Plot people's overlapping lifespan with bars

plot_peoples_lifespans.py

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

IMAGE_DIRPATH = r"your/path/to/lifespans.png"

PEOPLE = [
    ("Voltaire", 1694, 1778, "Philosopher"),
    ("Hume", 1711, 1776, "Philosopher"),
    ("Rousseau", 1712, 1778, "Philosopher"),
    ("Kant", 1724, 1804, "Philosopher"),
    ("Fichte", 1762, 1814, "Philosopher"),
    ("Hegel", 1770, 1831, "Philosopher"),
    ("Schelling", 1775, 1854, "Philosopher"),
    ("Schopenhauer", 1788, 1860, "Philosopher"),
    ("Stirner", 1806, 1856, "Philosopher"),
    ("Kierkegaard", 1813, 1855, "Philosopher"),
    ("Marx", 1818, 1883, "Philosopher"),
    ("Nietzsche", 1844, 1900, "Philosopher"),
    ("Peirce", 1839, 1914, "Philosopher"),
    ("Euler", 1707, 1783, "Mathematician"),
    ("Lagrange", 1736, 1813, "Mathematician"),
    ("Laplace", 1749, 1827, "Mathematician"),
    ("Gauss", 1777, 1855, "Mathematician"),
    ("Cauchy", 1789, 1857, "Mathematician"),
    ("Jacobi", 1804, 1851, "Mathematician"),
    ("Abel", 1802, 1829, "Mathematician"),
    ("Galois", 1811, 1832, "Mathematician"),
    ("Dedekind", 1831, 1916, "Mathematician"),
    ("Riemann", 1826, 1866, "Mathematician"),
    ("Hilbert", 1862, 1943, "Mathematician"),
    ("Klein", 1849, 1925, "Mathematician"),
    ("Noether", 1882, 1935, "Mathematician"),
    ("Cantor", 1845, 1918, "Mathematician"),
    ("Poincaré", 1854, 1912, "Mathematician"),
    ("Fourier", 1768, 1830, "Mathematician"),
    ("Coulomb", 1736, 1806, "Physicist"),
    ("Ampère", 1775, 1836, "Physicist"),
    ("Faraday", 1791, 1867, "Physicist"),
    ("Maxwell", 1831, 1879, "Physicist"),
    ("Kelvin", 1824, 1907, "Physicist"),
    ("Boltzmann", 1844, 1906, "Physicist"),
    ("Planck", 1858, 1947, "Physicist"),
    ("Einstein", 1879, 1955, "Physicist"),
    ("Curie", 1867, 1934, "Physicist"),
    ("Heisenberg", 1901, 1976, "Physicist"),
    ("Fermi", 1901, 1954, "Physicist"),
    ("Maria Theresa", 1717, 1780, "Politician"),
    ("Napoleon", 1769, 1821, "Politician"),
    ("Metternich", 1773, 1859, "Politician"),
    ("Bismarck", 1815, 1898, "Politician"),
    ("Lincoln", 1809, 1865, "Politician"),
    ("Roosevelt", 1858, 1919, "Politician"),
    ("Churchill", 1874, 1965, "Politician"),
    #("Descartes", 1596, 1650, "Philosopher"),
    #("Spinoza", 1632, 1677, "Philosopher"),
    #("Locke", 1632, 1704, "Philosopher"),
    #("Leibniz", 1646, 1716, "Philosopher"),  #"Mathematician"
    #("Berkeley", 1685, 1753, "Philosopher"),
    #("William James", 1842, 1910, "Philosopher"),
    #("Bergson", 1859, 1941, "Philosopher"),
    #("Pascal", 1623, 1662, "Mathematician"),
    #("Galileo", 1564, 1642, "Physicist"),
    #("Newton", 1643, 1727, "Physicist"),  #  "Mathematician"
    #("Franz Joseph I", 1830, 1916, "Politician"),
    #("Queen Victoria", 1819, 1901, "Politician"),
    #("Rutherford", 1871, 1937, "Physicist"),
    #("Benjamin Disraeli", 1804, 1881, "Politician"),
    #("Woodrow Wilson", 1856, 1924, "Politician"),
    #("Hawking", 1942, 2018, "Physicist"),
    #("Louis XIV", 1638, 1715, "Politician"),
    #("Peter the Great", 1672, 1725, "Politician"),
    #("Frederick the Great", 1712, 1786, "Politician"),
    #("Catherine the Great", 1729, 1796, "Politician"),
]

COLORS = {
    "Philosopher": "#1f77b4",
    "Mathematician": "#ff7f0e",
    "Physicist": "#2ca02c",
    "Politician": "#d62728",
}

def make_plot(people_sorted: list):
    fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(8, 14))  # updated size

    for year in range(1700, 2000, 50):
        ax.axvline(x=year, color='gray', linestyle='--', linewidth=0.8, alpha=0.5)
        ax.text(year, -1.5, str(year), ha='center', va='bottom', fontsize=8, color='gray')

    for idx, (name, birth, death, cat) in enumerate(people_sorted):
        ax.barh(idx, death - birth, left=birth, color=COLORS[cat], edgecolor='black')
        ax.text(death + 1, idx, name, va='center', fontsize=10)

    ax.set_xlabel("Year")
    ylim_lower: int = people_sorted[0][1] - 3
    ax.set_xlim(ylim_lower, 2025)
    ax.set_yticks([])
    ax.invert_yaxis()

    plt.subplots_adjust(top=0.93)
    plt.tight_layout()
    plt.show()

    fig.savefig(IMAGE_DIRPATH, dpi=300, bbox_inches='tight')

if __name__ == '__main__':
    make_plot(sorted(PEOPLE, key=lambda x: x[1]))