query pela taxonomia

tax_query.php

<?php
        
    $the_query = new WP_Query( array(
        'orderby' => 'rand',
        'post__not_in'=> array(get_the_ID()),
        'post_type' => 'area-atuacao',
        'posts_per_page' => '3',
        'tax_query' => array(
            array(
                'taxonomy' => 'categoria_atuacao', // custom tax
                'field' => 'term_id', // filter the tax by...
                'terms' => 10 // tax id
            )
        )
    ));
    
?>

<?php while ( $the_query->have_posts() ) : $the_query->the_post(); ?>

<?php endwhile; ?>