with date_fields as (
  select id,
         extract(dow from date) as day_of_week,
         extract(hour from date) as hour_of_day,
         extract(minute from date) as minute_of_hour
    from cycling_entry
)
update cycling_entry
   set day_of_week=subquery.day_of_week,
       hour_of_day=subquery.hour_of_day,
       minute_of_hour=subquery.minute_of_hour
  from (
    select * from date_fields
  ) as subquery
 where cycling_entry.id = subquery.id;