Linux

linux.hints.0.sh

# This Gist contains several files
# with linux commands hints/cheatsheet
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# all files in this Gist.
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linux.hints.filesystem.sh

#!/bin/sh

#######################################
# Move or rename files and directories
mv  # Если говорит "каталог не пуст", значит уже есть файл или папка с таким именем


#######################################
# Copy files/dirs
cp file destination  # Copy file to destination
cp -R dir destination  # Copy directory to destination


#######################################
# Create soft link
ln -s source_file destination_file       # Create soft link to 'source_file' with path/name 'destination_file'
ln -s ../test/run_test.sh ./run_test.sh  # Example


#######################################
# Remove files/dirs
rm file      # Will remove file which is not write-protected (!!!)
rm -r dir    # Will recursively remove dir and it's contents (which are not write-protected)
rm -f file   # Will force remove file (even write-protected)
rm -rf fdir  # Will force remove file/dir and it's contents completely EXCEPT hidden files (starting with '.')
rm -rf *     # Will force remove all files/dirs in CURRENT directory EXCEPT hidden files (starting with '.')


#######################################
# Change file permissions
chmod permissions file  # Will set permissions to file
chmod +x file           # Will ADD execution permission to file by all users
chmod -x file           # Will REMOVE execution permission to file by all users
chmod 777 file          # Will set read-write-execute permissions to file by all users

r = read, w = write, x = execute, d = directory


#######################################
# Change owner
chown user:group file  # Will change owner of the file to user 'user' from group 'group'
chown -R user:group *  # Will change owner for all files/dirs recursively

linux.hints.navigation.sh

#!/bin/sh

#######################################
# Show contents of current directory

ls -F  # Will add '/' to directories
ls -l  # Will show files permissions
ls -1  # Will use single column in output
ls -a  # Will show all contents including hidden files (which name starts with '.')
ls -al # Show all files and it's permissions

#######################################
# Show current directory full path
pwd

linux.hints.process.sh

#!/bin/sh

#######################################
# Find process
ps -aux                      # See launched processes
ps -aux | grep process_name  # Search for launched process with specified name


#######################################
# Kill process
kill -9 pid          # Kill process with id == pid
kill -s SIGSEGV pid  # Send SIGSEGV signal to process with id == pid

linux.hints.search.sh

#!/bin/sh

#######################################
# Find files by name
find dir -name "pattern"   # Case sensitive search for all files in dir and it's subdirs matching specified pattern
find dir -iname "pattern"  # Case insensitive search
find . -iname "*.log"      # Find all .log files in current directory and it's subdirectories
find -iname "*.log"        # Same as 'find . -iname'


#######################################
# Find text in files
grep "pattern" file      # Case sensitive search of text matching given pattern (can find part of a word)
grep -i "pattern" file   # Case insensitive search
grep -R "pattern" *      # Case sensitive RECURSIVE search in all files in current directory and it's subdirectories
grep -Ri .......         # Case insensitive recursive search
grep -l  # Display only file names which text mathes given pattern


#######################################
# Redirect application output to file
app > app.log       # Redirect app stdout to app.log
app 2> app.log      # Redirect app stderr to app.log
app > app.log 2>&1  # Redirect stdout and stderr to app.log