPENGL_CORE_PROFILE,
    OPENGL_FORWARD_COMPAT, OPENGL_PROFILE, OPENGL_VERSION_MAJOR,
    OPENGL_VERSION_MINOR, WINDOW,
    Enable, GetWindowParam, Init, OpenWindow, OpenWindowHint,
    SetKeyCallback, SetWindowTitle, SwapBuffers, Terminate)
import numpy as np
from OpenGL.arrays import ArrayDatatype
from OpenGL.GL import (GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT,
    GL_COMPILE_STATUS, GL_FALSE, GL_FLOAT, GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER,
    GL_LINK_STATUS, GL_RENDERER, GL_SHADING_LANGUAGE_VERSION,
    GL_STATIC_DRAW, GL_TRIANGLES, GL_TRUE, GL_VENDOR, GL_VERSION,
    GL_VERTEX_SHADER, glAttachShader, glBindBuffer, glBindVertexArray,
    glBufferData, glClear, glClearColor, glCompileShader,
    glCreateProgram, glCreateShader, glDeleteProgram,
    glDeleteShader, glDrawArrays, glEnableVertexAttribArray,
    glGenBuffers, glGenVertexArrays, glGetAttribLocation,
    glGetProgramInfoLog, glGetProgramiv, glGetShaderInfoLog,
    glGetShaderiv, glGetString, glGetUniformLocation, glLinkProgram,
    glShaderSource, glUseProgram, glVertexAttribPointer)
import sys


vertex = """
#version 330
in vec3 vin_position;
in vec3 vin_color;
out vec3 vout_color;

void main(void)
{
    vout_color = vin_color;
    gl_Position = vec4(vin_position, 1.0);
}
"""


fragment = """
#version 330
in vec3 vout_color;
out vec4 fout_color;

void main(void)
{
    fout_color = vec4(vout_color, 1.0);
}
"""

vertex_data = np.array([0.75, 0.75, 0.0,
                        0.75, -0.75, 0.0,
                        -0.75, -0.75, 0.0], dtype=np.float32)

color_data = np.array([1, 0, 0,
                        0, 1, 0,
                        0, 0, 1], dtype=np.float32)


class ShaderProgram(object):
    """ Helper class for using GLSL shader programs
    """
    def __init__(self, vertex, fragment):
        """
        Parameters
        ----------
        vertex : str
            String containing shader source code for the vertex
            shader
        fragment : str
            String containing shader source code for the fragment
            shader

        """
        self.program_id = glCreateProgram()
        vs_id = self.add_shader(vertex, GL_VERTEX_SHADER)
        frag_id = self.add_shader(fragment, GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER)

        glAttachShader(self.program_id, vs_id)
        glAttachShader(self.program_id, frag_id)
        glLinkProgram(self.program_id)

        if glGetProgramiv(self.program_id, GL_LINK_STATUS) != GL_TRUE:
            info = glGetProgramInfoLog(self.program_id)
            glDeleteProgram(self.program_id)
            glDeleteShader(vs_id)
            glDeleteShader(frag_id)
            raise RuntimeError('Error linking program: %s' % (info))
        glDeleteShader(vs_id)
        glDeleteShader(frag_id)

    def add_shader(self, source, shader_type):
        """ Helper function for compiling a GLSL shader

        Parameters
        ----------
        source : str
            String containing shader source code

        shader_type : valid OpenGL shader type
            Type of shader to compile

        Returns
        -------
        value : int
            Identifier for shader if compilation is successful

        """
        try:
            shader_id = glCreateShader(shader_type)
            glShaderSource(shader_id, source)
            glCompileShader(shader_id)
            if glGetShaderiv(shader_id, GL_COMPILE_STATUS) != GL_TRUE:
                info = glGetShaderInfoLog(shader_id)
                raise RuntimeError('Shader compilation failed: %s' % (info))
            return shader_id
        except:
            glDeleteShader(shader_id)
            raise

    def uniform_location(self, name):
        """ Helper function to get location of an OpenGL uniform variable

        Parameters
        ----------
        name : str
            Name of the variable for which location is to be returned

        Returns
        -------
        value : int
            Integer describing location

        """
        return glGetUniformLocation(self.program_id, name)

    def attribute_location(self, name):
        """ Helper function to get location of an OpenGL attribute variable

        Parameters
        ----------
        name : str
            Name of the variable for which location is to be returned

        Returns
        -------
        value : int
            Integer describing location

        """
        return glGetAttribLocation(self.program_id, name)


def key_callback(key, action):
    """ Sample keyboard callback function """
    print 'Key: %s Action: %s pressed' % (key, action)


if __name__ == "__main__":
    if not Init():
        print 'GLFW initialization failed'
        sys.exit(-1)

    # These Window hints are used to specify
    # which opengl version to use and other details
    # for the opengl context that will be created
    OpenWindowHint(OPENGL_VERSION_MAJOR, 3)
    OpenWindowHint(OPENGL_VERSION_MINOR, 2)
    OpenWindowHint(OPENGL_PROFILE, OPENGL_CORE_PROFILE)
    OpenWindowHint(OPENGL_FORWARD_COMPAT, GL_TRUE)

    if not OpenWindow(1400, 800, 0, 0, 0, 0, 32, 0, WINDOW):
        print "OpenWindow failed"
        Terminate()
        sys.exit(-1)

    # Every time a key on the keyboard is clicked
    # call our callback function
    SetKeyCallback(key_callback)

    SetWindowTitle("Modern opengl example")
    Enable(AUTO_POLL_EVENTS)

    # If everything went well the following calls
    # will display the version of opengl being used
    print 'Vendor: %s' % (glGetString(GL_VENDOR))
    print 'Opengl version: %s' % (glGetString(GL_VERSION))
    print 'GLSL Version: %s' % (glGetString(GL_SHADING_LANGUAGE_VERSION))
    print 'Renderer: %s' % (glGetString(GL_RENDERER))

    glClearColor(0.95, 1.0, 0.95, 0)

    # Lets compile our shaders since the use of shaders is now
    # mandatory. We need at least a vertex and fragment shader
    # begore we can draw anything
    program = ShaderProgram(fragment=fragment, vertex=vertex)

    # Lets create a VAO and bind it
    # Think of VAO's as object that encapsulate buffer state
    # Using a VAO enables you to cut down on calls in your draw
    # loop which generally makes things run faster
    vao_id = glGenVertexArrays(1)
    glBindVertexArray(vao_id)

    # Lets create our Vertex Buffer objects - these are the buffers
    # that will contain our per vertex data
    vbo_id = glGenBuffers(2)

    # Bind a buffer before we can use it
    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo_id[0])

    # Now go ahead and fill this bound buffer with some data
    glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, ArrayDatatype.arrayByteCount(vertex_data), vertex_data, GL_STATIC_DRAW)

    # Now specify how the shader program will be receiving this data
    # In this case the data from this buffer will be available in the shader as the vin_position vertex attribute
    glVertexAttribPointer(program.attribute_location('vin_position'), 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, None)

    # Turn on this vertex attribute in the shader
    glEnableVertexAttribArray(0)

    # Now do the same for the other vertex buffer
    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo_id[1])
    glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, ArrayDatatype.arrayByteCount(color_data), color_data, GL_STATIC_DRAW)
    glVertexAttribPointer(program.attribute_location('vin_color'), 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, None)
    glEnableVertexAttribArray(1)

    # Lets unbind our vbo and vao state
    # We will bind these again in the draw loop
    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0)
    glBindVertexArray(0)

    running = True

    while running:
        glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT)

        # Specify shader to be used
        glUseProgram(program.program_id)

        # Bind VAO - this will automatically
        # bind all the vbo's saving us a bunch
        # of calls
        glBindVertexArray(vao_id)

        # Modern GL makes the draw call really simple
        # All the complexity has been pushed elsewhere
        glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 3)

        # Lets unbind the shader and vertex array state
        glUseProgram(0)
        glBindVertexArray(0)

        # Now lets show our master piece on the screen
        SwapBuffers()

        # If the user has closed the window in anger
        # then terminate this program
        running = running and GetWindowParam(OPENED)

fuck yea than you so much, first code that let me run opengl4 with python on mac!!

but how did you install glfwpy.glfw??
just wondering... I'm using cyglfw3 at the moment..

I am also unable to find glfwpy. I was able to install pyglfw (a variant) through Anaconda, but it doesn't appear to be working. Could you please tell me where I can get the same package you used?

You can also abuse my OpenGL 3.3+ framework: https://github.com/Contraz/demosys-py
Should be plenty of code you can look at there.

Checkout ModernGL you can do this with less then 100 lines of code.

Thanks! It still helps in 2018 :)
I made my own example on this one with recent glfw calls, you can find it here -> another triangle example , if you want to run it immediatly

I’m new to OpenGL and am very puzzled about the syntax that
Vertex = ‘’’ ....
I don’t understand why the ‘’’ doesn’t starrt ( and end) non-code comments
🤕